IT WORKSHOP

LABORATORY

Course Code :
I B.Tech. I Semester

FACULTY LAB MANUAL

Prepared By
Mrs. T GANGA BHAVANI
M.Tech.,(Ph.D)
Assistant Professor
Department of Information Technology

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
1-378, ABD Road, Surampalem, Near Peddapuram, Kakinada Dist., A.P.–533437, India.
Phone: 08852 - 252233,Fax: 08852 – 252233
Website: www.pragati.ac.in
email: pragati@pragati.ac.in
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DEPARTMENT VISION
To attain academic excellence in the field of Information Technology and research
serving to the needs of the society through technological developments.

DEPARTMENT MISSION

M1: To create stimulating learning ambiance by providing state-of-art infrastructure

and to induce innovative and problem-solving capabilities to address societal
challenges.

M2: To impart quality technical education with professional team to make the graduates
globally competent to IT Enabled Services.

M3: To strengthen industry-academia relationship for enhancing research capabilities.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

PEO 1: To have a successful career in IT as researchers, entrepreneurs and IT

professionals satisfying the needs of the society.

PEO 2: To motivate students towards higher education and incline them towards
continuous learning process.

PEO 3: To inculcate professional ethics of IT industry and prepare them with effective
soft skills essential to work in teams.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

PO1: Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
PO2: Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design / Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4: Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based knowledge
and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and

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interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid

conclusions.
PO5: Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and
modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.
PO6: The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the
professional engineering
solutionsinsocietalandenvironmentalcontextsanddemonstratetheknowledgeofand
needfor sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and Teamwork: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make
effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Exercise Page
Number Program Name No.

PC Hardware & Software Installation

Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its

1 functions. Draw the block diagram of the CPU along with the 5-13
configuration of each peripheral and submit to your instructor.
Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working
2 condition. Lab instructors should verify the work and follow it up with a
Viva. Also students need to go through the video which shows the 14-16
process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course
content.
Every student should individually install MS windows, Linux / BOSS on
3 the personal computer. This computer should have windows installed.
The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both 18-31
Windows and Linux / BOSS Lab instructor should verify the
installation and follow it up with a Viva.
Internet & World Wide Web

Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to

4 their Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they
configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally students should demonstrate, to the 32-33
instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet
connectivity preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate
the WWW on the LAN.
Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers
5 with the LAN proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up 34-35
blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets
should be configured.
Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search
6 engines are and how to use the search engines. A few topics would be 36-37
given to the students for which they need to search on Google. This
should be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.
Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the
7 internet and would be asked to configure their computer to be safe on 38-39
the internet. They need to customize their browsers to block pop ups,
block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.
WORD
Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of Microsoft
8 (MS) office or equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of MS office or
equivalent (FOSS) tool Word as word Processors, Details of the four 40-41
tasks and features that would be covered in each, Using word –
Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources,
rulers, format painter in word.
Using Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered:-
9 Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, 42-43
Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and
Footer, Using Date and Time option in Word.
Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles,
10 Inserting table, Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell 44-47
alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check, Track Changes.
Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content,
11 Newspaper columns, Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and 48-54
Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail Merge in
word.
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EXCEL

Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, 55-56

12 Summation, auto fill, Formatting Text.
Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae
13 in excel – average, std. deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting 57-61
worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function.
POWER POINT

Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which
14 help them create basic power point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide 62-63
Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and
Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.
Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, 64-65
15 Audio, Video, Objects, Tables and Charts.
Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic,
16 presentation, slideslotter, notes etc), and Inserting – Background, textures, 66-67
Design Templates, Hidden slides.
AI TOOLS – ChatGPT

Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see

17 how the model responds. Try asking questions, starting conversations, or
even providing incomplete sentences to see how the model completes 68
them.
 Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please answer the
following question: What is the capital of France?"
Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the
18 beginning of a story or a description of a scene, and let the model
generate the rest of the content. This can be a fun way to brainstorm
creative ideas 69
 Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working,
people started floating upwards. Write a story about how society
adapted to this new reality."
Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a
19 sentence in one language and asking the model to translate it into another
language. Compare the output to see how accurate and fluent the 70-72
translations are.
 Ex: Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French:
'Hello, how are you doing today?'"

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EXERCISE 1 :
AIM: Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its
functions. Draw the block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of
each peripheral and submit to your instructor.

PROGRAM :

Software Requirement: No Software Required.

Hardware Requirement: Desired Configuration for the above task is

• System unit
• CPU
• Mother Board
• FDD
• CD ROM Drive
• HDD
• Ethernet Card
• Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse & Speakers

Safety Precautions:

1. Beware of electrostatic discharge (ESO)

2. Build computer on a hard surface, away from concepts.
3. Wear shoes and the short sleeved cotton wear.
4. Use Phillips, head screw driver.
5. Keep the components away from moisture.
6. Avoid using pressure while installing.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER

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Peripherals of a computer:

1. Cabinet:
• It is used to install all hardware devices like(mother board,
SMPS, HDD, CD Rom, FDD)
• It has Start, Restart Button, Led’s, Audio and USB
Connecters are available at front side.

2. Monitor:

• Monitor of a computer is like a television screen.

• It displays text characters and graphics in colors or in
shades of grey.
• The monitor is also called as screen or display or CRT
(cathode ray tube). In the monitor the screen will be
displayed in pixels format.

3. Key Board:

1. 800 by 600 pixels

2. 1024 by 768 pixels

• Key board is like a type writer, which contains keys to feed the data or
information into the computer

• Keyboards are available in two modules.

These are standard key board with 83-88
keys enhanced key board with 104 keys or above

4. Mouse:

a. Every mouse has one primary button (left

button) and one secondary button (right
button).
b. The primary button is used to carry out most
tasks, where as secondary button is used in
special cases you can select commands and
options

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5. Printer:

a. A device that prints images (numbers, alphabets, graphs, etc…) on paper is

known as Printer.
b. We have different types of printers to take printouts. These are as follows:

i.Dot matrix printer ii. Inkjet printer

4. Speakers:

a. Speakers make your system much more

delightful to use entertain you while you
are working on computer

5. Scanner: Scanner used to scan images and text.

6. System board/Motherboard

a. This is the major part of the PC hardware

b. It manages all transactions of data between CPU peripherals.
c. which holds the Processor, Random Access Memory and other parts, & has slots
for expansion cards
d. It is rectangle shape

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7. Socket 478:

It use 478 – PIN MICROPGA package it is

used installing CPU It is square type design.

8. CPU

a. The central processing unit contains the heart of

any computer, the processor. The processor is
fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board
contains various components, which support the
functioning of a PC.
b. It is brain of the computer
c. It is square shape

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9. Ram Slots:

a. Ram slots are used to install the rams

b. It is large rectangle shape and each ending has small clips.
c. There two type ram slots
d. SD Ram ----------Two Gaps (synchronous DRAM) is a generic name for various
kinds of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that are synchronized with
the clock speed that the microprocessor is optimized for. This tends to increase
the number of instructions that the processor can perform in a given time.
e. DDR Ram ----- One Gap (Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM: A clock is used
to read data from
a DRAM. DDR memory reads data on both the rising and falling edge of the
clock, achieving a faster data rate.)

10. North Bridge:

a. It is also called as controller

b. It is nearby socket 478
c. It placed middle of the mother board
d. It converts electronic signals to binary values
and binary values to electronic signals

11. South Bridge:

a. It is controls major components mother board and it back

bone of the input out devices
b. It is communicates PCI slots, IDE-1, IDE-2, floppy
connecter, BIOS chip.
c. It nearby CMOS battery

12. CMOS Battery:

a. Computer is using a coin shape battery

b. It generates the clock signal and it manage
system continues time.

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13. Primary & Secondary (IDE-1 & IDE-2):

a. It is also called as IDE-1, IDE-2.

b. It used to connecting Hard Disk Drive, CD ROM,
DVD ROM.

14. Input & Output ports:

a. IO ports are used to connecting IO device such as key boards, mouse,

monitor, printer, scanner, speakers etc...

15. AGP Slot & AGP Card:

a. AGP Slot is used install the AGP card.

b. AGP back view same as VGA port (15-female pins) and used to connecting the
monitor’s c. This slot is above PCI slots and its color is Black or Brown

16. CI Slots &PCI (Expansion) Cards:

a. PCI slots are used to install the PCI cards such as

i. LAN (Ethernet) Card---Back view Ethernet port

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ii. Sound Card- Back view Audio pin connectors)

iii. TV Tuner (Internal) Card - Dish Pin

connecter
iv. PCI Slots are white or yellow color
v. PCI Card has Single gap only

17. BIOS Chip:

a. BIOS controls how the operating system and
hardware wok together
b. BIOS identification is BIOS name is
available on chip or mother board

18. ATX Power connecter:

a. ATX power connecter is used to connect ATX

power plug (This is from SMPS)
b. It is white color and it has ATX Name is
available on Mother Board
c. ATX Power connecter has 20/24 pins
available.

d. Typical ATX 1.3 power supply. From left to right, the connectors are 20-pin
motherboard, 4-pin "P4connector", fan RPM monitor (note the lack of a power
wire), SATA power connector (black), "Molex connector" and floppy connector.

19. Floppy connecter:

a. Floppy connecter is used to connect Floppy

Disk Drive.
b. This is beside of ATX power connecter
and Name FDD is available on the mother
board.

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20. Bus Cables or Data cables:

a. Bus is a collection device cables are two types of wires through which data is
transmitted from one device to another
b. IDE cable: it used to connect HDD, CD ROM, DVD ROM
c. FDD cable: it used to connect FDD (braking or manufacture defecting)

21. Hard Disk Drive:

a. The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer
b. The operating system, software titles and most other files are stored in the hard
disk drive
c. Identifications is the panel name is Hard Disk dive

22. CD ROM Drive & CD-Writer:

a. CD-Rom (Compact Disk Read only

Memory) Drive is a device that reads
the information from Compact Disks
(CD).
b. CD-Writer is used to write the data into
Compact Disks.
c. Identification is the panel name is CD
Writer

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23. Floppy Disk Drive:

a. The floppy disk drive is used to read the information stored in floppy disks.
b. Floppy disks also called as a diskette.
c. Identification is smaller than CD Writer.

24. SMPS:

a. SMPS is used to supply the power to Mother Board HDD,CD ROM, FDD
b. In SMPS holds a transformer, voltage control and fan
c. Identification is the rectangular box shape and panel name is switching
mode power supply.

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EXERCISE 2 :
AIM: Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working
condition. Lab instructors should verify the work and follow it up with a
Viva. Also students need to go through the video which shows the process
of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course content.

PROGRAM :

Assembling & Disassembling the System Hardware Components of the

Personal Computer

1. Setting the Cabinet ready:-

• Check how to open the cabinet and determine where to fix the
components.
• Determine if the case has the appropriate risers installed.

2. Fitting the Mother board.

• Line up the patch on the motherboard (ps/l, USB, etc ) with the
appropriate holes in the block panel I/O shield of the case.
• Check the points where you and to install
• Install them and make the mother board sit on them and fix screws if
required.

3. Installing the CPU

• Raise the small lever at the side of the socket.

• Notice that there is a pin missing at one corner, determine the direction
to fit in the processor.
• You should not force the CPU. When inserting it. All pins should
slide smoothly into the socket.
• Lock the lever back down.

4. Installing CPU fan

• Install the heat sink over it (Different type for each processor). Heat
sink
/CPU fan.

5. Fitting the RAM:

• The RAM must be suitable for motherboard.

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• There are currently 3 types of RAM available.

a) SD RAM.
b) DDR SD RAM.
c) RD RAM.
• The mother board‘s chipset determines which type of RAM may be used.

6. Installing SMPS
7. Installing the ATX Power Connector ATX Connectors:
• PS, Mouse.
• Key board.
• USB.
• Parallel ( Prints )
• Serial COM1.
• Serial COM 2.
• Joystick.
• Sound.

8. Installing the HDD and Floppy disk:

1. Place the floppy and hard disks in their slots.

2. Leave some space above HDD to prevent heat building.
3. Check the jumper configuration.
4. Fix the screws.

9. CD ROM Drive :
• CD-ROM drive is similar to installing a hard disk.
• 1st check that the jumper configuration is correct.
• Fix the screw.

10. LAN Card

11. Connecting the ribbon Cables and Front panel connections

• Attach the long end of the cable to the IDEU connector on the motherboard
first. The red stripe on the IDE cable should be facing the CD Power.

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12. Final Check:

• Mother board jumper configurations are the settings for the processor
operator.
• Drive jumper settings, master/ slave correct?
• Is the processor, RAM modules and plug in cards finally seated in their
sockets?
• Did you plug all the cables in? Do they all fit really?
• Have you frightened all the screws in plug- in cards or fitted the clips?
• Are the drive secure?
• Have u connected the power cables to all driver?
Powering up for the first time:
1. Ensure that no wires are touching the CPU heat sink fan.
2. Plug your monitor, mouse and keyboard.
3. Plug in power card and switch the power supply.
4. If everything is connected as it should be
• All systems, fans should start spinning
• U should hear a single beep and after about 5-10 sec
• Amber light on monitor should go green
• You will see computer start to boot with a memory check
• Now check front LED‘S to see if u plugged them in correctly
• Check all other buttons
• Power afford change any wrong settings

Why should one learn about hardware?

1. Troubleshoot you and save time.

2. Knowing about system internals and components.
3. Very easy installation for modern hardware.
4. Install extra memory.
5. Removing components.

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EXERCISE 3 :

AIM: Every student should individually install MS windows, Linux / BOSS on

the personal computer. This computer should have windows installed.
The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both
Windows and Linux / BOSS Lab instructor should verify the installation
and follow it up with a Viva.

PROGRAM :
Software Requirement: Windows XP Compact Disc Hardware Requirement:
Personal computer
PROCEDURE:
1. Keep on press the delete button and go to advanced BIOS feature [ BIOS-
Basic Input Output System ]
2. And go to boot sequence. Select first boot drivers. CD ROM and press F10 to
save the bios feature. Yes and then enter. Press any key to boot from CD.
Press enter to setup windows XP.
F8 = To agree the license.
3. Press ESC to don‘t repair the windows XP setup.
4. Press ‗p‘to delete the previous partitions. Then press enter.
5. Press ‗L‘to delete the partition.
6. Press ‗C‘to create the partition in the UN partition space.
7. Press enter to setup windows XP on the selected items.

BASIC FILE SYSTEMS:

FAT: File Allocation Table.

NTFS: New Technology File
System. Format the create
using NTFS partition.

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BASIC STEPS IN INSTALLATION:-

1. Collecting information.
2. Dynamic update
3. Preparing installation
4. Installing windows.
5. Tracking installation

Screen shots of windows XP Installation

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart your computer. If
prompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you miss the prompt (it
only appears for a few seconds), restart your computer to try again.

2. Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup, your

mouse will not work, so you must use the keyboard. On the
Welcome to Setup page, press ENTER.

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3. On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, read the

licensing agreement. Press the PAGEDOWN key to scroll to the
bottom of the agreement. Then press F8.

4. This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on which
Windows XP will be installed. Once you complete this step, all
data on your hard disk drive will be removed and cannot be
recovered. It is extremely important that you have a recent
backup copy of your files before continuing. When you have a
backup copy, press D, and then press L when prompted. This
deletes your existing data. Press ENTER to select Un
partitioned space, which appears by default.

5. Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using the

NTFS file system, which appears by default.

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6. Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process called

formatting and then copies the setup files. You can leave your
computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes.

7. Windows XP restarts and then continues with the installation

process. From this point forward, you can use your mouse.
Eventually, the Regional and Language Options page appears.
Click next to accept the default settings. If you are multilingual
or prefer a language other than English, you can change
language settings after setup is complete

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8. On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and

your organization name. Some programs use this information to
automatically fill in your name when required. Then, click Next.

9. On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as it

appears on your Windows XP CD case. The product key is unique
for every Windows XP installation. Then, click Next.

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10. On the Computer Name and Administrator Password page, in

the Computer name box, type a name that uniquely identifies
your computer in your house, such as FAMILYROOM or TOMS.
You cannot use spaces or punctuation. If you connect your
computer to a network, you will use this computer name to find
shared files and printers. Type a strong password that you can
remember in the Administrator password box, and then retype
it in the Confirm password box. Write the password down and
store it in a secure place. Click Next.

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11. On the Date and Time Settings page, set your computer‘s clock. Then,
click the
Time Zone down arrow, and select your time zone. Click Next.

