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ENV 107 Lecture 13 Water Polution

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44 views29 pages

ENV 107 Lecture 13 Water Polution

Uploaded by

Iftekhar Akhand
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Outline of today’s lecture

• Water pollution definition


• Water pollutants: sources, types and effects
• Water quality standard
• Drinking water standard
• Water pollution control
• Class cancellation notice (24/10/24)

1
What is water pollution?

Water pollution refers to degradation of water


quality.
Water pollution can be defined as "the presence of
a substance in the environment that because of its
chemical composition or quantity prevents the
functioning of natural processes and produces
undesirable environmental and (human) health
effects.“
Sources and effects of water pollution

3
Pollution Sources
Point sources are direct discharges to
a single point; ex.
• discharges from sewage
treatment plants
• industrial sources.
Non-point sources are diffused
across a broad area and their
contamination cannot be traced to a
single discharge point. Ex.
• runoff of excess fertilizers,
herbicides, and insecticides from
agricultural lands
• Effluent discharge from
residential areas

4
Sources/causes of water pollution

Anthropogenic sources Natural sources


• Domestic Water Pollution • Natural Disaster
• Industrial Water Pollution • Siltation
• Agricultural Water Pollution
• Rainfall
• Ship-breaking Operation
• Global Warming
• Radioactive Waste
• Thermal Pollution
• Oil Pollution
• Global Warming
Domestic water pollution
 Domestic water pollution is
mainly caused by sewage.
 Sewage is defined as the
water-borne waste derived
from home, animal farm or
food processing plants.

 Domestic wastes includes


 human excreta, soaps,
organic materials,
different types of solids,
waste food, oil,
detergents, paper and
cloth
• Some are biodegradable,
some are non-
biodegradable
• The cities (such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna,
Rajshahi) do not have domestic waste
treatment facilities and, therefore, effluents
either directly or indirectly find their way -
untreated into the rivers and, ultimately, into
the Bay of Bengal.

Effects
 Depletion of Oxygen Contents
 Promotion of Algal Growth
 Spread of Infections/Diseases
Major sources of water pollution in Dhaka City

Major sources of water pollution in Dhaka City

Source:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333953614_A_contingent_valuation_approach_to_evaluating_willingness_to_pay_for_an_improv
ed_water_pollution_management_system_in_Dhaka_City_Bangladesh/figures?lo=1
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/2/3/280
Industrial water pollution

 Pollution mainly caused by the discharge of industrial wastes into the water
body is known as industrial pollution.
 Mainly all major industries are located on or near the coastline or riversides.
 These wastes contain a wide variety of inorganic and organic substances.
 Pollutants from industrial sources include:
 Oils and greases,
 Plastics,
 Suspended solids,
 Heavy metals: lead, mercury,
 Acids, Nitrates, Phosphates, Sulphur, Petrochemicals

Total number of industries in Bangladesh?

More than 46,000


Contribution of water-polluting industries in Bangladesh to total water pollution
load (Karmaker et al., 2022)
Industrial water pollution

 The discharge of industrial wastes results into the following –


 Organic substances deplete the oxygen content.
 Inorganic substances render the water unfit for drinking and
other purposes.
 Acids and alkalies adversely effect the growth of fish and other
aquatic organisms.
 Dye change the colour of water and affect the aquatic life.
 Toxic substances cause serious damage to flora and fauna.
 Oil and other greasy substances interfere with the self
purification mechanism of water.
Agricultural water pollution

 Water pollution can be caused by agricultural wastes that are


washed off from the land to the surface and ground water system
through irrigation, rainfall and leaching.

 Pollutants from agricultural sources include:


 Fertilizers (urea, phosphate, potassium etc.)
 Pesticides (aldrin, dieldrin, lindane, DDT etc.)
 Animal wastes
 Salts dissolved in irrigation water
 Sediments
Geographical Source:
• inside Bangladesh
• outside Bangladesh
Pesticides
• 253 registered pesticides for agriculture and 85 for
public health
• DDT is banned, it is still used in agriculture and
mosquito control, even in dry fish preservation

15
Shipbreaking operations

Good or Bad?
Radioactive waste

Nuclear waste is produced from industrial, medical and scientific


processes that use radioactive material. Nuclear waste comes
from a number of sources:

•Operations conducted by nuclear power stations produce


radioactive waste. Nuclear-fuel reprocessing plants are the
biggest sources of man-made nuclear waste in the
surrounding ocean.

•Mining and refining of uranium and thorium are also causes


of marine nuclear waste.

•Nuclear waste can have detrimental effects on marine


habitats.
Oil pollution

 Oil Pollution causes when oceans and rivers are polluted by oil on
a daily basis from oil spills, routine shipping, run-offs and
dumping.
 Oil spill cause a very localized problem but can be catastrophic
to local marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters.
 A layer of oil floating on the ocean surface can interfere with
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and reduce the
rate of photosynthesis of marine plankton and the respiration
of marine animals.
 Oil cannot dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge in the
water. This suffocates fish, gets caught in the feathers of
marine birds stopping them from flying and blocks light from
photosynthetic aquatic plants.
Oil Pollution

Ocean water is polluted by Oil during extraction


A Bangladeshi oil-tanker lies half-submerged after it was hit by a
cargo vessel on the Shela River in the Sundarbans in Mongla.
Oil Pollution

Oil pollution impacts


Climate change

Will be covered in a separate class


Natural Pollution

Natural disaster – flooding, cyclones, volcanic eruption


- decomposing carcasses, spread pollutants
Siltation – land erosion: pollutants are trapped

Rainfall – disperse the pollutants


Water quality parameters

– Physical
• Suspended solid (SS), color, taste, smell, temperature
– Chemical
• Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) & Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD)
• pH
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
– Biological
• Bacteria, virus, protozoa, helminthes

24
Drinking water Standards

CONTAMINANT MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL (MG/L)

Arsenic 0.05

Cadmium 0.01

Lead 0.015

Mercury 0.002
Endrin
0.0002
Lindane 0.004
Fecal coliform bacteria 1 cell/100 ml
Water quality
standards for
industries and
projects
Water Pollution Control
References

• BOTKIN, D. B. & KELLER, E.A. 2011


• An environmental assessment of the Bay of Bengal region – S. Holmgren
• Das et al. 2010. Heavy metal….
• http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/iwrm.shtml
• Some are from outside the book; read directly from here.
• But you are free to enrich your notes from other sources.

• Additional reading:
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010021003905
Class cancellation notice

Class cancelled for 24/10/2024

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