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Pitot-Ststic Tube

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25 views3 pages

Pitot-Ststic Tube

Uploaded by

devan raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EX. No.7.

Pressure Measurement with Pitot Static Tube


Aim:
Study and determine the actual and theoretical velocity of pitot-static tube.
Theory:
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it exerts pressure that is made up of static and dynamic
components. The static pressure is indicated by a measuring device moving with the flow or
that causes no velocity change in the flow. Usually, to measure static pressure, a small hole
perpendicular to the flow is drilled through the container wall and concreted to a manometer
(or pressure gauge as indicated in figure 1.
The dynamic pressure is due to the movement of the fluid. The dynamic pressure and the
static pressure together make up the total or stagnation pressure. The stagnation pressure can
be measured in the flow with a pitot tube. The pitot tube is an open ended tube facing the
flow directly. Figure 1 gives a sketch of the measurement of stagnation pressure.

Fig.1 Measurement of Static and Stagnation Pressures


The pitot-static tube combines the effects of static and stagnation pressure measurement into
one device. Figure 2 is a schematic of the pitot-static tube. It consists of a tube within a tube
which is placed in the duct facing upstream. The pressure tap that faces the flow directly
gives a measurement of the stagnation pressure, while the tap that is perpendicular to the flow
gives the static pressure. When the pitot-static tube is immersed in the flow of a fluid, the
pressure difference (stagnation minus static) can be read directly using a manometer and
connecting the pressure taps to each leg. Applying the Bernoulli’s equation between the two
pressure taps yields.
Fig. 2 Schematic of Pitot- Static Tube

The simplified form of Bernoulli's equation can be summarized in the following memorable
word equation: static pressure + dynamic pressure = total pressure.

rearrange the preceding equation and solve for velocity,


u= √ p 1− p 2¿ /Pair …….. 2

P 1−P 2=( ρM −ρair ) . X . g . sinθ ……. 3


Where, ρm is the density of manometer fluid
Procedure:
1. Start with definite flow and measure the velocity (u actual) by anemometer.
2. Adjust position of pitot at center of duct (r+0)
3. When steady state reached, record manometer readings (x0.
4. Set pitot tube at different position (10, 5, -5 and -10) at same flow rate and record
manometer reading.
Calculate ( ρ 1−ρ 2 ¿from equation 3 fior each position of pitot. Also evaluate theoretical
velocity from equation 2.
CV- actual velocity / theoretical velocity
Plot u as a function of distance from the center.
Tabulation:
Distance from X (mm) P1-P2 U theoretical CV
center r (mm) (pa) m/s
10
5
0
-5
-10

Result:
Value of actual velocity 10 = , 5 = , 0 = , -5= , -10=
Theoretical velocity 10 = , 5 = , 0 = , -5= , -10=

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