‫‪Tel.

& Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬

‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪DAKOTA ULTRASONIC DFX-8‬‬
‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﺑﻝ ﻭﺗﻭﺻﻳﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ‪OFF‬ﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻣﻐﻠﻕ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺣﺫﺭ ﻧﺯﻉ ﺍﻭ ﻓﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺑﻝ ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺑﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﻋﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪ON‬‬

‫ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻭﺭ ﻧﺟﺩ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻣﻳﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺧﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺳﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻧﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﺍﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻳﺳﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻅﻳﻔﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻧﺟﺩ ﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺫﻳﻥ ﻳﺷﻳﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻳﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﻟﻠﻳﺳﺎﺭ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛﻣﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬ﺍﻯ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺋﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺫﻳﻥ ﻳﺷﻳﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻼﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﻼﺳﻔﻝ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻭﺍﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﻣﻧﺎ ﺍﻻﻥ ﻧﺳﺗﻁﻳﻊ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻧﺗﻘﻝ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ‪DELAY,RANGE‬‬
‫‪ AND CAPTURE‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﺧﺭﻯ ﻧﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻳﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻳﺳﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺗﺿﺢ ﻟﻧﺎ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺳﻳﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻠﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺿﺑﻁﻪ ﻣﺛﻝ ‪RANGE, THICKNESS‬‬

‫‪ENTER‬‬
 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺑﺎﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻭﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁﻪ ﺏ ‪ ENTER‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻳﻁﻳﻥ ﺏ ‪GAIN‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺗﺣﺩﺙ ﺍﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ‪GAIN‬ﻭﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪GN‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‬

‫‪STEP‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪GAIN‬‬ ‫ﻓﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻧﻼﺣﻅ ﺍﻥ ‪STEP =1‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺿﻐﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ =‪1‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﻭ ‪GN =19‬ﻭﺿﻐﻁﺕ ﺿﻐﻁﺗﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻯ ﻓﻧﺟﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝ ‪GN =21‬‬

‫‪STEP‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻐﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ‪GAIN‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻔﻠﻰ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻘﺻﺎﻥ ‪ GN‬ﺑﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝ ‪STEP‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺫﻳﻥ ﻳﺷﻳﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻳﻣﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻳﺳﺎﺭ ﻳﻘﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﺗﻌﺩﻳﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻕ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩﻩ ﺑﻣﺟﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻳﻝ ﺑﻬﺫﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻣﻳﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺑﺯﻳﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﻳﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻘﺻﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﻼﻑ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻭﻅﻳﻔﺗﻬﻣﺎ ﻭﻭﻅﻳﻔﻪ ‪ENTER‬ﻓﻌﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ‪ENTER‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Beam path distance (SOUND PATH‬ﻳﺷﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺋﻝ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻌﻳﺑﻭﻧﻼﺣﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻛﺗﺏ ﺑﺟﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺋﻝ = ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ )‪(SP‬‬

‫‪Surface distance from the exit point of the transducer‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺣﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫‪X-OFFSET=0‬‬

‫)‪(Depth‬ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺳﻬﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻣﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻅﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻡ ﻟﻥ ﺗﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻔﻌﻳﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺭ ‪ TRIG‬ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ‪.on‬‬
 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫‪ gate‬ﻓﻌﻧﺩ ﻣﻼﻣﺳﺔ ﺍﻝ ‪gate‬ﻻﻯ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻡ ﺗﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺫﺓ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻼﺛﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻛﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪. X-OFFSET: This feature is used to calculate the surface distance in the‬‬
‫‪trigonometryfunction, as is a physical measurement from the exit point‬‬
‫‪of the probe to the front of the wedge/can/shoe/case‬‬

‫ﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻰ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪material‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪.۱‬‬
‫‪.velocity‬‬

‫‪Velocity in shear wave (V shear) = ½ v longitudinal‬‬

‫ﺳﻣﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪. (T) thickness‬‬ ‫‪.۲‬‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ‪ ( ɵ) probe angle‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻙ ﻭﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫‪.۳‬‬
‫ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻧﻘﻑ ﻋﻧﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﺣﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻯ ‪.range‬‬

