Physics

Assignment NO 2

NAME : Saim Bhatti

ROLL NO : 70104547
SECTION : 1I

SUBMITTED TO : Sir Asif

Topic :
Numerical :
Question no 1 :
A point charge of +3.12 x 10-6 C is 12.3 cm from 2nd charge 1.48 × 10-6 C.
Calculate magnitude of force?
Solution:
Given that
Magnitude of charge q1 = 3.12 × 10-6 C

Magnitude of charge q2 = 1.48 × 10-6 C

Distance r = 12.3 cm =0.123m.

ke is the coulomb’s constant, ke = 8.99 × 109 N.m2 / C2 ,

The formula is :

F = ke . (|𝑞1 . 𝑞2|)/𝑟2
Now insert the values in formula :
F = (8.99 × 109) . ((3.12 × 10^ − 6). (1.48 × 10^ − 6) )/(0.123)2

F = (8.99 × 109) . (4.6176 × 10^ − 12)/0.015129

F = (8.99 × 109 ) . 3.05 × 10-10
F = 2.74 N

Final answer :
The magnitude of the electrostatic force between the two charges is
approximately 2.74 N

Question no 2 :

What must be distance between point charge q1 = 26.3 uC and charge q2 =

47.1 uC in order that force between them is 5.66 N?

Solution :
Given that :
Magnitude of charge q1 = 26.3 µC = 26.3 × 10-6 C

Magnitude of charge q2 = 47.1 µC = 47.1 × 10-6 C

F = 5.66 N

Distance = r = ?

Formula :

r2 = (𝑘𝑒 . |𝑞1 . 𝑞2|)/𝐹

r2 = √((𝑘𝑒 |𝑞1 . 𝑞2|)/𝐹)

Now putting the values :
r = √(((8.99 × 10^9 ). (26.3 × 10^(−6) ) . (47.1 × 10^(−6)))/5.66)

r = √(((8.99 × 10^(−9) ) . (1.238 × 10^(−9)))/5.66)

r = √(11.13/5.66)
r = √(1.97 )
r = 1.4m
Final answer :
The distance between the two charges must be approximately 1.4 meters in order
for the force between them to be 5.66 N.

Question NO 3 :

: In the return stroke of typical lightning bolt, a current 2.5 x 104 a flows for
20 us how much charge is transferred?
Solution :
Given :
Current, I = 2.5 × 104 A
Time, t = 20 µs = 20 × 10-6 s
Formula :
Q=I×T
Now insert values :
Q = (2.5 × 104 ) × (20 × 10-6 )
Q = 2.5 × 20 × 10 4-6
Q = 50 × 10-2 C
Q = 0.50 C
Final result :
So, the charge transferred during the return stroke of the lightning bolt is 0.50
coulombs.

Question No 4 :
: Calculate the magnitude of electric field due to electric dipole moment 3.56 × 10-29 C-m at a
point 25.4 nm away along bisector axis?

Solution :
Given:
Dipole moment p = 3.56 × 10-29 C . m
Distance r = 25.4nm =25.4 × 10-9 m
Permittivity of free space ∈0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 /N . m2

Formula :
E = 1/4𝜋ɛ0 × 2𝑝/(𝑟3 )
Putting values :
E = 1/█(4𝜋 × (8.85 × 10^(−12) )) × (2 × (3.56 × 10^(−29)))/(25.4 ×
10^(−9) )3
E = 9 × 10-9 × (2 × (3.56 × 10^(−29)))/(25.4 × 10^(−9) )3
E = 9 × 10-9 × 4.37 × 10-3
E ≈ 3.93 × 107 N/C

Final answer :
The magnitude of the electric field due to the dipole at the given point is
approximately 3.93 × 107 N/C

Question NO 5 :
Calculate dipole moment of electron and proton 4.3 nm apart?
Solution :
Given:
 is the dipole moment
Q is the charge of the particle value = 1.602
d = 4.3nm = 4.3 × 10-9
Formula :
=q.d

Now we calculate the dipole moment :

µ = ( 1.602 × 10-19 C ) . (4.3 x 10-9 m)
µ = 6.889 x 10-28 C .m

Final result :

µ = 6.89 × 10-28 C . m

This is the dipole moment for the system of an electron and a proton separated by
4.3 nm.

Question NO 6 :
What is the magnitude of point charge, chosen so that electric field 75 cm away
has value 2.3 N/C?
Answer :
Given :
E = 2.3N/C
r = 0.75m
k = 8.99 × 109 N . m2/ C2
Formula :
Er2
|q| =
𝐾

Substituting values :
(2.3)× (0.75)2
|q| = 8.99 × 109

1.29375
|q| =
8.99 × 109

|q| ≈ 1.44 * 10-10 C

• Final answer :
The magnitude of the point charge required to produce an electric field of 2.3
N/C at a distance of 75cm is approximately.

|q| ≈ 1.44 ×10-10 C

• Question No 7:

