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What Is DSL

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14 views3 pages

What Is DSL

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shadowwhite137
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What is DSL

Digital subscriber line (DSL; originally digital subscriber loop) is a family of


technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines. In
telecommunications marketing, the term DSL is widely understood to mean
asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), the most commonly installed DSL
technology, for Internet access.

DSL service can be delivered simultaneously with wired telephone service on the
same telephone line since DSL uses higher frequency bands for data. On the
customer premises, a DSL filter on each non-DSL outlet blocks any high-
frequency interference to enable simultaneous use of the voice and DSL services.

The bit rate of consumer DSL services typically ranges from 256 kbit/s to over
100 Mbit/s in the direction to the customer (downstream), depending on DSL
technology, line conditions, and service-level implementation. Bit rates of 1 Gbit/s
have been reached.[1]

In ADSL, the data throughput in the upstream direction (the direction to the service
provider) is lower, hence the designation of asymmetric service. In symmetric
digital subscriber line (SDSL) services, the downstream and upstream data rates
are equal. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached speeds over 1 Gbit/s for
symmetrical broadband access services using traditional copper telephone lines,
though such speeds have not yet been deployed elsewhere.

Types of Dsl
HDSL (High-Bit-Rate DSL)

Standardized in 1994, HDSL uses two pairs of 24 AWG copper wires to provide symmetric
E1/T1 data rates to distances up to 3657 meters. Its successors are HDSL2 and HDSL4, the latter
using four pairs of wire instead of two.

SDSL (Symmetric DSL)

SDSL succeeded HDSL as the two-wire (single-pair) type of symmetric DSL. SDSL is also
known within ANSI as HDSL2.
Essentially offering the same capabilities as HDSL, SDSL offers T1 rates (1.544 Mbps) at ranges
up to 10,000 feet and is primarily designed for business applications.
ADSL: Asymmetric DSL

ADSL provides transmission speeds ranging from downstream/upstream rates of 9 Mbps/640


kbps over a relatively short distance to 1.544 Mbps/16 kbps as far as 18,000 feet. The former
speeds are more suited to a business, the latter more to the computing needs of a residential
customer.

ADSL's substantial bandwidth accommodates large downstream transmissions, such as receiving


data from a host computer or downloading multimedia files.

Its lopsided nature and various speed/distance options available within this range make ADSL
attractive for use in high-speed internet access. Like most DSL services standardized by ANSI as
T1.413, ADSL enables you to lease and pay for only the bandwidth you need.

SHDSL: Single-Pair, High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line

Also known as G.SHDSL, this type of DSL transmits data at much higher speeds than older
types of DSL. It enables faster transmission and connections to the internet over regular copper
telephone lines than traditional voice modems can provide. Support of symmetrical data rates
makes SHDSL a popular choice for businesses using PBXs, private networks, web hosting and
other services.

SHDSL can be used effectively in enterprise LAN applications. When interconnecting sites on a
corporate campus, buildings and network devices are often beyond the reach of a standard
Ethernet segment. Now you can use existing copper network infrastructure to connect remote
LANs across longer distances and at higher speeds than previously thought possible.

Ratified as a standard in 2001, SHDSL combines ADSL and SDSL features for communications
over two or four (multiplexed) copper wires. SHDSL provides symmetrical upstream and
downstream transmission with rates ranging from 192 kbps to 2.3 Mbps. As a departure from
older DSL services designed to provide higher downstream speeds, SHDSL specified higher
upstream rates, too. Higher transmission rates of 384 kbps to 4.6 Mbps can be achieved using
two to four copper pairs. The distance varies according to the loop rate and noise conditions.

For higher-bandwidth symmetric links, newer G.SHDSL devices for four-wire applications
support 10-Mbps rates at distances up to 1.3 miles (2 km). Equipment for two-wire deployments
can transmit up to 5.7 Mbps at the same distance.
SHDSL (G.SHDSL) is the first DSL standard to be developed from the ground up and to be
approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a standard for symmetrical
digital subscriber lines. It incorporates features of other DSL technologies, such as ADSL and
SDS, and is specified in the ITU recommendation G.991.2.

VDSL: Very-High-Bit-Rate DSL

Also approved in 2001, VDSL as a DSL service enables downstream/upstream rates up to 52


Mbps/16 Mbps. Extenders for local networks boast 100-Mbps/60-Mbps speeds when
communicating at distances up to 500 feet (152.4 m) over a single voice-grade twisted pair. As a
broadband solution, VDSL enables the simultaneous transmission of voice, data, and video,
including HDTV, video on demand and high-quality video conferencing. Depending on the
application, you can set VDSL to run symmetrically or asymmetrically.

VDSL2: Very-High-Bit-Rate DSL 2

Standardized in 2006, VDSL2 provides higher bandwidth (up to 100 Mbps) and higher
symmetrical speeds than VDSL, enabling its use for Triple Play services (data, video, voice) at
longer distances. While VDSL2 supports upstream/downstream rates similar to VDSL, at longer
distances, the speeds don't deteriorate as much as those transmitted with ordinary VDSL
equipment.

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