WORK METHODOLOGY

Project Name: DRAINAGE/BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

A) INTRODUCTION
In the understanding that the scope of works includes but not limited to Site Clearance, Earthworks,
Excavation, Reinforcement works, formwork, concrete works and Filling for Structures, we shall carry out
the works as outlined here below.

B) SCOPE OF WORK

C) REFERENCE DRAWINGS.

Refer attachment as Tender-2- Drawing list for BRIDGE/CULVERT Structure or as per instructions issued by
Engineer in the RFQ.

D) SITE SET UP
The company will initiate the project by mobilizing its staff, machinery, materials and plant.
The Site office will be set up accompanied by a store for materials and a machine yard.

B) SETTING OUT
Using the dumpy level and level machines we shall establish both the horizontal and vertical alignment
starting with the original levels which shall relate with the finished levels.

E) SITE CLEARANCE By use of Panga, Slasher (manual clearing) we shall clean the site of grass and other
plants within the given site compound. The existing structure shall be demolished and cart away from site
1.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDUCE

The work procedure is described as follows:

1.1.1 PREPARATION

Temporary yard such as stockpile and fabrication yard for culvert work shall be prepared within the
site after soil improvement. Location and plan shall be considered to avoid traffic and congestions
during mobilization of materials, machines and obstruction to construction during the course of
different activities in the site.

It is necessary to set up a fabrication yard in order to carry out the fabrication of Reinforcing bars,
form work, steel frames and so on. And also, those fabricated, cast, assembled products will be
temporarily stocked at the Stock yard.
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1.1.2 EARTH WORK

1.1.2.1 Excavation work :

Excavation shall be done in a safe and sequential manner on the basis of the prepared draft drawings
and in accordance with the instructions by the Engineer/Employer.

The excavation method is manual cut and care is to be taken not to disturb the soil below the
supporting ground.

Unsuitable material and waste matters shall be removed from site to the designated waste disposal
area in accordance with the specification requirements.

After excavation, the bottom surface of pit shall be compacted to not less than 95% of maximum
dry density by manual compactor and the slope shall be trimmed off to avoid collapse of pit wall.

1.1.3 REINFORCEMENT WORK

Manufacturer of reinforcing bar shall be proposed to the Engineer for accreditation and
approval. No deliveries shall be accepted for use without decision by the engineer.

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Every delivery of reinforcing bar supply for construction, the quantity and physical properties shall be
checked by the Contractor. The quality shall be confirmed by checking mill certificate issued by the
manufacturer.

1.1.3.1 Material

Round bar & deformed bar shall be 2100 Kg/cm²- (Yield strength).

1.1.3.2 Reinforcement storage before fabrication

 Reinforcement will be stored in a warehouse area at site with adequate protection from
getting rusty, or protected from any element that would affect its quality condition as
specified.

 Storing will be organized by category, type, grade and diameter. As a rule, the end of
each bar had been painted to differentiate the different grades.

 Reinforcing steel that are rejected have to be stored in a separate place away from where
it was accepted, before sending back to the supplier.

1.1.3.3 Reinforcement fabrication process

1. Reinforcement fabrication and storage.

 Workers will fabricate the bar according to the information mentioned on the label, and
fabricated bars will be stored systematically according to their structural usage per work
unit mentioned on their label (Work Unit, structure, drawing, category, type, diameter,
grade…).

 All precautions will be taken to avoid damage and bending the steel bars during storage,
loading and transportation to the site. The bars should be protected from the rust by
storage on wooden platform, crates or elevated trestles.

2. Installation at site.

 The reinforcement installation will be in accordance with the drawings, the General
Technical Specifications, and the Owner requirements (cover, spacer blocks,
reinforcement continuity and tolerances).

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 Before any pouring, all the reinforcement shall be inspected and accepted by the
Engineer or the Employer’s representative.

The foreman on site will correct any deviation out of tolerances immediately upon notice
before filling the inspection request.

1.1.4 FORMWORK

1.1.4.1 Formwork Set-Up :

Blinding concrete shall be installed prior to placing formwork.

Form made of plywood or steel shall be cleaned on all its surfaces in contact with concrete
shall be treated or painted with oil prior to the installation. Installation shall be made
precisely on the lines and grades using string, spirit level, survey instrument etc.

Forms shall be kept firmly in position by putting tie rods or external support. Tie rods
support shall be so arranged and distributed and strong enough to withstand the pressure
during casting concrete.

