DAY-1

Database:
A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored
electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management
system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are
associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just database.
Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled in rows
and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data can
then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized. Most databases
use structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying data.

Types of Databases:

There are many different types of databases. The best database for a specific
organization depends on how the organization intends to use the data.

Relational databases:
Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. Items in a relational database are
organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. Relational database technology provides
the most efficient and flexible way to access structured information.

Object-oriented databases:
Information in an object-oriented database is represented in the form of objects, as in
object-oriented programming.

Distributed databases:
A distributed database consists of two or more files located in different sites. The
database may be stored on multiple computers, located in the same physical location, or
scattered over different networks.
Data warehouses:
A central repository for data, a data warehouse is a type of database specifically
designed for fast query and analysis.

No SQL databases:
A No SQL, or non-relational database, allows unstructured and semi-structured data to
be stored and manipulated (in contrast to a relational database, which defines how all data
inserted into the database must be composed). No SQL databases grew popular as web
applications became more common and more complex.

Graph databases:
A graph database stores data in terms of entities and the relationships between entities.
OLTP databases. An OLTP database is a speedy, analytic database designed for large
numbers of transactions performed by multiple users.

These are only a few of the several dozen types of databases in use today. Other, less common
databases are tailored to very specific scientific, financial, or other functions. In addition to the
different database types, changes in technology development approaches and dramatic advances
such as the cloud and automation are propelling databases in entirely new directions. Some of the
latest databases include

Open source databases:

An open source database system is one whose source code is open source; such
databases could be SQL or No SQL databases.

Cloud databases:
A cloud database is a collection of data, either structured or unstructured, that resides
on a private, public, or hybrid cloud computing platform. There are two types of cloud
database models: traditional and database as a service ( DBaaS ). With DBaaS, administrative
tasks and maintenance are performed by a service provider.
Document/JSON database:
Designed for storing, retrieving, and managing document-oriented
information, document databases are a modern way to store data in JSON format rather than
rows and columns.

Database Management System (DBMS):

A database typically requires a comprehensive database software program known as a
database management system (DBMS). A DBMS serves as an interface between the database
and its end users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the
information is organized and optimized. A DBMS also facilitates oversight and control of
databases, enabling a variety of administrative operations such as performance monitoring,
tuning, and backup and recovery.

Some examples of popular database software or DBMSs include My SQL, Microsoft Access,
Microsoft SQL Server, FileMaker Pro, Oracle Database, and dBASE.

My SQL database:
My SQL is an open source relational database management system based on SQL. It was
designed and optimized for web applications and can run on any platform. As new and different
requirements emerged with the internet, My SQL became the platform of choice for web
developers and web-based applications. Because it’s designed to process millions of queries and
thousands of transactions, My SQL is a popular choice for ecommerce businesses that need to
manage multiple money transfers. On-demand flexibility is the primary feature of My SQL.
My SQL is the DBMS behind some of the top websites and web-based applications in the world,
including Airbnb, Uber, LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.

Oracle Cloud:
Oracle Cloud is a subscription-based public cloud services offering from database
company Oracle. The global data centers in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) provide servers,
storage, network, applications, data management and other services that support dedicated cloud,
multi cloud, hybrid cloud and on-premises environments. Customers use Oracle Cloud to build,
deploy, automate and manage workloads and enterprise applications in the cloud.
Oracle Cloud offers infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), software as a
service and data as a service. These services can be accessed on demand over the internet. Oracle
Cloud lets both virtualized multi-tenant deployment and bare-metal compute services connect
with a single application programming interface (API). Oracle Cloud offerings also include
machine learning and load balancer services and an autonomous database.

Oracle Cloud competes with the market-leading Amazon Web Services (AWS), as well as
Google Cloud, IBM Cloud and Microsoft Azure. As of 2022, Oracle Cloud's global market share
stood at 2%, according to Synergy Research Group.

