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Shaft Design

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11 views18 pages

Shaft Design

Uploaded by

Nirmanyu Goel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Solid and Hollow Shafts

subjected to Different type of Loads

Dr. M. Yaqoob Yasin

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH
1
Introduction
Shaft is a rotating member and is used to transmit power. The
shaft may be hollow or solid.
In general, shaft has a circular cross-section.
The shaft is supported on bearings and it rotates a set of gears or
pulleys to transmit power.
The shaft is generally acted upon by
 Bending moment
 Torsion
 axial force.

Other two similar forms of a shaft are axle and spindle.


 Axle is a non-rotating member used for supporting rotating wheels
etc. and do not transmit any torque.
 Spindle is simply a short shaft. However, design method remains
the same for axle and spindle as that for a shaft.
2
SHAFT

3
Standard sizes of Shafts and Materials
Typical sizes of solid shaft that are available in the market are
 Up to 25 mm 0.5 mm increments
 25 to 50 mm 1.0 mm increments
 50 to 100 mm 2.0 mm increments
 100 to 200 mm 5.0 mm increments
Material for Shafts are
 ferrous, non-ferrous materials and non metals
depending on the application.
Some ferrous materials used in shafts are
 Hot-rolled plain carbon steel
 Cold-drawn plain carbon/alloy composition
 Alloy steels

4
Standard sizes of Shafts and Materials
In many cases, the surface of the shaft needs to be wear resistant

 Case hardening and carburizing


 Cyaniding and nitriding

5
Design considerations for shaft
Design based on Strength

 Design is carried out so that stress at any location of the shaft


should not exceed the material yield stress.
 No consideration for shaft deflection and shaft twist is included.

Design based on Stiffness


 The design is based on the allowable deflection and twist of the
shaft.

6
Design based on Strength
Bending stress

32𝑀
𝜎𝑏 = 𝜋𝑑 3 (1−𝑘 4 )

M : Bending moment at the point of interest


d : Outer diameter of the shaft
k : Ratio of inner to outer diameters of the
shaft ( k = 0 for a solid shaft because inner diameter is zero )

7
Design based on Strength
Axial stress

4𝛼𝐹
𝜎𝑎 = 𝜋𝑑 2 (1−𝑘 2 )

F: Axial force (tensile or compressive)


α: Column-action factor(= 1.0 for tensile load)

8
Design based on Strength
Axial stress

1
𝛼= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿 𝐾 < 115
1 − 0.0044(𝐿 𝐾)
𝜎𝑦𝑐 𝐿 2
𝛼= 2 (𝐾) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿 𝐾 > 115
𝜋 𝑛𝐸
n = 1.0 for hinged end
n = 2.25 for fixed end
n = 1.6 for ends partly restrained, as in bearing
K = least radius of gyration, L = shaft length
𝜎𝑦𝑐 = yield stress in compression

9
Design based on Strength
Stress due to torsion

16𝑇
𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜋𝑑 3 (1−𝑘 4 )

T : Torque on the shaft


𝜏𝑥𝑦 : Shear stress due to torsion

10
Design based on Strength
Combined bending and axial stress

32𝑀 4𝛼𝐹
𝜎𝑥 = ± 2
𝜋𝑑 (1−𝑘 ) 𝜋𝑑 (1−𝑘 2 )
3 4

11
Design based on Strength
Maximum shear stress

𝜎𝑥 2 2
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 2
+ 𝜏𝑥𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝜎𝑥 and 𝜏𝑥𝑦 yields

2 2
16 𝛼𝐹𝑑(1+𝑘 )
𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋𝑑 3 (1−𝑘 4 )
𝑀+
8
+𝑇 2

12
Design based on Strength
ASME design code

𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
2 2
16 𝛼𝐹𝑑(1+𝑘 )
= 𝜋𝑑 3 (1−𝑘 4 )
𝐶𝑏𝑚 𝑀+
8
+𝐶𝑡 𝑇 2

𝐶𝑏𝑚 and 𝐶𝑡 are bending and torsion factors.

13
Design based on Strength

14
Sample Problem

15
Solution

16
Solution

17
Solution

18

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