Name : Parth Wattamwar

Class : WMN
PRN : 202101040251

Activity 2

Self Evaluation:
1.Exercise 1

#
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;#Channel Type
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue type
set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq
set val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes
set val(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol
set val(x) 500
set val(y) 500
#set val(scene)
"/home/barun/Desktop/ns2/ns-2.34/indep-utils/cmu-scen-gen/setdest/ant/scene-3n-2" set
val(stop) 70.0 ;# simulation time
# Initialize Global Variables set
ns_ [new Simulator]
$ns_ use-newtrace
set tracefd [open wireless2.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd

# set up topography object

set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) #
Create God
set god_ [create-god $val(nn)]
# New API to config node:
# 1. Create channel (or multiple-channels);
# 2. Specify channel in node-config (instead of channelType); # 3.
Create nodes for simulations.
# Create channel #1 and #2 set
chan_1_ [new $val(chan)] set
chan_2_ [new $val(chan)]
# Create node(0) "attached" to channel #1
# configure node, please note the change below.
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace ON \
-channel $chan_1_ set
node_(0) [$ns_ node]
# node_(1) can also be created with the same configuration, or with a different #
channel specified.
# Uncomment below two lines will create node_(1) with a different channel. # $ns_
node-config \
# -channel $chan_2_
set node_(1) [$ns_ node]
set node_(2) [$ns_ node]
$node_(0) random-motion 0
$node_(1) random-motion 0
$node_(2) random-motion 0
#
# Define traffic model #
puts "Loading scenario file..." #source
$val(scene)
# nodes: 3, speed type: 1, min speed: 1.00, max speed: 15.00
# avg speed: 4.97, pause type: 1, pause: 2.00, max x: 500.00, max y: 500.00 #
$node_(0) set X_ 454.060071018640
$node_(0) set Y_ 403.968538862061
$node_(0) set Z_ 0.000000000000
$node_(1) set X_ 22.178026058951
$node_(1) set Y_ 243.738350737276
$node_(1) set Z_ 0.000000000000
$node_(2) set X_ 371.008451369069
$node_(2) set Y_ 185.301693166316
$node_(2) set Z_ 0.000000000000
$ns_ at 0.000000000000 "$node_(0) setdest 356.793785866608 11.405992524802
3.552472957623"
$ns_ at 0.000000000000 "$node_(1) setdest 238.321861617953 391.660135696947
11.421343547674"
$ns_ at 0.000000000000 "$node_(2) setdest 146.063853609674 445.314010285147
9.794277769329"
$god_ set-dist 0 1 16777215
$god_ set-dist 0 2 1
$god_ set-dist 1 2 16777215
$ns_ at 6.588983535475 "$god_ set-dist 0 1 2"
$ns_ at 6.588983535475 "$god_ set-dist 1 2 1"
$ns_ at 17.739115189630 "$god_ set-dist 0 1 1"
$ns_ at 22.931989576748 "$node_(1) setdest 238.321861617953 391.660135696947
0.000000000000"
$ns_ at 24.931989576748 "$node_(1) setdest 320.540534372542 254.623600971352
7.991026077916"
$ns_ at 55.931989576748 "$node_(2) setdest 290.540534372542 254.623600971352
5.991026077916"
$ns_ at 27.621738856783 "$god_ set-dist 0 1 1"
$ns_ at 27.621738856783 "$god_ set-dist 1 2 1"
$ns_ at 27.621738856783 "$god_ set-dist 0 2 2" #
# Destination Unreachables: 2 #
# Route Changes: 4 #
# Link Changes: 3 #
# Node | Route Changes | Link Changes
# 0| 3| 2
# 1| 3| 2
# 2| 2| 2

$ns_ at 35 "$god_ set-dist 0 2 2" #

Nodes and their sizes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
#$node_($i) random-motion 0
$ns_ initial_node_pos $node_($i) 20
}
# Setup traffic flow between nodes
# TCP connections between node_(0) and node_(1)

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]

$tcp set class_ 2
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp
$ns_ attach-agent $node_(2) $sink
$ns_ connect $tcp $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns_ at 3.0 "$ftp start"
#
# Tell nodes when the simulation ends #
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } {incr i} {
$ns_ at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}
$ns_ at $val(stop) "stop"
$ns_ at $val(stop) "puts \"NS EXITING...\" ; $ns_ halt" proc stop {}
{
global ns_ tracefd
$ns_ flush-trace
close $tracefd
}
puts "Starting Simulation..."
$ns_ run
Exercise

Exercise 2 :
Output:
Solution

Screenshot

Results & Discussions

Solution for the exercise #2 is given below:
# Create a new simulator object. set
ns [new Simulator]