Cloud Computing:

Cloud computing is the on-demand access of computing resources—physical

servers or virtual servers, data storage, networking capabilities, application
development tools, software, AI-powered analytic tools and more—over the internet
with pay-per-use pricing. The cloud computing model offers customers greater flexibility and
scalability compared to traditional on-premises infrastructure.

Cloud computing plays a pivotal role in our everyday lives, whether accessing a cloud
application like Google Gmail, streaming a movie on Netflix or playing a cloud-hosted video
game. A cloud services provider (CSP) manages cloud-based technology services
hosted at a remote data center and typically makes these resources available for a
pay-as-you-go or monthly subscription fee.

Features of cloud services:

 On demand self service

 Compatibility
 Reliability
 Easy maintenance
 Large network access
 Server availability
 Security
Cloud Ecosystem:

A cloud ecosystem refers to a network of interconnected cloud computing services,

platforms, applications, and infrastructure components that work together to provide a
comprehensive and integrated cloud computing environment. It involves a collection of cloud-
based resources, technologies, and services that collaborate to meet the needs of users and
organizations. In a cloud ecosystem, different cloud service providers, vendors, and partners
collaborate to offer a wide range of cloud-based solutions.

These solutions can include infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS),
software as a service (SaaS), and various other cloud-based offerings. By obtaining a Google
Cloud Certification, you can advance your career in Google Cloud. With this course, you can
demonstrate your expertise in the basics of design, develop, and manage a robust, secure, and
highly available cloud-based, many more fundamental concepts, and many more critical concepts
among others.
Key components and characteristics of a cloud ecosystem include:
1. Cloud Service Providers:
These are organizations that provide cloud computing resources, infrastructure,
and services. Examples of major cloud service providers include Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and IBM Cloud.
These providers offer a wide range of cloud services and form the foundation of the
ecosystem.

2. Cloud Applications and Services:

Cloud ecosystems encompass a variety of cloud applications and services available

to users and organizations. These can include productivity tools, customer relationship
management (CRM) systems, data analytics platforms, file storage and sharing services,
 and many others. These applications and services are typically accessed over the internet
on a pay-as-you-go basis.

3. Cloud Marketplaces:

Cloud marketplaces serve as platforms where cloud service providers, independent

software vendors (ISVs), and developers can offer their cloud-based applications, services,
and solutions. Users can discover, procure, and deploy these offerings from a centralized
marketplace, enhancing the flexibility and extensibility of the ecosystem.

4. Integration and Interoperability:

A cloud ecosystem promotes integration and interoperability among different

cloud services and solutions. It allows users and organizations to combine and leverage
various cloud resources seamlessly. This interoperability enables data sharing, seamless
workflow management, and integrated experiences across different cloud platforms.

5. Development Tools and APIs:

Cloud ecosystems provide a range of development tools, APIs (Application

Programming Interfaces), and SDKs (Software Development Kits) that enable developers
to build, customize, and integrate cloud-based applications and services. These tools
facilitate the creation of new solutions and enhance the capabilities of existing cloud
offerings.

6. Security and Governance:

 Security and governance are essential aspects of a cloud ecosystem. It includes
mechanisms, policies, and controls to ensure data privacy, compliance, and protection.
Cloud ecosystems provide security services, identity management solutions, and
compliance frameworks to address the security and governance needs of users and
organizations.

IT service management (ITSM): IT service management (ITSM) is the process

of designing, delivering, managing, and improving the IT services an organization
provides to its end users. ITSM is focused on aligning IT processes and services with
business objectives to help an organization grow.

Common elements of ITSM:

TSM shapes many aspects of an organization. These are some of the most common ITSM
processes.

Service management:

Service request management is a process for handling a variety of customer service

requests, such as hardware upgrades or replacements, software updates, application access, and
other similar requests.

Change management:

Change management is any set of processes that create a standard operating procedure
whenever IT infrastructure changes. This can include a wide variety of changes, such as the
implementation of new software or the steps required to retrieve hardware from an employee
who has changed roles. The ultimate goal of change management processes is to limit the
amount of impact that change has on business outcomes.