12. Windows XP will spend about a minute configuring your computer. On

the
Networking Settings page, click Next.

13. On the Workgroup or Computer Domain page, click Next.

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14. Windows XP will spend 20 or 30 minutes configuring your computer and

will
automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings
dialog appears, click OK

15. When the Monitor Settings dialog box appears, click OK.

16. The final stage of setup begins. On the Welcome to

Microsoft Windows page, click Next.

17. On the Help protect your PC page, click Help protect my

PC by turning on Automatic Updates now. Then, click

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18. Windows XP will then check if you are connected to the

Internet: If you are connected to the Internet, select the choice
that describes your network connection on the Will this
computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a
network? Page. If you‘re not sure, accept the default selection,
and click Next

19. If you use dial-up Internet access, or if Windows XP cannot

connect to the Internet, you can connect to the Internet after
setup is complete. On the How will this computer connect
to the Internet? Page, click Skip.

20. Windows XP Setup displays the Ready to activate Windows?

Page. If you are connected to the Internet, click Yes, and then
click Next. If you are not yet connected to the Internet, click No,
click Next, and then skip to step 24. After setup is complete,
Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and
register your copy of Windows XP

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21. On the Ready to register with Microsoft? Page, click Yes, and then click
Next.

22. On the collecting registration information page,

complete the form. Then, click Next.

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23. On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name of
each person who will use the computer. You can use first names
only, nicknames, or full names. Then click Next. To add users
after setup is complete or to specify a password to keep your
account private, read Create and customize user accounts.

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24. On the Thank you! Page, click Finish.

Congratulations! Windows XP setup is

complete. TEST DATA: No Test data
for this Experiment ERROR: No
Errors for this Experiment
RESULT: Installation of Windows XP is completed.

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(B) To install Linux in system

Software Requirement: Linux Compact Discs

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

PROCEDURE:
1. Language Selection
□ Using your mouse select the language you would prefer to use for the
installation

□ Click next to continue.

2. Key Board Configuration:

□ Using your mouse select the correct layout type for the keyboard you
would prefer to use for the installation and as the system default.

□ Once you have made the selection click next to continue.

3. Mouse Configuration:

□ If you have a PS/2, USB or Bus mouse you do not need to pick a port and
device. If you have a serial mouse, you should choose the correct port and
device that your serial mouse is on.
□ The Emulate 3 buttons checkbox allows you to use a two-button mouse as
if it had three buttons. If you select this check box you can emulate a
third ―middleǁ button by pressing both mouse buttons simultaneously.
4. Installation Type:

□ Choose the type of installation you would like to perform.

□ Your options are Personal desktop, Workstation, Server, Custom and

upgrade

5. Disk partition Setup:

□ You can chose automatic partitioning or manual partitioning using Disk

Druid of fdisk.
□ Automatic partitioning allows you to perform an installation without having
to partition your drives yourself.

□ Automatic partitioning allows you to have some control concerning what

data is removed from your system.

□ Your options are:

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□ Remove all Linux partitions on this system.

□ Remove all partitions on this system
□ Keep all partitions and use existing free space.

□ To partition manually choose either Disk druid or fdisk partitioning tool.

□ Lick next once you have made your selections.

6. Partitioning your system:

□ If you chose automatic partitioning and did not select Review skip ahead
□ If you choose automatic partitioning and selected review you can either accept the
current partition settings (click next) or modify the setup using Disk Druid, the manual
partition tool.

□ If you choose manual partition with disk skip ahead.

 At this point you must tell the installation program where to install Linux. This
is done by defining mount points for one or more disk partitions in which Linux
will be installed.

7. Adding Partitions:

To add a new partition select new button, a dialogue box appears. Select the
options and click ok

8. Boot Loader Configuration:

Boot loader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts. The
installation program provides two boot loaders GRUB ( GR and Unified Boot
Loader) which is the default and LILO

If you do not want GRUB as your boot loader click Change Boot Loader.

You can then choose to install LILO or choose not to install boot loader at all by
clicking Do not install boot loader on the change boot loader button.

Network devices are automatically detected and displayed in Network Devices

list,
Select a network device and click Edit
Here you can configure IP address and net mask of the device.
9. Firewall configuration:

□ Offers firewall protection for enhanced protection.

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□ A properly configured firewall can greatly increase the security of the system.
10. Time zone configuration:
You can set your time zone by selecting your computers physical location
or by specifying your time zones offset from Universal Time.
11. Account Configuration:
□ Allows to set Root password or user accounts

□ Root count is similar to the administrator password that you set up in

Win NT.
□ Click add button to add a new non-rot user.
□ Enter the details and click OK.

12. Packing group selection:

You can select package groups which groups components together or
individual packages or a combination of the two.

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EXERCISE 4 :
AIM: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected
to their Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they
configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally students should demonstrate, to the
instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet
connectivity preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the
WWW on the LAN.

PROGRAM :

To learn Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure
the TCP/IP setting. Finally students should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to
access the websites and email
Software Requirement: Local Area Network to access the Internet

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:

The internet is a worldwide, publicly network of interconnected computer

networks
LOCAL AREA NETWORK:
LANs are privately owned networks with in a single building or campus of
up to few kilometers in size.
WIDE AREA NETWORK:
A WAN is a network that connects computers across a large
geographic area such as a city or country
TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):
Collection of methods used to connect servers on the internet and to
exchange data.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language):
The coding used to control the look of documents on the web

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HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):

Part of a url that identifies the location as one that uses HTML
IP (Internet Protocol):
A format for contents and addresses of packets of information sent
over the internet
IP ADDRESS:
An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network
SEARCH ENGINE:
A program that searches documents located on the Internet for keywords
or phrases entered by a person browsing the net.

Internet Connection requirements:

□ TCP/IP protocol
□ Client Software
□ ISP Account
Means of communication to the net:
□ Telephone Modem
□ Ethernet
□ ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)
□ DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)
□ Satellite.

PROCEDURE:

1. Go to start>control Panel
2. open Network Connections
3. Click create a new connection and then click next
4. The new connection wizard window opens , click next to continue
5. Choose one of the options in the next dialog box
6. Choose one of the three options in the next dialog box
□ If you do not have an internet account click choose from a list of
ISPs and then click next
□ If you have an account click Set up my connection manually
□ If you have a CD from the ISP click use the CD I got from an ISP
and then click next
Follow the next steps as per the option you selected.

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EXERCISE 5 :
AIM: Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers
with the LAN proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers.
Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets should be configured.

PROGRAM :

To learn to surf the web

Software Requirement: Local Area Network to access the Internet
Hardware Requirement: Personal computer
THEORY:
□ Web browser provides the means to the searching and also
helps to download the web content.

□ Web browsers support most of the famous Internet Protocols like

HTTP, FTP.

□ Common file formats a browser accepts are HTML

□ Well known browsers natively support a variety of other

formats in addition to HTML such as JPEG,PNG,GIF image
formats

□ Different web browsers available in the market are:

Bookmark:
□ Silversmith
□ Mosaic
□ Netscape
□ Mozilla
□ Opera
□ Lynx
□ Safari
Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks
which serve as a named anchor – primarily to URLs. The primary
purpose of this book mark is to easily catalog and access web pages that the
web browser user has visited or plans to visit, without having to navigate the
web to get there.

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Pop-up Blockers:
Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract
the attention of the users. These pop ups are hosted on the web sites
which are frequently visited by the netizens. These pop ups are activated
when these web sites open a new web browser window and there by
displaying the advertisements.
Plug-ins:
A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main
application to provide a better integration of the media. The basic
difference between application programs and plug-ins is that multimedia
files are launched in a separate window where as in plug-ins multimedia
play in the browser window.
Few famous plug -ins are:
□ Apple Quick Time
□ Macromedia flash
□ Microsoft Media Player
□ Adobe Shockwave
□ Sun Microsystems Java Applet

PROCEDURE:

LAN Proxy Settings:

□ select tools menu in Internet Explorer
□ Select Internet Options
□ Select Connections
□ You end up in two options

Dial-up and virtual network settings

LAN setting
□ The selection at this step is dependent on the kind of connection you
are trying to□configure. They are:
□ Dial-up modem connection
□ LAN connection
□ DSL or Cable modem

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EXERCISE 6 : Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search
engines are and how to use the search engines. A few topics would be given to
the students for which they need to search on Google. This should be
demonstrated to the instructors by the student.