‫ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ‪ welding process‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻝ ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻻﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﺣﺎﻡ ﻳﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻳﻭﺏ ﻣﻌﻳﻧﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻛﻝ ﻭﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺣﺎﻡ ‪.joint design‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬

‫ﺧﻠﻭ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﻣﻥ ‪dirt and weld spatter‬‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬

‫‪Perform a lamination scan obtaining at least two back wall‬‬ ‫‪.۷‬‬

‫‪reflections.‬‬
 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫‪If a lamination is located, measure it and record its location and‬‬

‫‪size on form D-11. Do not perform an angle beam scan over the‬‬
‫‪lamination.‬‬

‫‪ /1‬ﺍﺟﺭﺍء ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺳﻭﻑ ﻧﺷﺭﺡ ﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﺑﻠﻭﻛﻪ ‪v2‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻛﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﻳﻘﺭء ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺩﻗﻪ‬ ‫‪.۱‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺓ ‪distance calibration‬ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ‪.exit point‬‬

‫‪Shear wave calibration‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻧﺩ ‪ 25‬ﻭ ‪ 100‬ﻭ ‪ 175‬ﻭ ‪ 250‬ﻭﻫﻛﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ‪ exit point‬ﻧﻘﻑ ﻗﺭﺏ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﻪ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻣﻭﺿﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﺗﺣﺭﻙ ﻟﻼﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻠﺧﻠﻑ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻧﺩ ‪25‬‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺫ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﺑﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺩﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟﻭ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻝ‪ 25‬ﻭﻧﻅﺭﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﺱ ﻓﻭﺟﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﺑﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺭﻯ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪11‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ‪ 11= exit point‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﻩ ﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺣﻳﻪ ﺗﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻁﻪ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻧﺩ ‪50‬ﻭ ‪ 125‬ﻭ‪200‬ﻭ ‪ 275‬ﻭ ﻫﻛﺫﺍ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻣﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻭﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﻌﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ﻭﻳﻛﻔﻰ ﻋﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻭﻟﻭ ﺗﻡ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻌﻳﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺱ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ‬

‫ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﻭ ﺣﺻﻠﻧﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ = ‪ 11‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺭﻭﺽ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ =‪11‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻹﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ‪ sensitivity calibration‬ﻭﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ‬ ‫‪.۲‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻭﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﺍﻳﺿﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍءﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺳﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻛﻭﺩ ‪ (b) aws‬ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻑ ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ‪ 70‬ﻧﻘﻑ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻣﺑﻳﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﺗﺣﺭﻙ ﻟﻼﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﻠﻑ ﺣﺗﻰ‬
‫ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﺔ )ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﻗﻁﺭﻩ ‪ 1.59‬ﻣﻡ(‬

‫ﻳﻼﺣﻅ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ 21= sound path‬ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻣﻕ ‪ 7‬ﻣﻡ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻳﻼﺣﻅ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﻳﻥ‬

 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻳﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻗﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﻪ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫‪.۱‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﻭﻧﺗﺣﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ‬

‫‪exit‬‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻣﻛﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺛﻘﺏ ﻧﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ‬
‫‪ point‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻣﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﻧﻅﺭ ﻫﻝ ﺗﺗﻧﻁﺑﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺩﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻝ ‪70‬ﻓﻰ ﺑﻠﻭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﻩ ﺍﻡ ﻗﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻡ ﺑﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ 70‬ﻓﻰ ﺗﺩﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﺔ ‪..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻁﺑﻘﺕ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ‪70‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻁﺑﻘﺕ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻝ ‪70‬ﺑﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ‪69‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻁﺑﻘﺕ ﻧﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﻭﺝ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻝ ‪70‬ﺑﻧﻘﻁﺗﻳﻥ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ‪72‬‬

