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Exercise 3 Poriferans and Cnidarians

About Sponges

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24 views25 pages

Exercise 3 Poriferans and Cnidarians

About Sponges

Uploaded by

anne21mansueto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PARAZOANS AND

SIMPLEST
METAZOANS
Phylum Porifera
Learning Outcomes

At the end of the exercise, the learner will be able to:

•Describe the organizational and structural features or


animals under Phylum Porifera and Phylum Cnidaria.
•Recognize members of the major classes of Poriferans
and Cnidarians.
•Enumerate the roles that they perform as well as the
importance of sponges and corals in our environment.
Phylum Porifera

• Poriferans are considered one of the simplest


invertebrates.
• Defining cell type is called choanocyte.
• Most familiar organism are the sponges.
Sponges
• There are at least 5,000 named species of sponges
• Their body structure facilitates the movement of
water for feeding, excretion, and gas exchange.
• Reproduce by sexual as well as asexual methods
• Fragmentation
• Budding
• Formation of gemmules
• Hermaphroditic
Anatomy of Sponges
SPONGOCOEL
Large Central
cavity lined with
chondrocytes and
other cells

OSTIA
Pores on the side
that allow water to
flow into the
spongocoel

OSCULUM
Large opening
where water exits
after passing
through the
This Photo by
Unknown Author
is licensed under
CC BY

spongocoel
Anatomy of Sponges

Spicules

Spongin
Classification of Sponges
✔4 classes (based on the type
of spicule or the (skeletal
spikes of silica or calcium
carbonate)

1. Calcarea has calcareous


spicules
2. Hexactinellida with six-rayed
siliceous spicule
3. Demospongiae have
siliceous spicules, spongin or
both
4. Sclerospongiae or coraline
sponges have multilayered
calcium carbonate skeletons
Canal Systems of Sponges

Ascon Sycon Leucon

Enables water to move through the sponge allowing the exchange of


gases, food and waste to nearly all body cells.
FILTER-FEEDING
Canal Systems of Sponges

Ascon
Canal Systems of Sponges

Sycon
Canal Systems of Sponges

Leucon
PHYLUM CNIDARIA

• Cnidarians exhibit radial or


biradial symmetry
• Defining cell type:
cnidocyte, or stinging cell
that serve to capture prey
or repel predators.
• 2 distinct body plans: polyp
"stalk" and the medusa or
"bell“
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
• Gastrovascular cavity serves both digestive and
circulatory functions with gas exchange by
diffusion between cells and the environment.
• 10,000 described species
•4 classes
1. Class Hydrozoa
2. Class Scyphozoa
3. Class Cubozoa
4. Class Anthozoa
Class Hydrozoa

• includes 3,200
species; Tentacles - contains
the cnidocytes
• both marine and Hydranth –
oral end of the
freshwater dwellers polyp bearing
Hypostome -
conical
the mouth and elevation
tentacles containing the
mouth part

bud -
asexually
produced
outgrowth

basal disc - used


for attachment to Solitary Hydra viewed
a substrate under SPO
Class Hydrozoa

Prepared slide of an Obelia - a


This Photo by Unknown colonial hydroid viewed under
Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA LPO
Class Scyphozoa

• “true-jellyfish”
• 200 known species
• Exclusively marine
animals with a
dominant medusa
stage
• display a
characteristic bell-
like morphology
• are free-
swimming
organisms
Class Cubozoa
• “box jellyfishes”
• are solitary animals
• with a reduced polyp
stage
• all marine dwellers
• contain muscular Pads
called pedalia
• include the most
venomous of all the
cnidarians
Class Anthozoa

§ 6,100 described
species
§ exhibit a sessile
polyp body plan only
§ all marine dwelling
§ may be colonial
or solitary
§ e.g. Sea pen,
anemones, corals
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed
under CC BY
PROCEDURE
•Draw representative sponges in the worksheet
provided (Class Calcarea and Hexactinellida)
•Grantia (Class Hexactinellida)
•Euplectella (Class Calcarea) WRITE THE
•Draw representatives of Phylum Cnidaria (Corals SCIENTIFIC
and Jellyfish)
•Coral NAMES OF THE
•Sponge (label: osculum, ostia) SPECIES YOU’VE
•Jellyfish (label: head, umbrella, tentacles) DRAWN.
•Corallite (label: corallite, septa)
•Answer Activity 3A in the VSU E-learning portal.
•Answer Activity 3B in the VSU E-learning portal.
•Answer Activity 3C in the E-learning portal

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