AIM:

PROGRAM :

To know what search engines are and how to use the search
engines. Software Requirement: Local Area Network to access
the Internet Hardware Requirement: Personal computer
THEORY:
Search engine:
A search engine can be defined as a web site with tools which help
you to find information on the internet
Function of a search engine :
You can find anything from a schedule of White house tours to
instructions for removing stains from clothes.
Limitations :
Search engines visit web sites only several weeks. Search engines
cannot see information in other data bases later on.
On the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that
includes: A spider (crawler or bot) that goes to every page or
representative pages on every web site that wants to be searchable and
reads it , using hypertext links on each page to discover and read site‘s
other pages.
Pros :
□ You can select the search terms
□ You can use the same search terms with multiple search engines
□ You can change search terms as much as you wish
□ You will normally receive numerous links
□ Its fast

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Cons :

□ There are so many different search engines it may be difficult

to choose
□ You will normally receive too many links often making it difficult to
identify the most relevant sites.
□ The vast majority of links may be only marginally relevant
or altogether irrelevant
Ex:
□ Alta Vista
□ Ask Jeeves
□ Google
□ Lycos
Etc...

Meta Search Engines:

Meta search engines or ―metacrawlersǁ don‘t crawl the web themselves.
Instead they search the resources of multiple search engines by sending
a search to several search engines at once aggregating the result.
Pros:

□ You only need to use one search tool which is time- efficient
□ You only need to learn how to use one search engine reducing
learning curve
□ You benefit from the difference among several search tools at once

Cons:
□ Meta search services may not be able to leverage each individual
search engines full range of query tools resulting in less refined
searches

□ You can not personally select the search engines queried by Meta
search services.

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EXERCISE 7 :
AIM: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the
internet and would be asked to configure their computer to be safe on the
internet. They need to customize their browsers to block pop ups, block active
x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.

PROGRAM :

To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer

to be safe on the internet.
Software Requirement: Antivirus
Software Hardware Requirement:
Personal computer THEORY:
Antivirus:
Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your
computer or that you purchase and install yourself. It protects your
computer against most viruses, worms, Trojan horses and other
unwanted invaders that can make your computer sick.
Firewall:
A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private
computer network from unauthorized access. A firewall is a set of related
programs located at a network gateway server which protects the
resources of the private network from users from other networks.
PROCEDURE:
Installing Symantec antivirus for Windows:

□ Insert Symantec antivirus CD into your CD drive

□ Double click on the Symantec-setup.exe
□ The installer will open
□ Click next to proceed
□ License agreement will open. Click I accept the terms of
the license agreement and then click next.
□ Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.

Get Computer Updates:

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□ Click start> settings>control panel

□ Click Automatic Updates icon to open Automatic Updates dialog box
□ Check the box Keep my computer up to date
□ Choose a setting
□ Click OK
Block Pop ups:

□ In the IE open tools>pop-up blocker

□ Click on Turn on Pop- up blocker

Windows Firewall:
□Go to Start>control panel>Network and Internet Connections
>windows firewall

□ In the general tab check the On(recommended) box

□ If you don‘t want any exceptions check on Don’t allow
exceptions box

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EXERCISE 8 :
AIM: Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of Microsoft (MS)
office or equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of MS office or equivalent
(FOSS) tool Word as word Processors, Details of the four tasks and features
that would be covered in each, Using word – Accessing, overview of toolbars,
saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.

PROGRAM :

Tools:
Microsoft Word or equivalent FOSS word processor (e.g., LibreOffice Writer)

Overview of Microsoft Word or Equivalent FOSS Word Processor:

Microsoft Word and equivalent FOSS word processors are essential tools for creating,
editing, and formatting textual content. They offer a wide range of features that aid in
document creation and management.

Importance of MS Word or Equivalent FOSS Tool as Word Processors:

□ Word processors provide a user-friendly interface for creating and editing

documents efficiently.
□ They offer various formatting options to make documents visually appealing and
organized.
□ Word processors enable collaboration and sharing of documents, enhancing
productivity in a professional setting.
□ They facilitate easy storage and retrieval of documents, ensuring efficient
document management.

Tasks and Features to be Covered:

Task 1: Accessing the Word Processor
Open Microsoft Word or Equivalent FOSS Word Processor:
Launch the application from the desktop or Start menu.
Task 2: Overview of Toolbars and Interface
Understanding the Toolbar:
Explore the toolbar to familiarize yourself with various icons and their functions.
Accessing Help and Resources:
Click on the "Help" option to access help topics and resources for assistance.
Task 3: Document Creation and Formatting
Creating a New Document:

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Click on "File" > "New" to create a new blank document.

Using Rulers:

Show/hide rulers using the "View" menu to help with document formatting.
Applying Formatting:

Experiment with font styles, sizes, colors, and paragraph formatting to understand
their functions.

Using Format Painter:

Learn to copy formatting from one section of text to another using the Format
Painter tool.

Task 4: Saving and Managing Files

Saving a Document:

Click on "File" > "Save" to save the document to a specified location.

Saving As Different Formats:

Explore the "Save As" option to save the document in different file formats (e.g.,
.docx, .pdf).

Lab Procedure:
Open Microsoft Word or the equivalent FOSS word processor on your computer.
Familiarize yourself with the interface, toolbars, and menus.
Create a new document and experiment with various formatting options.
Use rulers for document alignment and experiment with the Format Painter tool.
Save the document to your preferred location and in different file formats.

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EXERCISE 9 :
AIM: Using Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered:-
Formatting Fonts in word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using
Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting Header and Footer, Using Date
and Time option in Word.

PROGRAM :

To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.

Software Requirement: MS-WORD

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:
Header and Footer:
1. To create a header, enter text or graphics in the header area or click
button on the header and footer tool bar.
2. To create footer, click switch between header and footer.
3. Then click exit.
Date and Time:

Insert a date field that automatically updates so that the current date is
displayed when you open or print the file.
Insert a time field that automatically updates so that the current time
is displayed when you open or print the file.
Border:

• On the format menu, click borders and shadings.

• To specify that the border appears on a particular side of a page, such

as only at the top, click custom under setting.

• To specify a particular page or section for the borders to appear,

click the option you want to apply.

• To specify the exact position of the border on the page. Finally, click OK.

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Color:

• Select the text you want to make a different color.

• To apply the color most recently applied to text, click font color.

• To apply different colors, click the arrow on the right of the font color
button, select the color you want and then click the button.

PROCEDURE:

First click start button on the status bar. Then select program and
again select Microsoft word. On the menu bar click the file option. Then
again click new. Then enter the text not less than 100 words. A header
appears at the top and the footer appears at the bottom of each page. On
the view menu, click header and footer option. From dialogue box, make
the required changes and then click OK. On the format menu, click
borders and shading s make required changes and the click OK. Select
the text you want and make the different color. Click on right of the font
color button, and then select the color you want and then click on the
button.

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EXERCISE 10 :
AIM: Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles,
Inserting table, Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment,
Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check, Track Changes.

PROGRAM :
To create a document applying the above mentioned techniques.
Software Requirement: MS-WORD
Hardware Requirement: Personal computer
THEORY:
Table:
A table consists of rows and columns.
Cell Alignment:
Aligns contents written in a table in the top left corner or top
right corner or in the center etc...
Foot Note:
Foot notes are used to comments on, or provide references for text in a
document.
Hyperlink:
It is a colored and underlined text or a graphic that you click to go to a file,
a location in a file, an HTML page on the World Wide Web, or an HTML page
in an intranet.

Symbols:
You may not be able to enter certain symbols into your word document, as
there is a limitation on the keys on the key board. Creating these new
symbols especially when working with mathematical terms it becomes very
difficult .For example we can insert symbols such as≡,≈, ,..
Spell check:
It automatically checks for spelling and grammatical errors

Bullets and Numbering:

In Microsoft word we can easily create bulleted or numbered list of items.

Formatting Styles:
o A style is a set of rules to be followed for the effective document.
o Style can be applied to text, paragraph, table or a list.