As two equally charged particles held 3.20 mm are released from rest, the initial
acceleration of 1" particles is 722 m/s and that of 2"d particle is 9.16 m/s. The
mass of 1" particle is 6.31 × 10-7 kg
(a) Find mass of 2"d particle (b) the magnitude of common charge?
Solution :
Given :
The distance between the two particles r= 3.20mm = 3.20 x 10-3 m
Initial acceleration of particle 1 : a1 = 722m/s2
Initial acceleration of particle 2 :a2 = 9.16m/s2
Mass of particle 1 m1 = 6.31 x 10-7 kg

F1 = m1 . a1 and F2 = m2 . a2
F1 = F2
Formula :
𝑘| 𝑞1 𝑞2|
F=
𝑟2

K= 8.99 x 109 N . m2/C2

𝑘𝑞2
F=
𝑟2
𝑚1 . 𝑎1
m2 =
𝑎2

putting values :
722𝑚
(6.31 × 10−7 𝑘𝑔) . ( )
𝑠2
m2 = 9.16𝑚
𝑠2

4.552 × (10−4 )
m2 =
9.16

m2 ≈ 4.97 x 10-5 kg
Thus, the mass of particle 2 is approximately:
m2 ≈ 4.97 x 10-5 kg
 𝑘𝑞2
F1 =
𝑟2

𝑘𝑞2
M1 .a1 =
𝑟2
𝑚1 .𝑎1 .𝑟2
q2 =
𝑘

putting values :
722𝑚
(6.31 × 10−7 𝑘𝑔) . ( ). (3.20 × 10−3 𝑚 )2
2 𝑠2
q = 8.99 × (109 )

4.554 × (10−9 )
q2 = 8.99 × 109

q2 ≈ 5.07 x 10-19

q = √5.07 × (10−19 ) = 7.12 x 10-10 C

q = 7.12 x 10-10 C

Question NO 8 :
A 115 KeV electron is fired directly towards a large flat plastic sheet that has a
surface charge density -2.08 uC/m'. From what distance must the electron be fired
if it is just to fail to strike the sheet?
Answer :
Given :
The kinetic energy of the electron = k 115 keV = 115 x 103 eV
𝜎 = -2.80 µC/m2 = -2.08 x 10-6 C/m2
e = 1.602 x 10-19 C
me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
∈0 = 8.85 x 10-12 C2/N . m2
E = 1.84 x 10-14 J

Formula :
𝜎
E sheet =
2ε0

Putting values :
−2.08 × (10−6 )
E sheet =
2 × 8.85 × (10−12 )

E sheet = -1.18 x 105 N/C

F = e E sheet
F = (1.602 x 10-19 C ) x (1.18 x 105 N/C )
F = 1.89 x 10-14 N

Now :
W=F.d
W=E
F.d=E
𝐸
d=
𝐹

1.84 × (10−14 )
d=
1.89 × (10−14 )

d = 0.974 m
Final answer :
The electron must be fired from a distance of approximately 0.974 meters (or
about 97.4 cm) from the sheet in order to just fail to strike the sheet.

Question No 9 :
A proton orbits with a speed 294 km/s just outside a charged sphere of radius
1.13 cm. Find charge on sphere?
Answer :
Given :
Orbital speed of the proton, v = 294km/s = 294 x 103 m/s
Radius of the sphere, r= 1.13cm = 1.13 x 10-2 m
The proton's mass, m p = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
The charge of the proton, qp. = 1.602 x 10-19 C
Coulomb's constant, k = 8.99 x 109 N . m2/C2

Formula :
𝑚𝑝𝑣2
F centripetal =
𝑟

Electrostatic force :

𝑘 | 𝑞𝑝 𝑄 |
F electrostatic =
𝑟2

• Qp = 1.602 x 10-19 C
• K = 8.99 x 109 N . m2/C2

𝑚𝑝𝑣2 𝐾 |𝑞𝑝𝑄|
=
𝑟 𝑟2
𝐾 |𝑞𝑝𝑄|
Mpv2 =
𝑟
 𝑚𝑝𝑣2𝑟
Q=
𝑘𝑞𝑝

Putting values :
(1.67 × (10−27 )× (294 × 103 )× (1.13 × 10−2 )
Q= (8.99 × 109 )× (1.602 × 10−19 )

1.63 × (10−18 )
Q=
1.44 × (10−9 )

= 1.13 x 10-9 C

Final answer :
The charge on the sphere is approximately:
Q = 1.13 x 10-9 C

Question NO 10 :
An electric dipole consists of charges of magnitude 1.48 nC separated by 6.23 um.
It is in electric field of 1100 N/C.
(a) Calculate the magnitude of dipole moment
(b) What is difference in PE corresponding to dipole orientation parallel and anti-
parallel to field?

Answer :
Given :
Magnitude of each charge q = 1.48nC = 1.48 x 10-9 C
Separation between the charges: d= 6.23 µm = 6.23 x 10-6 m
Electric Field E = 1100N/C

a) P = q . d
 Putting values :
P= (1.48 x 10-9 C ) . ( 6.23 x 10-6 m )
P = 9.24 x 10-15 C . m
b) U=-p.E

U anti-parallel = -p . E cos (180) = p. E

Δ U = U anti-parallel – U parallel = p . E – (-p . E)

Δ U = 2p . E
Δ U = 2 x (9.24 x 10-15 ) . (1100)
Δ U = 2.03 x 10-11. J

Question no 11 :
: In a crystal of salt an atom of sodium transfers one of its electrons to atom of chlorine. The
resulting +ve Na and -ve Cl ion attracts each other. Calculate force of attraction if r = 282 pm?