Incident management:

Incident management is any process that’s set to respond to an unexpected disruption or

otherwise unplanned service interruption or event such as an outage.

Problem management:

Related to incident management, problem management is the process of identifying and

fixing the root cause of an incident or incidents. Despite being related, problems and incidents
are not the same thing. While an incident is an unexpected or otherwise unplanned service
interruption or event, a problem is an underlying issue that causes incidents.

For example, if a server crashes a few times , incident management would respond by rebooting
the server. Problem management would figure out the root cause and correct the issue with a
patch or software upgrade.

Asset management:

Asset management or IT asset management (ITAM), is the set of processes that ensure all
of an organization's assets are accounted for and properly deployed, maintained, upgraded, and
retired when appropriate. Generally, this involves the management of all material goods related
to an IT environment that don’t breathe. Like all aspects of ITSM, ITAM is closely related to
other processes—especially change management and configuration management.

Configuration management:

Configuration management is an ITSM process that tracks individual Configuration Items

(CI) in an IT system—usually through a configuration management database (CMDB). CIs are
both hardware and software assets and the map of the relationships that tie them together. While
IT asset management (ITAM) is more focused on the lifecycle of an asset, configuration
management is more focused on how assets relate to each other and to the processes that produce
business outcomes.

Knowledge management:

Knowledge management is the practice of preserving IT knowledge across an

organization and ensuring that key stakeholders can easily access, engage with, and shape IT
service data.

Cloud Deployment Model:

Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a

deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to store and
who has access to the infrastructure.

Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models:

 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Multi-Cloud
Public Cloud :
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The
public cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in which
cloud infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the general people or major
industry groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity that delivers the
cloud services, not by the consumer. It is a type of cloud hosting that allows customers and
users to easily access systems and services. This form of cloud computing is an excellent
example of cloud hosting, in which service providers supply services to a variety of
customers. In this arrangement, storage backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a
subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.

Advantages:
  Minimal Investment
 No setup cost
 Infrastructure Management is not required
 No maintenance
 Dynamic Scalability

Disadvantages:
 Less secure
 Low customization

Private Cloud :
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud
deployment model. It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer).
There is no need to share your hardware with anyone else. The distinction
between private and public clouds is in how you handle all of the hardware. It is
also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and
services within a given border or organization. The cloud platform is implemented
in a cloud-based secure environment that is protected by powerful firewalls and
under the supervision of an organization’s IT department. The private cloud gives
greater flexibility of control over cloud resources.

Advantages :
 Better Control:
 Data Security and Privacy
 Supports Legacy System
 Customization
Hybrid Cloud:
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software,
hybrid cloud computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you
may host the app in a safe environment while taking advantage of the public
cloud’s cost savings. Organizations can move data and applications between
different clouds using a combination of two or more cloud deployment methods,
depending on their needs.

Advantages :
 Flexibility and control Cost
 Security

Disadvantages :
 Difficult to manage
 Slow data
 DAY-2

Login into the oracle account for NaanMudhalvan:

https://eduation.oracle.com/NaanMudhalvan

STEP 1: Create account-Enter all the required details. Complete the email verification process
and create your oracle education account

STEP 2: Activate account –Sign in and activate your account

STEP 3: Go to learning –You can now see the oracle education platform’s homepage. On the
search bar , there will be ”NaanMudhalvan”. Close that and type ”Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
Foundations”(4hr 39 mins)

Fundamental principles of cloud service strategy:

1. Service catalog management

2. Service level management (SLM)

3. Resource provisioning and allocation

4. Monitoring and performance management

5. Security and compliance management

6. Cost management and optimization

7. Change and configuration management

8. Incident and problem management

9. Capacity planning and scalability

10. Vendor and supplier management

Cloud strategy management framework:

A cloud