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Changing text direction:

You can change the text orientation in drawing objects, such as text
boxes, shapes, and callouts, or in table cells so that the text is displayed
vertically or horizontally.
Track changes:
A track change is an excellent feature of Microsoft word as it
enables a user or reviewer to keep track of the changes that have taken a
period. Changes like insertion, deletion or formatting changes can be kept
track of.
Procedure:
Changing Text direction:

1. Click the drawing object or table cell that contains the text you
want to change.
2. On the Format menu, click Text Direction.
3. Click the orientation you want.

Table:
1. Click where you want to create a table.
2. On the Table menu, point to Insert, and then click Table.
3. Under Table size, select the number of columns and rows.
4. Under AutoFit behavior, choose options to adjust table size.
5. To use a built-in table format, click AutoFormat.
Select the options you want

Cell Alignment:

1. Click the cell that contains text you want to align.

2. On the Tables and Borders toolbar, select the option for the
horizontal and vertical alignment you want— for example, Align
Bottom Center or Align Top Right.

Foot Note:
1. In print layout view, click where you want to insert the note
reference mark.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Reference, and then click Footnote.
3. Click Footnotes or Endnotes.
By default, Word places footnotes at the end of each page and
endnotes at the end of the document. You can change the
placement of footnotes and endnotes by making a selection in the
Footnotes or Endnotes box.

4. In the Number format box, click the format you want.

5. Click Insert.

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Word inserts the note number and places the insertion point
next to the note number.

6. Type the note text.

7. Scroll to your place in the document and continue typing.
As you insert additional footnotes or endnotes in the document, Word
automatically applies the correct number format.

Hyper link:

Select the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink, and
then click Insert Hyperlink on the Standard toolbar

Do one of the following:

1. Link to an existing file or web page:

1. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.

2. In the Address box, type the address you want to link to or,
in the Look in box, click the down arrow, and navigate to and
select the file

2. Link to a file you haven‘t created yet

Under Link to, click Create New Document.

3. In the Name of new document box, type the name of the new file.
4. Under When to edit, click either Edit the new document later
or Edit the new document now

An e-mail address:

1. Select the text or picture you want to display as the hyperlink,

and then click Insert Hyperlink on the Standard toolbar
2. Under Link to, click E-mail Address.
3. Either type the e-mail address you want in the E-mail address box,
or select an e-mail address in the recently used e-mail addresses
box.
4. In the Subject box, type the subject of the e-mail
message A specific location in another document

1. Insert a bookmark in the destination file or Web page.

2. Open the file that you want to link from, and select the text or
object you want to display as the hyperlink.
3. On the Standard toolbar, click Insert Hyperlink .
4. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.

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5. In the Look in box, click the down arrow, and navigate to and
select the file that you want to link to.
6. Click Bookmark, select the bookmark you want, and then click OK.
Symbol:

1. Click where you want to insert the symbol.

2. On the Insert menu, click Symbol, and then click the Symbols tab.
3. In the Font box, click the font that you want.
4. Double-click the symbol that you want to insert.
5. Click Close
Spell check:

1. On the Standard toolbar, click Spelling and Grammar .

2. When Word finds a possible spelling or grammatical problem,
make your changes in the Spelling and Grammar dialog box.

Bullets and Numbering:

1. Type 1. to start a numbered list or * (asterisk) to start a bulleted

list, and then press SPACEBAR or TAB.
2. Type any text you want.
3. Press ENTER to add the next list item.
Word automatically inserts the next number or bullet.

4. To finish the list, press ENTER twice, or press BACKSPACE to

delete the last bullet or number in the list

Formatting Styles:

1. Select the words, paragraph, list, or table you want to change.

2. If the Styles and Formatting task pane is not open, click Styles
and Formatting on the Formatting toolbar
3. Click the style you want in the Styles and Formatting task pane. If the
style you want is not listed, click All Styles in the Show box

Track Changes:

1. Open the document you want to revise.

2. On the Tools menu, click Track Changes

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EXERCISE 11 :
AIM: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content,
Newspaper columns, Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word
Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail Merge in word.

PROGRAM :

Create a news Letter

Software Requirement: MS-WORD
Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:
Table of contents:
Table of contents displays a list of headings in a created
document. It basically provides an outline of the entire document
created
Newspaper columns:
One can create a newspaper columns document by specifying the
number of new letter-style column required and then adjust their width ,
and add vertical lines between columns.
Images from files and clipart:
Inserting a picture (graphic) from a file and clipart may be required
for a document. This picture could be a scanned photograph or any other
digitally produced one. This pictures can be modified , resized, cropped
and enhanced.
Drawing toolbar and Word Art:
One can create his/her own drawings in Microsoft word. Ms word
provides a full fledged drawing tool bar.
Word Art in Microsoft word enables you to create special and decorative text.
Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs:

Formatting an image includes selecting appropriate color, size,

layout and cropping.
Generally the text in a document follows a standard orientation (line
after line). A text box provides a different orientation to the text with in a
document. It can arrange the text in anywhere and can be resized and
moreover moved to any section of the document or even outside.

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When you are formatting a paragraph, you do not need to highlight

the entire paragraph. Placing the cursor anywhere in the paragraph
enables you to format it. After you set a paragraph format, subsequent
paragraphs will have the same format unless you change the format

PROCEDURE:
Table of contents:

1. Click where you want to insert the table of contents.

2. On the Insert menu, point to Reference, and click Index and Tables.
3. Click the Table of Contents tab.
4. To use one of the available designs, click a design in the Formats box.
5. Select any other table of contents options you want.

Newspaper columns:

1. Select the entire or part of document to be converted into a newsletter-style

2. Click on format menu , select columns
3. Any desired number of columns are presets-one or two or three or left or right
b\can be selected.
4. Width and spacing can be fixed and equal columns width can be checked for
uniformity
5. If newspaper columns are to be separated by a line, then check line between
6. Under apply to will be whole document if entire document is selected else we
have to select a selected text.
7. Click ok

Inserting images from files and clip art:

1. Click where you want to insert the picture.
2. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click From File.
3. Locate the picture you want to insert.
4. Double-click the picture you want to insert.

CLIP ART:

1. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click Clip Art.
2. In the Clip Art task pane, in the Search for box, type a word or phrase
that describes the clip you want or type in all or some of the file name of
the clip.
3. To narrow your search, do one or both of the following:
To limit search results to a specific collection of clips, in the Search in
box, click the arrow and select the collections you want to search.
To limit search results to a specific type of media file, in the Results
should be box, click the arrow and select the check box next to the types
of clips you want to find.

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4. Click Go.
5. If you don't know the exact file name, you can substitute wildcard
characters for one or more real characters. Use the asterisk (*) as a
substitute for zero or more characters in a file name. Use the question mark
(?) as a substitute for a single character in a file name.

6. In the Results box, click the clip to insert it.

Drawing Toolbar and Word Art:

1. Click in your document where you want to create the drawing.

2. On the Insert menu, point to Picture, and then click New Drawing. A
drawing canvas is inserted into your document.
3. Use the Drawing toolbar to add any shapes or pictures that you want

WORD ART:
1. On the Drawing toolbar, click Insert WordArt .
2. Click the WordArt effect you want, and then click OK.
3. In the Edit WordArt Text dialog box, type the text you want.
4. Do any of the following:
□ To change the font type, in the Font list, select a font.
□ To change the font size, in the Size list, select a size.
□ To make text bold, click the Bold button.
□ To make text italic, click the Italic button.
Formatting Images:

1. Formatting of the images can be achieved by selecting the image and

double click on the picture, format picture dialog box appears.

2. The same can be achieved by selecting the tools menu > customize>tool
bars tab>picture and click close.

Basic formatting features of an image

Resize a drawing

1. Select the drawing canvas

2. On the Drawing Canvas toolbar, do one of the following:
o To make the drawing canvas boundary larger without changing the
size of the objects on the canvas, click Expand.
o To make the drawing canvas boundary fit tightly around the drawing objects
or pictures, click Fit .

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o To scale the drawing and make the objects and canvas proportionately
smaller or larger, click Scale Drawing, and then drag the edges of the
canvas.

Resize a picture or shape

1. Position the mouse pointer over one of the sizing handles

2. Drag the sizing handle until the object is the shape and size you want.
To increase or decrease the size in one or more directions, drag the
mouse away from or toward the center, while doing one of the following:

o To keep the center of an object in the same place, hold down

CTRL while dragging the mouse.
o To maintain the object's proportions, drag one of the corner
sizing handles.
o To maintain the proportions while keeping the center in the same
place, hold down CTRL while dragging one of the corner sizing
handles.