Solution:

Given :

R = 282pm = 282 x 10-12 m

q1 = 1.602 × 10-19 C

q2 = 1.602 x 10-19 C

F=?

Formula :
 𝑞1 𝑞2
F=K
𝑟2

The value of K is = 9 x 10-9 Nm2 C-1

(1.602 ×10−19 )×(1.602 ×10−19 )

F = (9 × 109) (282 ×10−12 )2

(9 × 109) ( 3.23 × 10-19)

F = 2.91 × 10-9

Final answer :

F = 2.91 × 10-9 N

Question NO 12 :
: Find total charge in coulombs of 75 kg of electrons?

Solution :

We know that mass of electron

M = 9.1 × 1031

E = 1.6 x 10-19

Formula :
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Number of electron =
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛

75
Number of electron = 9.1 ×10−31

= 8.24 × 10-31

So, total charge is = Number of electron × charge of electron

= 8.24 × 1031 × 1.6 × 10-19

Total charge = 1.32 × 1013

Final Answer :

Total charge = 1.32 × 1013

Question No 13 :
: A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 1.22 m radius has surface charge density 8.13 uC m-2

(a) Find the charge on sphere.

(b) What is the electric flux leaving surface?

(c) Calculate electric field at the surface of sphere?

Solution :

Given :

r = 1.22 m

α = 8.13 µCm-2 = 8.13 × 10-2 Cm-2

q= ?

Q=?

E=?

q=α×A

= α × πr
=( 8.13 × 10-6 ) ( 3.24 ) (1.22)2

Q = 3.79 × 10-5

Ø= 𝑞
𝜀0

(3.79 × 10−5 )
(8.85 × 1012 )

Ø = 43.88 VS
𝛼
E=
𝜀0

8.13 × (10−6 )
8.85 × (10−12 )

F = 92.06 N

Final answer :

F = 92.06 N

Question NO 14 :
: The electric field just above the surface of the charged drum of photocopying machine has
magnitude of electric field 2.3 x 105N/C. What is the surface charge density on the drum if it is
conductor?

Solution :

Given:

E = 2.3 × 105 NC-1

α= 𝜀×E

= ( 8.85 × 10-12 ) ( 2.3 × 105 )

α = 2.04 × 10-6

Final answer :

α = 2.04 × 10-6

Question No 15 :
The magnitude of electric field normally present in earth atmosphere just above the surface of
earth is 150 N/C directed downward. What is net surface charge density assume that earth is a
conductor?

Solution :
Given :
E = 150 NC-1
𝜎=?
So,
Formula :
𝜎
E =
𝜀0

𝜎 = 𝜀0 × E
(8.85 × 10-12 ) (150)
𝜎 = 1.3 × 10-9 C/m2

Final answer :
The net surface charge density on Earth is approximately:
𝜎 = 1.3 × 10-9 C/m2
Question NO 16 :
A hypothetical closed cylinder of radius R is immersed in a uniform electric field E, the cylinder
axis being parallel to the field. Find electric flux for this closed surface?

Solution :
Given :
E is the electric field vector
D A is the differential area vector, which points normal to the surface
The integral is taken over the entire closed surface S
Formula :
ΦE = ∫0 E .d A
the flux through the curved surface is zero
Φ curved = 0
Φ total faces = 2. E . πR2
ΦE = Φ curved + Φ total faces = 0 + 2 . E . πR2
Φ E= 2EπR2

Final answer :
The electric flux through the closed cylindrical surface is:
Φ E= 2EπR2

Question NO 17:
A molecule of water vapour has an electric dipole moment P = 6.2 x 10-30 C-m (a)
How far apart are the effective centres of positive and negative charge in a
molecule of H2O (b) what is the maximum torque on a molecule of H2O in electric
field of 1.5 x 10-4 N/C. (c) Suppose that dipole moment of a molecule of H2O is
initially pointing in a direction opposite to the field. How much work is done by
the electric field in rotating the molecule into alignment with the field ?
Solution :
Given :
P = 6.2 × 10-30 C
E = 1.5 × 10-4 NC-1
Ɵ = 1800
Ɵ = 00
D=?

Formula :
P=q×d
𝑝
=d
𝑞

6.2 ×(10−30 )
D=
1.5 ×(10−4 )

D = 4.13 × 10-26
Τ= p × d
= (6.2 × 10-30) (4.13 × 10 -26)
Τ= 2.56 × 10-55
ω= -PE ( cos Ɵ2 – cos Ɵ1 )
= -(6.2 × 10-30) (1.5 × 10-4) (cos (00) – cos (1800))
=(-9.3 × 10-34 ) (1 + 1)
= (9.3 × 10-34 ) . 2
ω = -1.86 × 10-33

FINAL ANSWER :
the work done by the electric field in rotating the molecule is
ω = -1.86 × 10-33