1.1.4.2 Construction method

 Foundations shall be constructed first and then columns to the tripod beam bottom
level. In the Workshop building, sub-columns and sub-beams system on wall, beam
surface form will be done after the installation of steel framework.

 Establish accurate centerline axis and level for the layout of foundations, walls, beams,
and slabs before installing forms.

 Form should be adequately supported or braced to avoid movements or

displacement during casting concrete. Bolt connector or any acceptable pre-
fabricated support system is essential.

 Check the alignment of formwork by stretching a cord along edges of installed forms

 For additional supports, Iron and tension cable i.e binding wire can be used as
supports in the installation of forms of culvert footings. Check the establish centerline

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 for accuracy to avoid deviations.

 During installation regular checking of lines and grades shall be made to ensure the
evenness and straightness of slabs and walls during construction.

 Position Steel and wood joist supports and bracings is utilized for forms of concrete
structures.

 All supporting columns/walls and bracings should be anchored, hold and connect together to
become stable frame system to secure structures during concreting.

1.1.5 CONCRETE WORK

1.1.5.1 Material

- The class of concrete for each section of the works shall comply with Specification, BS and ASTM
Standards.
In general, concrete must be casted within 60 minutes from mixing to placing. The concrete
temperature shall be below 35⁰C as specified at the point of pouring. Other measures to keep the
concrete temperature low is to keep the aggregates and water cool, or arrange early morning
pouring to avoid casting daytime which has high humidity condition.

1.1.5.2 Construction method :

+ Concrete Pouring and Treatment requirements:

- Do not change position, bend shape of reinforcement, position of formwork and thickness
of concrete cover.

- Do not use vibrator to displace horizontally the concrete mix

- Concrete shall be poured continuously up to finish grade or construction joints indicated

on the drawing shall be followed when there is a tendency to stop pouring.

- Tremie pipe/Shoot shall be utilized when pouring concrete beyond manual reach or
above ground to avoid segregation of the ready mix concrete during pouring and
maximum falling height be 1.5m.

- Use concrete spacer between formwork and reinforcement to avoid displacement of

reinforcement during concrete placement.

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- Concrete shall be continuously poured until one component is finished to avoid cold
joints.

- Use concrete vibrator to compact mix, vibration time shall be from 20 to 30 seconds. Use
trowel to level the concrete surface.

- If the concreting is too large in quantity that one time pouring is impossible, the contractor
shall provide proper construction joints in accordance with the specification.

- Concrete shall be poured in layers from 20-30cm then vibrate in accordance with the
specified time. Number of vibrator depends on the concreting area, at least 3 stand-by
vibrators in every concreting location as back up for conked out units .

- Concrete for slab shall be leveled right after pouring.

Concrete Pouring for Foundation and Superstructure

+ C o n c r e t e Curing: 24 hours after Casting.

All concrete shall be cured by either spraying water directly or spraying water on a mat placed
on the concrete surface.
Water curing by sprinkling process, shall be repeated whenever the water dries up and
maintain the concrete wet for a period of 7 days.
+ Concrete Finishing: Upon removing formworks, concrete surface shall be finished,
repaired of any defects to ensure evenness and uniformity in color. All concrete surfaces
shall be free from any irregularities. A waterproofing coat may also be applied to a selected
location as specified.

1.1.6 BACKFILLING

Approved suitable material should be used for backfilling. Compaction standard shall be
employed in the execution of this work. Fill materials shall be distributed evenly to the
backfill area to a specified thickness of compaction = 150 mm thick and compacted by
portable compactor to a specified compaction factor. Sprinkle water to the earth fill in
compliance with the allowable moisture contents specified before start compaction. Every
layer shall be tested for compaction to assure that this particular work is checked and
complied with the governing specification.

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1.1.6.1 . Occupational Health And Safety Control for Steel Structure Work.

Everybody who will carry out the works shall use all the necessary protective or safety gears
and abide by the occupational health and safety control plan of the project to avoid the
occurrence of accident and minimize the potential cause of hazard. Working areas shall be
provided with warning devices signage’s or barriers, and frequently checked by Safety
Engineer during work time.

Ensure all vehicles and equipment is safe and fully efficient, guarded and equipped with
safety devices and has been subjected to necessary test.

Make sure that operators, drivers and attendants will only concern themselves on the
equipment for which they have been thoroughly trained. Check working efficiency of
equipment for its intended purpose, and its valid registration and calibration certificates.