Crop a picture

1. Select the picture you want to crop.

2. On the Picture toolbar, click Crop .
3. Position the cropping tool over a cropping handle and then do one of the
following:
o To crop one side, drag the center handle on that side inward.
o To crop equally on two sides at once, hold down CTRL as you drag
the center handle on either side inward.
o To crop equally on all four sides at once, hold down CTRL as you
drag a corner handle inward.
4. On the Picture toolbar, click Crop to turn off the Crop command.

Text Box:

1. On the Drawing toolbar, click Text Box .

2. Click or drag in your document where you want to insert the text box
3. You can use the options on the Drawing toolbar to enhance a text
box— for example, to change the fill color— just as you can with any
other drawing object

Paragraphs: Change line spacing

Select the text you want to change.

1. On the Formatting toolbar, point to Line Spacing, and then do one

of the following:
o To apply a new setting, click the arrow, and then select the

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number that you want.

o To apply the most recently used setting, click the button.
o To set more precise measurements, click the arrow, click
More, and then select the options you want under Line
Spacing.

Change spacing before or after paragraphs

1. Select the paragraphs in which you want to change spacing.

2. On the Format menu, click Paragraph, and then click the Indents
and Spacing tab.
3. Under Spacing, enter the spacing you want in the Before or After box.
Change paragraph direction

1. Place the insertion point in the paragraph that you want to change, or
select several paragraphs.
2. Do one of the following:
o To have text begin from the left, click Left-to-Right on the
Formatting toolbar.
o To have text begin from the right, click Right-to-Left on the
Formatting toolbar.

When you change the paragraph direction, Microsoft Word leaves

justified and centered text as it is. In the case of left-aligned or right -
aligned text, Word flips the alignment to its opposite. For example, if you
have a left-to-right paragraph that is right aligned, such as the date at
the top of a letter, clicking Right-to-Left results in a right-to-left
paragraph that is left aligned.

Forms:

Using Microsoft word one can create an organized and structured

document with a provision to enter the required information into it. A
document of such nature is called a form.

Mail Merge:

It helps us to produce from letters mailing labels envelopes

catalogs and others types of merged document. It is so found in the tools
option on the menu bar. In tools we have letters and mailing. In letters
and mailing we have mail merge mail merge tool box envelopes tables
and letters wizard. In mail merge select the required document you are

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working on. A window for customizing the data base structure appears.
This file contains the names, address details with contact numbers etc of
people you wish to send the letters.
Inserting objects:
Insert an object such as drawing word art text effects or an
equation at the inserting point.
Fields:
It inserts a field at the inserting font fields are used to insert a
variety of information automatically. Select table in table select insert. In
that select insert table a box containing number of rows and columns will
appear. Select six colors and four rows and click o.k. Given the first
row as date, problem repeated student‘s signature action recommended
problem status and councilors sign. Insert the objects in the feedback
form and apply the text fields in the form.

PROCEDURE:
Mail Merge:
1. Open a document and type the complete body of the letter and format it
as required.

2. Create a data source and choose mail merge from tool bar a window is
displayed.

3. Click on create button and choose from letter options. Then a window is
displayed.

4. Click active window choose currently active document. Click on data and
create data source option.

5. A window for customizing the data base structure appears and this file
contains the names address details with contact number etc. we can add
or remove fields from this file.

6. Once the list of fields is finalized a window of same is displayed and

types the required file names and click on save button.

7. A window is displayed. Type the details of 10 candidates. After typing

details of one person, click on add menu.

8. Click on the o.k. to finish entering the records mail merge tool bar is
displayed.

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9. Place the curser at the place where you wish to insert names and click
on insert mail merge button. A drop list is displayed all fields created
would be shown.

10.By highlighting to desired file and click on it we can insert the field into
the main document and go to begin the mail merge click on mail merge.

11.A window is displayed click once on the merge button to generate

letters for all records in your data source file.

Forms:
1. Design the form by sketching a layout first, or use an existing form
template as a guide. Tables, text boxes, borders, and shading are all
design elements that can help you create a well-designed form that's
easy to use.

2. On the Standard toolbar, click New Blank Document .

3. Add the text or graphics you want. For example, enter the questions you
want answered, and list the available choices.
4. To insert a text box where users can enter their responses, click the
document, and then click Text Form Field on the Forms toolbar. If you
need more space, you can insert multiple text boxes side by side. To
insert check boxes that list choices, such as Yes and No, click the
document, and then click Check Box Form Field on the Forms toolbar.
5. Save the form.
Insert line numbers:

1. On the File menu, click Page Setup, and then click the Layout tab.
2. In the Apply to box, click Whole document.
3. Click Line Numbers.
4. Select the Add line numbering check box, and then select the options
you want.

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EXERCISE 12 :
AIM: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells,
Summation, auto fill, Formatting Text.

PROGRAM :

To maintain a shift schedule with specifications

Software Requirement: MS-EXCEL

Hardware Requirement: Personal computer

THEORY:
Grid lines:
1. Click the worksheet.
2. On the file menu, click page setup and the click the sheet tab.
3. Click gridlines.
4. Select the sheets on which you want to change the gridlines color.
5. On the Tools menu click options click the color you want in the color box.
6. To use the default gridlines color click automatic.
7. Lines you can add to a chart that make it easier to view and
evaluate data. Gridlines extend from the tick marks on an axis
across a plot area.
Format Cell:
1. Change the font and font size.
2. Change the text color.
3. Make selected text or numbers bold, italic or underlined.
4. Create a new style.
Auto fit:
1. Combine cells horizontally or vertically to make one large cell.
2. Add borders to cells.
3. Shade cells with colors.

4. Change the column width and row height

5. Change the font, font size or colors of text.
6. Align text vertically at the top, center and bottom of cell.

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Formatting the text:

1. Select the text you want to format.
2. On the format menu click cells and then click number tab.
3. In the catalog box click text.
4. Enter the numbers in the formatted cells.
5. Click ok.
6. Then press enter and reenter the data.
PROCEDURE:
First click start button of the screen on status bar. Click on programs
and then Microsoft excel. To get a new blank work sheet go to programs and
then click on excel sheet. On the file menu click page setup and then click
sheet tab click gridlines. In this way do the required changes using format
cell, make the required changes using formatting text also make the
required changes. Enter the data in the data in the worksheet consisting of
week name person name and timings 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. Make all the above
changes to the text.

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EXERCISE 13 :
AIM: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in
excel – average, std. deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets,
Hyper linking, Count function.

PROGRAM :
To maintain a control chart for printing books with given data.
Software Requirement: MS-EXCEL
Hardware Requirement: Personal
computer THEORY:
1. On the chart menu click chart type
2. Text direction.
Click the arrow down next to the text direction button. For right to
left click right to left. For left to right reading order, click left to right.
For reading order that is consistent with the language of the first
entered character, click context. For reading order that is inconsistent
with the language of the first entered character, click control.
3. In the tools menu click options and then click chart tab.
4. To show all worksheet data in the chart even if some rows and columns are
hidden, clear the plot visible cells by check box.
5. To prevent hidden rows and columns from displaying in the chart, select the
plot cells only check box.
Hyper Linking:
1. Create a worksheet: On the file menu, click new, and then click blank
workbook task pane.
2. Insert a worksheet: C lick worksheet on the insert menu. Right click
on sheet tab and then click insert double click the template for the
type of sheet you want.
3. Hyperlink: Using hyperlink we can insert one more sheet in the
present sheet
4. Count function: Create a blank worksheet press control +c. In the
worksheet select cell A and press control +c. On the tools menu point
to formula auditing and then click formula auditing menu.

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Worksheet:
1. In the file menu go to menu then a new worksheet is created.
2. To add a single worksheet, click worksheet on the Insert menu. To add multiple
worksheets hold down shift and then click the number of worksheet tasks to
add in an open workbook
Sort:
1. Click a cell in the list you want to sort.
2. On the Data menu click sort.
3. Under first key sort click the custom sort order you want and then click ok.
4. Click any other sorting option you want.
PROCEDURE:

Formulae in Excel:
First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar.
Click on programs and then on Microsoft excel. Then open a new document.
Give the main heading and subheading by changing the size so that they
look in block letters. Enter the data. To calculate go to Insert menu in the
menu bar and then click on function and then ok. Then select the data to
which you want to calculate mean. Then you get the required answer. In
same way, sample means standard deviation lower count limit and upper
count limit. Go to insert menu and click on function and select the required
operation to be done and select the data and calculate. Formulas for all the
above are given below.

