T1390(E)(A9)T

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

POWER MACHINES N5
(8190035)

9 April 2018 (X-Paper)

09:00–12:00
REQUIREMENTS: Steam tables (BOE 173)
Superheated Steam Tables (Appendix to BOE 173)

Calculators may be used.

Candidates need drawing instruments.

This question paper consists of 5 pages and a formula sheet of 3 pages.

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DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
POWER MACHINES N5
TIME: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Read ALL the questions carefully.

3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this question
paper.

4. Write neatly and legibly.

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QUESTION 1

1.1 Name THREE compounds, with their chemical symbols, that are formed when
the combustion of fuel is complete. (6)

1.2 State TWO functions of a steam condenser. (4)

[10]

QUESTION 2

Air in a cylinder has a pressure of 95 kPa and a temperature of 38 °C. The air is
compressed according to the law PV1, 24 = C, until the pressure is 650 kPa. The initial
volume of air is 1,25 m3. Take the gas constant R as 0,287 kJ/kg.

Calculate the following:

2.1 The mass of the air (4)

2.2 The final volume of the air after compression (3)

2.3 The final absolute temperature of the air after compression (4)

2.4 The work done on the air during compression (4)

[15]

QUESTION 3

Feedwater enters an economiser at a temperature of 32,9 °C in a steam boiler plant.

The boiler has a pressure of 2 500 kPa and uses 650 kg of coal per hour. The calorific
value of the coal is 33 MJ/kg. Feed water from the economiser enters the boiler at a
temperature of 90 °C. The boiler produces 5 000 kg of wet steam per hour and the
steam is 0,95 dry.

Calculate the following:

3.1 The quantity of heat absorbed by the feed water in the economiser (4)

3.2 The thermal efficiency of the boiler (7)

3.3 The equivalent evaporation (EE) from and at 100 °C (4)

[15]

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QUESTION 4

The barometer and the manometer readings of a surface condenser are 755 mmHg
and 650 mmHg respectively. The condenser receives 200 kg of steam per minute and
is 10% wet. The inlet temperature of the cooling water is 15 °C and the outlet
temperature is 23 °C. The condensate leaves the condenser at a temperature of
45,8 °C. Take the specific heat capacity of water as 4,187 kJ/kg.K.

Calculate the following:

4.1 The absolute pressure (3)

4.2 The mass of cooling water (9)

4.3 The logarithmic temperature difference (3)

[15]

QUESTION 5

A liquid fuel C7H18 of 1 kg mass with 40% excess air is completely burned. The atomic
masses of these elements are as follows:

Hydrogen = 1
Oxygen = 16
Carbon = 12

Assume that air consists of 23% oxygen and 77% nitrogen by mass.

Calculate the following:

5.1 The theoretical mass of air required for complete combustion of 1 kg of the
fuel (5)

5.2 The actual mass of air required for the combustion of 1 kg of the fuel (2)

5.3 The mass of each product of combustion (4)

5.4 The percentage of each mass of combustion (4)

[15]

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QUESTION 6

1 kg mass of air enters a single-cylinder, single-stage air compressor at a pressure of

103 kPa and a temperature of 22 °C. The air is then compressed according to the law
1
PVn = C to a pressure of 900 kPa and a volume which is of the initial volume.
6
Ignore the clearance volume. Take R for air as 0,287 kJ/kg.K.

Calculate the following:

6.1 The compression index (n) (5)

6.2 The absolute temperature compression (3)

6.3 The volume after compression (3)

6.4 The work done per kg of air (4)

[15]

QUESTION 7

The velocity of a gas leaving the nozzle of a single-stage impulse turbine is 900 m/s
and the nozzle angle is 20°. The blade velocity is 300 m/s and the blade velocity of
coefficient is 0,7. The mass flow rate of the gas is 1 kg/s. The inlet and the outlet
angles of the moving blade are equal.

7.1 Construct a velocity diagram in the ANSWER BOOK (landscape) and enter
ALL the values (m/s) onto the diagram.

Use the scale 1 mm : 5 m/s

NOTE: NO marks will be given if the values are NOT indicated on the
diagram and if the diagram is NOT constructed to scale. (8)

7.2 Determine the following from the velocity diagram:

7.2.1 The inlet velocity of the moving blade (1)

7.2.2 The outlet velocity of the moving blade (1)

7.2.3 The axial thrust (2)

7.2.4 The diagram efficiency (3)

[15]

TOTAL: 100

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POWER MACHINES N5
FORMULA SHEET

1. Q  W  U n 1
n 1
T2  P2  n V 
17.     1 
2. U  mC T T1  P1   V2 

3. Q  mC T  1
 1
T2  P2   V 
18.     1 
4. Q  mC p T T1  P1   V2 

V2 19. h  h f  h fg
5. Q  P1V1 ln
V1
20. h  hg  C p T
 T V 
6. S  m C ln 2  R ln 2  21. h  h f  h fg  hg
 T1 V1 

W  P1V n  1  hsup  1 941 

7. 22. Vsup   
n  P 
V2
8. W  P1V1 ln
Vm
V1 23. 
Vg
P1V1  P2V2
9. W 
n 1 M
24. 
M m
P1V1  P2V2
10. W
 1 25. U = H - PV

R  C p  C 1 2
11. 26. gZ1  U1  P1V1  C1  Q 
2
1
Cp gZ 2  U 2  P2V2  C2 2  W
12.   2
C

m s (h2  h1 )
13.
P1V1 P2V2
 27.  
T1 T2 m  CV

14. PV = mRT 
m s (h2  h1)
28. EE  
15. P1V1  P2V2 m  2 257

16. P1V1n  P2V2n 101,325

29. p  ( Bm  M m )
760

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100  8 
30. m C 3  8 H 2  S  O2 
23  

 y y
31. Cx H y   x  O2  xCO2  H 2O
 4 2

 O 
32. H .C.V .  (CVC .C )  CVH 2  H 2  2   (CVs .S )
 8 

33. L.C.V .  H .C.V .  h fg (9H 2 )

(mw  me ) C p T
34. H .C.V . 
mf

 n 1   n 1 
 n   P2  n   n   P2  n 
35. W  P1Ve      1  mRT1      1
 n  1   P1    n  1   P1  
   

 1  1
Ve Vc  P2  n 
36. c  .100  1     1  1     (rp ) n
Vs Vs  P1 
 
 

V
37.   .100
Vs


38. Fc  m(C fe  C fi )


39. P  mU [Cwi  (Cwe )]

2U [Cwi  (Cwe )]
40.  .100
Cai 2

41. U = DN


42. m V  AC

43. (m  M ) g  m 2h


44. Vs  D2 L
4

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45. θ1  tc  twi

46. θ2  tc  two

θ1  θ2
47. Log.temp.diff. 
θ
n 1
θ2

P 
48. Piso  P1 V1 n  2 
 P1 

 n 1

 P2 
P1 V1   1
n n
49. Pact   
n 1  
  P1  

Piso
50. Niso   100
Pact

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