‫ﻳﻼﺣﻅ‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ) ‪ ( ɵ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻳﺎﺿﻳﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﻌﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﺳﻭﺍء ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ‪68‬ﺍﻭ ‪ 69‬ﺍﻭ ‪ 70‬ﺍﻭ ‪ 71‬ﺍﻭ ‪72‬‬

‫ﻳﻼﺣﻅ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻳﺳﻣﺢ ﺏ ‪ 2̊ ±‬ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻟﻭ ‪70‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﺗﺿﺢ ﺍﻧﻪ ‪ 68‬ﺍﻭ ‪ 72‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻣﻘﺑﻭﻝ ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻟﻭ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ‪ 73‬ﺍﻭ ‪ 67‬ﻓﻳﺟﺏ ﺗﻐﻳﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻧﻘﻡ ﺑﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ‪ db‬ﺣﺗﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺻﻝ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ %80‬ﻭﺣﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺧﺫ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻝ ‪db‬ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻌﻰ )‪(b‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ‪ AWS‬ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻯ ﻋﻳﺏ ﺳﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺣﺟﻣﻪ ﻳﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻠﻭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﺳﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ‪. %80‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻧﺎﺗﺟﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﻪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.۲‬‬
 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻳﺎﺿﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪.۱‬‬

‫‪H SKIP = T tan Ѳ‬‬

‫‪1st leg =T/cosɵ‬‬

‫‪1st leg‬ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻧﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻟﻧﻔﺣﺹ‬

‫ﺍﻝ ‪ root‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺍﻝ ‪cap‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻛﺱ ﺻﺣﻳﺢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪.۲‬‬

‫‪F SKIP = 2T tan Ѳ‬‬

‫‪2nd leg =2T/cosɵ‬‬

‫‪ 2nd leg‬ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻧﻘﻑ ﻋﻧﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻧﻔﺣﺹ ﺍﻝ ‪cap‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻣﺩﻯ )ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ (‬ ‫‪.۳‬‬

‫)‪Range = 1.2 ×(2T/cosɵ‬‬

‫‪range =100‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺯﻳﺩ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﺍﻝ ‪range‬ﻋﻥ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻋﻁﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ‪range =125‬‬
 Tel. & Fax: 064-3348386
Mobile : 01004063460
Address : 208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt
E - Mail : mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com

‫ﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﻁﺣﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻳﺏ ﻣﻥ ﻣﺭﻛﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻘﻁﻪ ﺧﺭﻭﺝ‬ .٤

.(exit point) ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ‬

Surface distance (SD) = sound path (SP)× sin ɵ

( ‫ﻋﻣﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ) ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ‬ .٥

Depth of defect (d) = sound path × cos ɵ

( ‫ﻋﻣﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ) ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺣﺹ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬ .٦

Depth of defect (d) = 2T -(sound path × cos ɵ)

 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ‪AWS‬‬

‫‪ shear wave‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻳﻣﻪ ﻻﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﻛﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﻁ ‪initial peak‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻧﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺧﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﻪ ﻓﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺑﻭﻝ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻁﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻛﻭﺩ ‪AWS D1.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﻭ‬
‫‪D=a-b-c‬‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺗﺷﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻭﺟﺩ ‪ 4‬ﻓﺋﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺳﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫‪Cass A‬ﺍﻯ ﻋﻳﺏ ﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺋﻪ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﺑﻐﺽ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Class B‬ﺍﻯ ﻋﻳﺏ ﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺋﻪ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
‫‪ 20‬ﻣﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Class C‬ﺍﻯ ﻋﻳﺏ ﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺋﻪ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
‫‪ 50‬ﻣﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Class D‬ﺍﻯ ﻋﻳﺏ ﻳﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺋﻪ ﻓﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﻘﺑﻭﻝ ﺑﻐﺽ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺗﻅﻬﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ % 80‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻭ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻝ ‪ initial‬ﻓﻬﻧﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﻟﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ‬
‫‪ %80‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﻪ ﻓﻳﺗﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ %80‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺑﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻳﻣﻪ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪ %80‬ﻓﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪%80‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺗﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺧﻔﺽ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻘﺹ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻳﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﻪ ﻣﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﻭﻟﻳﺱ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﻟﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪.‬ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﻭ‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪ %80‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻳﺷﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺣﺟﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﺔ ‪ v2‬ﻭﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﺏ ‪ 1.59‬ﻣﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻣﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﻭﻟﻭ ﻁﺑﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺳﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ‪. class A‬‬
‫‪CATTENUITION FACTOR‬‬

