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Problem Set 2

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39 views2 pages

Problem Set 2

Uploaded by

Yousef Khatab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ain Shams University Freshmen level

Faculty of Engineering Vibrations and Waves


Department of Eng. Phys. & Math. PHM 121 / Fall - 2024

Problem Set # 2
Potential energy and Conservation of energy
Select the correct answer

1. Is it possible for a system to have negative potential energy?


a) Yes, as long as the kinetic energy is positive.
b) Yes, as long as the total energy is positive.
c) Yes, since the choice of the zero of potential energy is arbitrary.
d) No, because the kinetic energy of a system must equal its potential energy.
e) No, because this would have no physical meaning.

2. A potential energy function for system 1 is given by U1 (x) = Cx2 + Bx3. The potential energy function
for system 2 is given by U2 (x) = A + Cx2 + Bx3, where A is a positive quantity. How does the force on
system 1 relate to the force on system 2 at a given position?
a) The force on the two systems will be in opposite directions.
b) The force is identical on the two systems.
c) The force on the second system will be with less than the force on the first system.
d) There is no relationship between the forces on the two systems.
e) The force on the second system will be with greater than the force on the first system.

3. A 2.0-kg object is moving without friction along the x-axis.


The potential energy curve as a function of position is
shown in the figure, and the system is conservative. If the
speed of the object at the origin is 4.0 m/s, what will be its
speed at 7.0 m along the +x-axis?

a) 4.0 m/s b) 4.2 m/s c) 4.4 m/s d) 4.6 m/s e) 9.8 m/s

Problems

1. A spring has a spring constant k of 82.0 N/m. How much must this spring be compressed to store 35.0 J
of potential energy? [Pb. 1 page 207]

2. A particular spring obeys the force law F = (-kx + ax3 + bx4) i. (a) Is this force conservative? Explain
why or why not. (b) If it is conservative, determine the form of the potential energy function. [Pb.7 page
207]

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3. Assuming the height of the hill in Fig. 3 is 40 m, and the
roller-coaster car starts from rest at the top, calculate: [Ex
8.4 page 191]

a) the speed of the roller-coaster car at the bottom of the hill


b) at what height it will have half this speed. Take y = 0 at the bottom of the hill.
c) Work done by the gravitational force from position 1 to position 2 Fig.3

4. If U = 3x2 + 2xy + 4y2z, what is the force, F? [Pb.8 page 207]

5. A particle is constrained to move in one dimension along the x axis and is acted upon by a force given by
𝑘
⃗𝐹(𝑥) = − î
𝑥3
where k is a constant with units appropriate to the SI system. Find the potential energy function U(x), if U is
arbitrarily defined to be zero at x = 2.0 m, so that U (2.0 m) = 0. [Pb.9 page 207]

6. A spring (k=75 N/m) has an equilibrium length of 1.00m.


The spring is compressed to a length of 0.50m and a mass
of 2.0 kg is placed at its free end on a frictionless slope
which makes an angle of 41° with respect to the horizontal
(Fig. 4). The spring is then released, (a) If the mass is not
attached to the spring, how far up the slope will the mass
move before coming to rest? (b) If the mass is attached to
the spring, how far up the slope will the mass move before
coming to rest? [Pb.42 page 209] Fig.4

With Best wishes


Physics staff members

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