Scribd
Upload
77 views12 pages

DRAW 111 Sketching

Uploaded by

rotsenkyron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views12 pages

DRAW 111 Sketching

Uploaded by

rotsenkyron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

DRAW 111

FUNDAMENTALS OF TECHNICAL
DRAWING AND SKETCHING

● SKETCHING

CREDITED TO:
Gary R. Bertoline, Introduction to Graphics Communications for Engineers
https://civilseek.com/free-hand-sketching/
History of Sketching
In Classical Antiquity, artists used a metal stylus to sketch on papyrus. During the era of
Renaissance art (1400-1530), the stylus was employed with a variety of metal alloys to create
other dry media like metalpoint and silverpoint. Apprentice artists and young pupils were usually
given an empty stylus with which to practice sketching by making easily removable linear marks
on wax tablets.

However by the 18th and 19th century sketching became an independent type of art, even
acquiring the additional sense of a stand-alone artwork. It became a popular hobby enjoyed by
both amateur and professional artists alike and was a useful tool for retaining memories at a time
before photography was invented. Popular mediums for sketching were similar to those for
drawing, and included pencil and crayon, as well as pen-and-ink and charcoal. Even pastel
drawings were made.

CONCEPT OF SKETCHING
A sketch by definition is a quick, loose and open drawing. Forms of sketching can range
from providing a kind of visual note taking, observing real conditions and situations, to the
production of analytical drawings that deconstruct an idea or concept. Sketches can be
categorized according to concept, analysis and observation.
a. Conceptual sketches can reveal the essence of a complex idea.
b. Analytical sketches is a traditional style of pencil-and-paper drawing where an artist precisely
constructs 2D projections of 3D shapes using the rules of perspective.
c. Observational sketches is a drawing what you see.

TECHNICAL SKETCHING
Technical sketching is the process of producing a rough, preliminary drawing representing the main
features of a product or structure. A technical sketch is generally less finished, less structured or restricted,
and it takes less time than other types of freehand illustrations. Technical sketches can take many different
forms, depending on the clarity needed and the purpose of the sketch, both of which depend on the
audience for which the sketch is intended.

Shaded

Pictorial Design Process


Orthographic
KINDS OF FREEHAND SKETCHING
1. Artist drawing - drawings without the use of drawing instruments or straightedges.
2. Technical drawing/sketching - drawing done by industrial workers/technical men as working
sketches which are also freehand but are shown in special type of drawing such as:
2.1 Orthographic sketching - a kind of technical sketching with proportional layout of different view
of an object.
2.2 Pictorial sketching - a presentation of drawing seen by the naked eye, using different
axonometric, oblique and perspective projections.

Grid for Orthographic drawing Grid for Isometric drawing Grid for Perspective drawing
Freehand Sketching Tools
Pencils The lead used in pencils comes in many different hardnesses; the harder the lead, the
lighter and crisper the line. For general-purpose sketching, leads in the H and HB range will give
you acceptable lines.
Pencil grades can be divided in three groups:
1. Hard : 9H, 8H, 7H,6H, 5H and 4H
2. Medium : 3H, 2H, H, F, HB and B
3. Soft : 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B and 7B

Following grades are used in engineering drawings:


3H - Construction lines
2H - Dimension lines, Center lines, Sectional lines, Hidden lines
H - Object lines and lettering
HB - Dimensioning and boundary lines
Eraser Erasing should only be used to correct mistakes in a line, not to make changes in a design.
Such changes should be recorded on a separate sketch, and the original sketch should be
preserved.

Paper There is a wide range of paper choices for sketching.


Sketching Technique
There are common techniques used to create a good sketches quickly. With patience and practice, it
is possible for one person to become good at making quick, clear sketches, regardless of your experience
and natural drawing ability.

Seeing, Imagining and Representing

Seeing is the primary sensory channel because so


much information can be gathered through our eyes and
the best developed sense. Seeing empower us to sketch.
Imagining is the process that our minds use to take
the visual data received by our eyes to form some
structure and meaning.
Representing is the process of creating sketches of
what our mind sees.

Sketching is based on interactive process of seeing, imagining


and representing

SKETCHING PROCESS
Sketching of Lines in Free Hand Drawing.
1. Sketching of Straight Lines.

The line is the most important part of free hand drawing as sketching is done by different lines.
Straight lines can be divided into different lines such as oblique, horizontal, and vertical lines. So,
when drawing the straight lines, moving your forearm is important. Basically, when drawing horizontal
straight lines.The distance between your hand and pencil tip should be 40 mm minimum, and your
hand should rest on the edge of the paper. Straight lines are drawn with the thumb and index fingers.
The most important part of sketching
straight lines is that your movement should be in a
controlled manner. You can also draw oblique lines
by just changing the position of your arm. The easiest
way to draw long straight lines is by sketching short lines
and then connecting it with one another.

(i). Sketching of Vertical Lines. A vertical line is


drawn from the top to the bottom of the drawing
sheet.It takes a lot of practice to draw vertical
lines.
(ii). Sketching of Horizontal Lines.
When sketching horizontal lines, your hand and forearm should turn at the elbow, and the edge of
your hand should slide horizontally on the paper. When drawing a horizontal line, you should first try
drawing a line in the air to see how the line goes. Then apply a little pressure on the pencil tip and draw a
horizontal line lightly.

(iii). Sketching of Oblique Lines.


The oblique lines are drawn from the one corner of the page to
the other diagonally. Usually, the right-handed people draw sloping
or oblique lines from the bottom left to the top right of the paper.
2. Sketching of Rectangles.
A rectangle is a common shape in technical drawings. To draw rectangles via free hand sketching
different techniques are used. The easiest way to draw a rectangle is by drawing vertical or horizontal lines
and rotating the paper at 90 degrees angle.

3. Sketching of Curved Lines.


Curved lines in the drawing can be arcs, circles, etc.
To draw a circle, first of all, you should draw a centerline and mark it with
radii. Shape the radii points into a box, inside in which you can draw a
circle.
Creating a Proportional Sketch

Proportion is the ratio between any two dimensions of an object. These proportions are represented in the
sketch by a series of preliminary lines, which are drawn light and fast and their purpose is to form a
backbone, a structure inside which the final line work can be drawn.

Step 1 Gage the proportion of the overall size of the object.


For the first sketch, use two overall dimensions of the object:
width and height. Lightly sketch a box that represents the ratio
of these two dimensions. This box is called a bounding box.
Step 2 Inside the first bounding box, draw other boxes to
represent the larger features of the object, and within those
boxes draw still others to represent the smaller features of
the object.
Step 3 Continue to draw bounding boxes until the smallest
features of the object have been represented.
Step 4 When all of the features of the object have been
boxed, begin sketching the final linework, which is done
significantly darker than the construction lines.
REFERENCES:

Gary R. Bertoline, Introduction to Graphics Communications for Engineers

https://civilseek.com/free-hand-sketching/
Thank You
for
Listening!

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy