‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

PEARSON BTEC International Standards Verifier

ICT Program
q
Dr. Amany AbdElSamea Saeed

2/18/2024 12:35 PM
Lec. 2 Arduino February 2024
1
Outline
‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

Introduction to embedded systems

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
What is Arduino?
Difference between Arduino Board
Arduino Uno
Arduino Sensors
Arduino IDE
Arduino and TinkerCAD

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 Introduction to Embedded Systems ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬
• Any computing system consists of processor, memory and I/O peripherals.
It is divided into general purpose and specific purpose systems
• An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to
perform certain dedicated functions.
• It is a combination of Software and Hardware”
• It is Specific to an application

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 Embedded Systems Components ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 Common Characteristics of Embedded ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬
Systems
• Dependability
• Single-functioned (dedicated System)
– Executes a single program, repeatedly
• Tightly-constrained (Efficient)
– Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.
• Reactive and real-time
– Continually reacts to changes in the system’s environment
– Must compute certain results in real-time without delay
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 Microprocessor (CPU) ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

• Defined as a single processor core that supports at least instruction fetching,

decoding and executing.
• Normally can be used for general purpose computing but needs to be supported with
memories and Input/Output(IOs).
• To make complete microcomputer, one must add memory usually ROM and RAM,
memory decoder, an oscillator and a number of serial and parallel ports

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 Microcontroller ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

• A microcontroller is a functional computer system-on-a-chip. It contains a processor,

memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

• Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program

memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output.

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 Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

Microprocessor Microcontroller
Microprocessors are widely used in computer systems Microcontroller is widely used in embedded systems
It has only a CPU embedded into it It has a CPU, a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other
peripherals all embedded on it
connect all the In case of microprocessor we have to As all the components are internally connected in
components externally so the circuit becomes large and microcontroller so the circuit size is small
complex
It consumes more power It consumes less power than a microprocessor
It has very less internal register storage so it has to rely It has many registers so processing time is less
on external storage. So all memory operations are
carried out using memory based external commands
which results in high processing time
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 What is Arduino? ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

• Arduino is a microcontroller-based open source electronic

prototyping board which can be programmed with an easy-to-
use Arduino IDE

• Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board

and a piece of software, or IDE. The Arduino IDE uses a
simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn.

• With Arduino, you can control almost everything around you be

it simple LED or giant Robots.

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 ‫‪Different types of Arduino‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 Difference between Arduino boards ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 Arduino Uno ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

PWR IN USB
(to Computer)
• The Uno is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a great
choice for beginners. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
RESET
the ATmega328 .

• What does it have?

-14 Digital In/Out pins (6 can be used as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a
technique for getting analog results with digital means) SCL\SDA
(I2C Bus)
-6 Analog Inputs
-A USB Connection
-A Power Jack
POWER
-Reset Button 5V /
-On-board LED 3.3V / Digital I\O
GND
-SCL/SDA pins (Serial Clock/ Serial Data pins) PWM(3, 5,
6, 9, 10, 11)
Analog
• In short, it contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply INPUTS

connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or

battery to get started.
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 ‫‪Arduino Uno Board‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 Arduino Sensors ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

• The sensors are defined as a machine, module, or a device that detect

changes in the environment. The sensors transfer those changes to the
electronic devices in the form of a signal.

• The sensors are used to measure the physical quantities, such as

pressure, temperature, sound, humidity, and light, etc.

• The data signal runs from the sensor to the output pins of the Arduino.
The data is further recorded by the Arduino.

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 ‫‪Arduino Sensors cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫?‪How Arduino is Programmed‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 Arduino IDE ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

• The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload code
to the Arduino boards.

• The IDE application is suitable for different operating systems such as Windows, Mac
OS X, and Linux. It supports the programming languages C and C++. Here, IDE stands
for Integrated Development Environment.

• The program or code written in the Arduino IDE is often called as sketching. We need
to connect the Genuino and Arduino board with the IDE to upload the sketch written
in the Arduino IDE software.

• The sketch is saved with the extension '.ino.'

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 ‫‪Arduino IDE cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪Useful Functions‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪Blinking LED‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 How to Get Started? ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

If you have the board follow up the following steps:

• Arduino board
- USB cable
- DC power supplies

• Download the Arduino software (Arduino IDE)

• Read carefully
-Instructions to install and setup the Arduino board with the computer and software
- Download the Arduino IDE software

• Plug in the Arduino board into the computer after writing the sketch.

If you don’t have the board so use TinkerCAD simulator

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 ‫‪TinkerCAD Arduino‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪TinkerCAD Arduino cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪TinkerCAD Arduino cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪TinkerCAD Arduino cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪TinkerCAD Arduino cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫‪TinkerCAD Arduino cont.,‬‬ ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

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 ‫كلية تكنولوجيا الصناعة والطاقة‬

‫‪Thank‬‬
‫‪q‬‬
‫‪you‬‬

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