‫)‪C=((SOUND PATH IN INCH -1)×2‬‬

‫𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔‬
‫(=‪C‬‬ ‫)𝟏𝟏 ‪−‬‬ ‫)𝟐𝟐 ×‬
‫𝟒𝟒‪𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺿﻌﻑ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻘﺹ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺿﻣﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺍﻟﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺕ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺣﺳﺏ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ ‪ sound path‬ﻟﻠﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺗﻡ ﺿﺑﻁ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻧﺩ‬
‫‪ %80‬ﻭﺣﺻﻠﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻳﻣﻪ ‪.a‬‬
 ‫‪Tel. & Fax:‬‬ ‫‪064-3348386‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪01004063460‬‬
‫‪Address :‬‬ ‫‪208 st. El-Makhbaz El-Ally ,el salam district front of second PD , Ismailia, Egypt‬‬
‫‪E - Mail :‬‬ ‫‪mohamedfawzy07@hotmail.com‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻧﺎ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﻭﻋﻣﻘﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻘﻁﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺻﻁﻁﺩﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﻭﺗﺭﺗﺩ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ‪ 3‬ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﻋﻳﺑﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺣﺟﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻌﺎ ﻉ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻕ ‪...‬ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺑﻳﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﻋﻳﺑﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺣﺟﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻕ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺩﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻻﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﻕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻫﻣﻳﻪ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﺿﻣﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻘﻳﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻛﻭﺩ ‪AWS D1.1‬‬

‫‪ /3‬ﻋﻳﺑﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻣﺎ ﺣﺟﻡ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺩﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﺍﻻﻛﺑﺭ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺩﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻐﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﺗﺩﺭﺏ‬

‫‪ /1‬ﻟﻭ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻋﻳﻧﺗﺎﻥ ﺳﻣﻛﻬﻣﺎ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻡ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻳﺏ ﺣﺟﻣﻪ ‪ 0.8‬ﻣﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻕ‬
‫‪ 12‬ﻣﻡ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻳﺏ ﺣﺟﻣﻪ ‪ 0.5‬ﻣﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻕ ‪ 15‬ﻣﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺑﻳﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ؟‬

‫‪ /2‬ﻟﻭ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻋﻳﻧﺗﺎﻥ ﺳﻣﻛﻬﻣﺎ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻡ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻳﺏ ﺣﺟﻣﻪ ‪ 0.4‬ﻣﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻕ‬
‫‪ 12‬ﻣﻡ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻳﺏ ﺣﺟﻣﻪ ‪ 0.9‬ﻣﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻕ ‪ 15‬ﻣﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺑﻳﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻉ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ؟‬

‫‪b‬ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻌﻰ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﻪ ‪reference level‬‬

‫ﻫﻰ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻙ ﻋﻧﺩ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ﻳﻌﻧﻰ ﻟﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺱ ‪ 70‬ﻧﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﻭﻛﻪ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺞ ‪ 70‬ﻭﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻉ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﻭﻧﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺩ ‪ % 80‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻭﻋﻧﺩ ﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ %80‬ﻧﺎﺧﺩ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻰ ‪b‬‬

‫ﺗﻛﺗﺏ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ‪Gain or GN or db‬‬

‫ﻧﻼﺣﻅ ﺍﻥ ‪ b‬ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﺭﺓ‬

‫‪ %80‬ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ a and c‬ﻧﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻣﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﻧﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻣﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﺳﻳﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺟﻌﻝ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻳﺏ ﻋﻧﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔﻟﻠﻌﻳﺏ )‪. (sound path‬‬