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Understanding Marginalization

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24 views14 pages

Understanding Marginalization

Uploaded by

vibhoresingh.coding
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNDERSTANDING

MARGINALIZATION
MEANING OF MARGINALISATION
A CONDITION IN WHICH ONE FINDS ITSELF ON THE FRINGES OF SOCIETY
AND IS DEPRIVED OF EQUAL ACCESS TO RESOURCES AND
OPPORTUNITIES

WHAT COULD BE THE CAUSES OF SUCH CONDITION?

LANGUAGE?

A DIFFERENT APPEARANCE?

OR FEAR OR HOSTILITY ?
INTRODUCTION TO ADIVASIS
ABOUT ADIVASIS

● Original inhabitants’ – are communities who lived, and often continue to live, in close
association with forests.
● Around 8 per cent of India’s population is Adivasi and many of India’s most important mining
and industrial centres are located in Adivasi areas
● Adivasis are not a homogeneous population: there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in
India.
● Adivasis are particularly numerous in states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and in the
north-eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,
Sikkim and Tripura.
●
● A state like Odisha is home to more than 60 different tribal groups.
WHAT MAKES ADIVASIS DIFFERENT FROM MAINSTREAM SOCIETY?

MAIN SOCIETY ADIVASI SOCIETY

ORGANISED ON HIERARCHICAL LINES LIKE EGALITARIAN WITHOUT CASTE BASED


VARNA SYSTEM HIERARCHIES

COMPLEX SOCIO ECONOMIC STRUCTURE SIMPLE SOCIETY WITHOUT SOCIO


ECONOMIC DIVISIONS

ADIVASIS AND THEIR BELIEF SYSTEM


● Practise a range of belief systems that are different from other religions.
● Involves the worship of ancestors, village and nature spirits where village spirits are associated with
sacred groves and ancestral is with home
● Not only tribals belief system was Influenced by different surrounding religions like Shakta, Buddhist,
Vaishnav, Bhakti and Christianity but have also shaped dominant mainstream beliefs like Jagannath
Cult in Odisha and Shakti or Tantrik in Bengal and Assam
● Adivasi language has also shaped various mainstream Indian languages like Bengali and Santhali
today stands as the most popular Adivasi language with significant websites and publications
FORMS OF ADIVASI STEREOTYPING
● Colourful costumes, headgear and through their dancing.
● Exotic, primitive and backward.
● Blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change or new
ideas

CONSEQUENCES

● EXCLUSION
● DISCRIMINATION
● SEGREGATION
● MARGINALISATION
TRACING THE ADIVASI CONTRIBUTION TO INDIA’S
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PRE MODERN ERA
Adivasis are original forest dwellers and forest are the repositories of precious
minerals, herbs, medicines and animal products

Also forest are crucial to maintain regular flow of rivers , clean air and ecological
balance
Forests covered the major part of our country till the nineteenth century and the Adivasis had
a deep knowledge of, access to, as well as control over most of these vast tracts at least till
the middle of the nineteenth century which made them crucial for the earst while rulers of
prominent empires
CURRENT STATUS OF ADIVASIS?
HAVE THEY LOST THEIR ERSTWHILE SIGNIFICANCE? A COMPARISON

PRE COLONIAL ERA MODERN ERA

Traditionally ranged hunter- gatherers and Socio- economic changes, forest policies and
nomads and lived by shifting agriculture and political force applied by the State and private
also cultivating in one place. industry – to migrate to lives as workers in
plantations, at construction sites, in industries
and as domestic workers.

Enjoyed unrestrained freedom to access forest Restricted entry and displacement from forest
areas
FACTORS BEHIND ADIVASIS’S LOSS OF ACCESS TO
FOREST
Forest lands have been cleared for timber and to get land for agriculture, industries and mining leading to massive
displacement of tribals from their original homeland ( official figure verifies almost 50% tribal migration to mines as
labourers)

79 per cent of the persons displaced from the states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand are
tribals due to building of multipurpose projects which submerged large tracts of their land under water.

In the North east, their lands remained occupied with military due to strategic and sensitive borders and counter
separatist movements.

Further eviction of tribes from forest has been due to government policy to preserve valuable forest as National
Parks or Wildlife Sancturaries.
CONSEQUENCES
● MIGRATION TO CITIES AND SETTLING WITH LOW PAID JOBS
● IMPOVERISHMENT, LOW LITERACY, ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION AND MALNOURISHMENT
● (45 per cent of tribal groups in rural areas and 35 per cent in urban areas live below the poverty line.)
● LOSS OF TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS
MINORITIES AND MARGINALISATION
WHO ARE CONSIDERED TO BE MINORITIES?
Commonly used to refer to communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of the population.

Often used for linguistic and religious groups


Power
Has multidimensional implications
Access to
resources

Socio-cultural
Why constitution provides safeguards to minorities in
India?
● Culture of the majority influences the way in which society and government might express
themselves.
● Size can be a disadvantage and lead to the marginalisation of the relatively smaller
communities.
● Protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the
majority.
● Protect them against any discrimination and disadvantage that they may face.
● To alleviate a sense of insecurity that minorities may feel.
● Protecting India’s cultural diversity and promoting equality as well as justice.
Facts about Muslim Population in India
According to 2011 Census, Muslims are 14.2 percent of India's population and are considered to be
a marginalized community because of their having comparatively lower status of socio-economic
development.

Recognising that Muslims in India were lagging behind in terms of various development indicators, the
government set up a high-level committee in 2005 chaired by Justice Rajinder Sachar to examine
socio-economic and educational condition of Muslims in India.

The report highlighted the comparative element between Muslims and SC and ST in India.

WHAT ARE THE OTHER DIMENSIONS OF MUSLIM MARGINALISATION?

Muslim customs and practices are sometimes quite distinct from what is seen as the mainstream.

Some – not all – Muslims may wear a burqa, sport a long beard, wear a fez, and these become ways to
identify all Muslims.

Because of this, they tend to be identified differently and some people think they are not like the ‘rest of us’
and oare often discriminated and ghettoisation

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