Mean = (s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5)/5;

Sample mean = avg (mean)

Standard deviation = (mean, sample, mean)

Sample standard deviation= avg (Standard deviation)

Lower count limit = sample mean – sample standard

deviation. Upper count limit = Sample mean + Sample

Standard deviation

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Hyper linking:
First click on start button of the screen on status bar. Click on
programs and then Ms-excel. To get a new blank worksheet go to programs
and then click on excel sheet. Rename the first sheet as student by right
clicking on sheet 1 and renaming. Insert hyperlink insert and click on
hyperlink. Then go to sheet 2 and rename as CSE type in particulars of ECE
right click on sheet 3. Then go to sheet -4 rename as IT. In this type all the
four sheets are created.

Worksheet:
First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar.
Click on programs and then Ms-excel. Then enter the data as given. Enter the student‘s
names, Subjective wise marks, total and avg. Then calculate the total and avg by using
formula. Then go to Data menu and click sort. Under first key sort, click custom sort
order needed i.e. ascending order or alphabetical order and then click o.k. Then the
required worksheet is prepared.

Count Function
Some of the content in this topic may not be applicable to some languages.

1. To count words in selected text only, select the text you want.
If you don't select any text, Microsoft Word counts the words in the whole
document.
2. On the Tools menu, click Word Count.
Word displays counts for words, paragraphs, lines, and characters.

3. To add or remove footnotes and endnotes from the count, select

or clear they Include footnotes and endnotes check box.

VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP Functions

This document explains the functions of VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP

and how to use them in a spreadsheet. It can be used in all versions
of Microsoft Excel.

VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP are functions in Excel that allow you to

search a table of data and based on what the user has supplied and
give appropriate information from that table.

If you have a table of Student ID numbers, Student Names and

Grades, you can set up Excel so that if a Student ID number is
supplied by the user, it will look through the table and output the
student's name and grade.

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A B C
VLOOKUP

Student ID 1234 User

Number supplied

Student Name John From

Smith table
Semester Grade A/B From
table

VLOOKUP allows you to search a table that is set up vertically. That is,
all of the data is set up in columns and each column is responsible for one
kind of data. In the Student Record example, there would be a separate
column of data for Student Names, one for Student ID numbers, etc.

HLOOKUP is the exact same function, but looks up data that

has been formatted by rows instead of columns.
Student ID 1234 1689 2495 3697 9228
John Jane Michelle Jack Rod
Number Student
Smith Jones Schreiner Lepak Arneson
Name Semester Grade A/B B/C B A B
The format of the VLOOKUP function is:
VLOOKUP (lookup _value, table _array, col _index _num, range _lookup)

The lookup _value is the user input. This is the value that the
function uses to search on. If you are searching a table by the
Student ID number, then the lookup _value is the cell that
contains the inputted Student ID number being looked up.

The table _array is the area of cells in which the table is located. This
includes not only the column being searched on, but the data columns
for which you are going to get the values that you need. Back to the
example, the table_array would not only include the Student ID
number column, but the columns for the Student Names and Grades
as well.

The col _index _num is the column of data that contains the answer
that you want. If your table is set up as: column 1 - Student ID Number,
column 2 - Student Names, column 3 - Grades and you inputted a
Student ID Number and you want to retrieve the grade that was

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received for that person, the col _index

_num would be 3. 3 is the column number of the data column for the
ANSWER that you are trying to look up.

Range _lookup is a TRUE or FALSE value. When set to TRUE, the

lookup function gives the closest match to the lookup _value without
going over the lookup _value. When set to FALSE, an exact match must
be found to the lookup _value or the function will return #N/A. Note, this
requires that the column containing the lookup _value be formatted in
ascending order.

To use the Function Wizard to insert a VLOOKUP function:

1. Select the cell that will contain the answer to the VLOOKUP and select
Insert -> Function...

2. Under the Function Category, choose either All or Lookup & Reference.

3. Under the Function Name, select VLOOKUP, and hit OK.

4. The Function Wizard for VLOOKUP will then display. The 4 values talked
about above (lookup _value, table _array, col _index _num,range_lookup) are
required by the function. Each line for each value required. If you put the
cursor into the first line for lookup _value,down below it explains what the
lookup _value is for your reference.Similar information is displayed when the
cursor is in any of the other fields.

5. Enter in the lookup _value either by typing in the number for the cell, or,
by selecting the cell on the worksheet.
6. Enter in the table _array by typing in the numbers for the cells, or,
by selecting the group of cells on the worksheet.
7. Enter in the number for column which contains the data that you wish to
obtain in the col _index _num area.
8. Enter into the range _lookup field the value TRUE if the function should
accept the closest value to your lookup _value without going over or
FALSE if an exact match is required.
9. Hit OK when ready.

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EXERCISE 14 :
AIM: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which
help them create basic power point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide
Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering,
Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.

PROGRAM :
SLIDE LAYOUT:
1. On the format menu, click slide layout.
2. On the slides tab in normal view, select the slides; you want to apply a
layout too.
3. In the slide layout task pane, point to layout you and then click it.
4. A new slide can also be inserted within the task pane. Point the layout
you want the slide to have, click the arrow and then click the insert new
slide.
INSERT TEXT:
1. Text can be added to layout.
2. Align text in the top, middle or bottom of a cell.
3. Align text on the right or left, or in the center of a cell.
4. Change cell margins.
5. Insert a tab in a table.
6. To make the symbol command available, in normal view, place the
insertion point on the outbox tab or in a text place holders on the slide.
7. On the insert menu, click symbol.
8. To change fonts, click a name in the font box.
FORMATTING TEXT:
1. Select the text you want to format as superscript or subscript.
2. On the format menu, click font.
3. To show or hide text formatting, on the standard toolbar, click show
formatting.
BULLETS AND NUMBERINGS:
1. Select the lines of text that you want to add bullets or numbering to.
2. Click bullets or numbering.

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AUTOSHAPES:
1. Select the auto shape that has the text you want to position.
2. Double-click the selection rectangle of the auto shape or text box and
then click the text box tab in the format dialog box.

3. In the text anchor point box, click the position you want the text to start
in.

LINES AND ARROWS:

1. In Microsoft power point, double click the chart.
2. Double click the chart item you want to change.
3. On the patterns tab, do one or both of the following.
4. To change the colors, patterns or lines, select the options you want.

5. To specify a fill effect, click fill efeect and then select the options
you want on the gradient, text patterns or picture tabs.
To return to the slide, click outside the about

PROCEDURE:
First click on start button at the button of the screen on status bar.
Click on programs and then Microsoft PowerPoint. Go to file and new. Then
you find different pattern of slides on right side of your screen. Then select
which is completely empty. Then enter the contents in the first slide as per
given information, name in the second slide, Address in the third slide,
Hobbies in the fourth slide and friends in the fifth slide. Except first slide, all
the second, third, fourth, fifth slides should be inserted. When you select
pattern of slide from a new slide, on slide which you selected you will find an
arrow towards its right side, click that arrow and then again click insert
slide. Then save it. Then adjust the layout. Then format the text then give
bullets or numbering to the text if required. Go to auto shapes. Select more
auto shapes and insert wherever required. Then again go to insert option
and select new slides. And select chart and a chart with datasheet appear.
Give the name, roll no, marks in three subjects and calculate the total. Then
save the file.

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EXERCISE 15 :
AIM: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio,
Video, Objects, Tables and Charts.

PROGRAM :
To maintain a PowerPoint presentation using some specifications
THEORY:
HYPERLINK:
1. Select the text or object that you want to represent the hyperlink.
2. Click insert hyperlink.
3. Under link to, click place in this document.

INSERT IMAGES:
1. Click where you want to insert the picture.
2. On the drawing tool bar, click insert picture.
3. Locate the folder that contains the picture that you want to insert,
and then click the picture file.

CLIP ART:
1. On the insert menu, point to structure and then click clipart.
2. In the clipart task pane, in the search for box, type a word or
phrase that describes the clip, you want to type in all or some of
the file menus of the clip.
3. In the results box, click the clip to insert it.