# ----- Setup wireless environment. ----

set wireless_tracefile [open dsr-6-nodes.tr w] #
Use new trace format
$ns use-newtrace
set topography [new Topography]
$ns trace-all $wireless_tracefile
$topography load_flatgrid 700 700 #
# Create God #
set god_ [create-god 6]
#global node setting
$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSR \
-llType LL \
-macType Mac/802_11 \
-ifqType CMUPriQueue \
-ifqLen 50 \
 -antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \
-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \
-channel [new Channel/WirelessChannel] \
-topoInstance $topography \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace OFF \
-macTrace ON
# Create wireless nodes set
node(0) [$ns node]
$node(0) set X_ 150
$node(0) set Y_ 300
$node(0) set Z_ 0.0
$node(0) color "black"
$ns initial_node_pos $node(0) 30.000000
set node(1) [$ns node]
$node(1) set X_ 300
$node(1) set Y_ 500
$node(1) set Z_ 0.0
$node(1) color "black"
$ns initial_node_pos $node(1) 30.000000
set node(2) [$ns node]
$node(2) set X_ 500
$node(2) set Y_ 500
$node(2) set Z_ 0.0
$node(2) color "black"
$ns initial_node_pos $node(2) 30.000000
set node(3) [$ns node]
$node(3) set X_ 300
$node(3) set Y_ 100
$node(3) set Z_ 0.0
$node(3) color "black"
$ns initial_node_pos $node(3) 30.000000
set node(4) [$ns node]
$node(4) set X_ 500
$node(4) set Y_ 100
$node(4) set Z_ 0.0
$node(4) color "black"
$ns initial_node_pos $node(4) 30.000000
set node(5) [$ns node]
$node(5) set X_ 650
$node(5) set Y_ 300
$node(5) set Z_ 0.0
$node(5) color "black"
$ns initial_node_pos $node(5) 30.000000
# Node movement patterns
# $ns at 30 "$node(0) setdest 150.0 450.0 1.5"
$ns at 4.0 "$node(3) setdest 300.0 500.0 5.0"
$ns at 4.0 "$god_ set-dist 0 5 3"
# Create links between nodes. #
Add Link Loss Models
# Create agents.
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set class_ 2
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $node(0) $tcp
$ns attach-agent $node(5) $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns at 3.0 "$ftp start"
#
# Tell nodes when the simulation ends #
for {set i 0} {$i < 6 } {incr i} {
$ns at 60.000000 "$node($i) reset";
}
# Connect agents.
# Run the simulation
proc finish {} {
global ns
$ns flush-trace exit
0
}
$ns at 60.000000 "finish"
$ns run

Analyze the trace file and determine when the use of second route commence
Here the node 0 is the source node and node 5 is the destination node. Initially data moves
from node 0 to node 5 through the route 0-3-4-5. This movement begins at time 3.080088359
as shown below.
 SFESTs 3.080088359 _0_ 0 [0 -> 5] 1(1) to 3 [0 |3 4 5 ]
• The first field is Established Flowstate (SFEST)
• The second field is the time
• The third field is the node number
• The fourth field is the Header UID
• The fifth field is the source
• The sixth field is the destination
• The next field is the Flow ID and Flow Header
• The next number is the next hop id.
• The next numbers in the square brackets concerns the adresses through which the
data travels to destination.
The above trace indicates flowstate established from source 0 to destination 5 with 3 is the
next hop address through the route 0-3-4-5.
When we see 'D' or SSendFailure in the first field of trace and node number '3' or '4' or '5' in
the -Hs field of the trace(as shown below), then the existing route breaks and data will not
reach to the destination.
d -t 34.114865014 -Hs 3 -Hd -2 -Ni 3 -Nx 300.00 -Ny 250.57 -Nz 0.00 -Ne -
1.000000 -Nl MAC -Nw RET -Ma 256e -Md 4 -Ms 3 -Mt 0

SSendFailure 34.114865014 _3_ 1659 0 0:0 5:0 3->4 0 3 0 4 [0 |3 4 5 ]

• The first field is Send Failure (SSendFailure)
• The second field is the time
• The third field is the node number
• The fourth field is the Header UID
• The fifth field is the protocol type
• The sixth field is the Source : Source port
• The next field is the Destination : Destination port
• After this is the Flow ID and Flow Header
• The next number is the number of Hops: From -> To
• The next field is the number of Hops: Source -> Destination
• The next field is the number of Hops: From -> Destination
• The next number is the number of Addresses
• The next numbers in the square brackets concerns the adresses through which the
data travels to destination.
So roughly in 31.000212318 time data moves from node 0 to 5 through the route 0- 3-4-5.
 The Second route commence at time 34.249896832 when we see flowstate established
from 0(source) to 5(destination) with the next hop 3 through the route 0- 1-2-5 as shown
below.
SFESTs 34.249896832 _0_ 1712 [0 -> 5] 3(1) to 1 [0 |1 2 5 ]
For detail explanation of DSR trace formats follow the link given below
http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/NS-2_Trace_Formats
Plot the number of packets received by each node over the entire time duration of the
simulation
• Choose the tool Trace File Analysis and select wireless (New) simulation mode.
• As per the question given, choose the statistics “Byte Recieved” for plotting the
number of packets received by each node.
• For example, enter node number 5 and choose MAC, RTR and AGT layer and then
select plot.Similarly plot for node number 3 and 1.
• The above graph is shown for byte received by node number 1, 3 and 5.Initially TCP
connection is intiated between node 0 and 5 through node 3,4.At time 34.114865014
TCP connection breaks between node 0 and node3 and second route commence from
node 0 to node 5 via node 1,2 at time 34.249896832.So the above graph shows byte
received by node 3 is starts from time 3.009523851 to 34.114865014 and byte received
by node 1 is starts at time 34.249896832.