AUDIO VIDEO OBJECTS:

1. On the slide show menu, click setup show. Under performance

check box. If your computer has their capability, office PowerPoint
will attempt to use it.
2. Animation performance will be much better with a video card that
has Microsoft direct 3D.
CHART:
1. Click the slide where you want to place the embedded object.
2. On the insert menu, click chart.

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3. Click a cell on the data sheet and then type the information you want
4. To return to the slide, click outside the chart

PROCEDURE:
First click on start button at the bottom of the screen on status bar.
Click on programs and then Microsoft power point goes to file menu. Then
you find different pattern of slides on right side of your screen. Then select
which is completely empty. Then enter the name of your college in bold
letters. Address of your college in bold letters in the second slide. List of all
the available courses in the third slide, extra co-curricular activities in the
fourth slide except first slide, all the second, third, fourth slide should be
inserted. When you select pattern of slide from a new slide, on slide which
you selected, you will find an arrow towards it right side click that arrow
and then again click insert slide. Then save it the select the slide show
and then select the view show option. Then review the presentation in
slide show by selecting next and after completing the slide show then click
end show. Click on start button at the button of the screen on status bar,
click on programs and then Microsoft power point. Go to file menu. On
insert menu and select table option and give no. of rows and no. of
columns and give the name, Roll no and marks in three subjects and find
the total

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EXERCISE 16 :
AIM: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic,
presentation, slide slotter, notes etc), and Inserting – Background,
textures, Design Templates, Hidden slides.

PROGRAM :

1. Introduction to PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is a popular presentation software used to create slideshows and
presentations. It allows users to design, organize, and present information in a visually
engaging manner.

2. Master Layouts
Master layouts in PowerPoint help define the overall look and feel of a presentation. They
include elements like background, fonts, colors, and placeholders for content. Let's
explore how to work with master layouts.

a. Slide Master
The Slide Master is like a template that governs the formatting and position of
placeholders and background elements throughout the presentation.

b. Title Master
The Title Master sets the formatting for title slides in the presentation.

c. Handout Master
The Handout Master allows customization of the layout and appearance of printed
handouts.

d. Notes Master
The Notes Master helps in customizing the layout and appearance of speaker's
notes.

3. Types of Views
PowerPoint offers various views to assist in creating and organizing presentations
efficiently.

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a. Normal View
The default view for editing slides, displaying the slide and outline panes.

b. Slide Sorter View

Displays an overview of all slides, allowing easy rearrangement and organization.

c. Reading View
Provides a full-screen view of the presentation for a seamless reading experience.

d. Slide Show View

Displays the presentation as an actual slide show, full-screen for presenting to an
audience.

4. Inserting Elements
Let's explore how to insert different elements to enhance the appearance of slides.

a. Backgrounds
You can change the background of a slide to a solid color, gradient, image, or a
predefined pattern.

b. Textures
Add textures to slide backgrounds to give them a unique visual appeal.

c. Design Templates
Apply pre-designed templates to quickly format your presentation with a
consistent style and layout.

d. Hidden Slides
Hide slides that you don't want to show during a presentation but may need for
reference or backup.

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EXERCISE 17 :
AIM: Prompt Engineering: Experiment with different types of prompts to see
how the model responds. Try asking questions, starting conversations, or even
providing incomplete sentences to see how the model completes them.

 Ex: Prompt: "You are a knowledgeable AI. Please answer the following
question: What is the capital of France?"

PROGRAM :
1. Asking Questions
a. Prompt: "What is the capital of Japan?"
Expected Response: Tokyo
b. Prompt: "How do plants make their own food?"
Expected Response: Plants use a process called photosynthesis to make their own
food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
2. Starting Conversations
a. Prompt: "You meet a new friend at a coffee shop. How do you start a
conversation?"
Expected Response: "Hello! It's great to meet you. What brings you to this coffee
shop today?"
b. Prompt: "You are at a party and want to join a group conversation. How do you
initiate it?"
Expected Response: "Hey everyone! I couldn't help but overhear your discussion
about travel. I love traveling too! Do you have any favorite destinations?"
3. Providing Incomplete Sentences
a. Prompt: "The best way to learn a new skill is..."
Expected Completion: "...by breaking it down into manageable parts, practicing
regularly, and seeking guidance when needed."
b. Prompt: "Life is like a..."
Expected Completion: "...journey, full of unexpected twists and turns. It's up to us
to navigate and make the most of it."

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EXERCISE 18 :
AIM: Creative Writing: Use the model as a writing assistant. Provide the
beginning of a story or a description of a scene, and let the model generate the
rest of the content. This can be a fun way to brainstorm creative ideas

 Ex: Prompt: "In a world where gravity suddenly stopped working, people
started floating upwards. Write a story about how society adapted to
this new reality."

PROGRAM :
Creating an interactive story with ChatGPT involves a dynamic back-and-forth between
the writer and the AI. Here's a breakdown of how you can do it:

Setting the Scene:

Begin by setting the scene or introducing the context of the story. In this case, we
introduced the concept of an enchanted garden and a curious young girl named Eliza.

Ask the Model for Assistance:

Pose a question or request to the AI to continue the story. For example, in our scenario,
we asked the AI to generate the next part of the story after Eliza discovered the garden's
entrance.

AI Generates Content:
Allow the AI to generate the next part of the story based on the given context and your
request. The AI will create a response that continues the narrative.

Review and Edit:

Review the generated content to ensure it fits the storyline and makes sense. You can
make edits or adjustments to maintain consistency and enhance the narrative.

Move the Story Forward:

After reviewing and potentially editing the AI-generated content, decide on the next part
of the story or scene you want to develop. Pose another question or request to the AI to
continue the narrative.

Repeat the Process:

Continue this back-and-forth process, asking the AI to contribute to the story, reviewing
the responses, and building upon them to advance the plot, develop characters, or
describe settings.

Shape the Narrative:

Use the AI's input to inspire and guide your own creativity. You can choose to follow the
AI's suggestions closely or use them as a starting point to craft your unique narrative.

By iteratively engaging with the AI and building upon the generated content, you can
create an engaging and dynamic story or scene. Remember to use your creativity and
editorial judgment to maintain coherence and achieve your desired narrative outcome.

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EXERCISE 19 :
AIM: Language Translation: Experiment with translation tasks by providing a
sentence in one language and asking the model to translate it into another
language. Compare the output to see how accurate and fluent the translations
are.
 Ex: Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French:
'Hello, how are you doing today?'"

PROGRAM :
To conduct an experiment on language translation using GPT-3.5 (ChatGPT), you'll
follow these steps:

Understanding the Experiment Objective:

Begin by clarifying the goal of the experiment, which is to evaluate the accuracy and
fluency of translations performed by ChatGPT from one language to another.

Choose the Languages:

Select the languages for translation. For example, you can choose English as the source
language and French as the target language, as demonstrated in the provided example.

Frame the Translation Request:

Create a clear and specific prompt that instructs ChatGPT to perform the translation.
For instance:

Prompt: "Translate the following English sentence to French: 'Hello, how are you
doing today?'"
Submit the Prompt to GPT-3.5:
Input the prompt into the ChatGPT interface and send it for translation.

Review the Translation Output:

Examine the translated output provided by ChatGPT. Check for accuracy in the
translation (how well it conveys the intended meaning) and fluency (how natural and
coherent the translation sounds in the target language).

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Compare with Human Translation (Optional):

If possible, consult a human translator or use a reliable translation tool to obtain a
reference translation of the same sentence. Compare the model's translation with the
reference to assess accuracy.

Repeat the Experiment:

Repeat steps 3 to 6 with additional sentences and language pairs to gather a variety of
translations for evaluation. Use different sentences with varying complexity to get a
comprehensive understanding of the model's translation capabilities.

Note and Analyze Results:

Document the translations provided by ChatGPT and any notable observations regarding
accuracy, fluency, and potential errors in the translations. Consider capturing a
qualitative assessment, highlighting strengths and weaknesses.

Iterate and Adjust:

If needed, adjust the experiment parameters, such as prompt structure or model
options, to see if it affects the quality of translations.

Draw Conclusions:
Based on the collected data, draw conclusions regarding the accuracy and fluency of
ChatGPT's translations. Reflect on the model's performance, limitations, and areas for
potential improvement.

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