Curriculum and Credit Framework

For the
Four Year Under Graduate Programme (FYUGP)
As per provisions of NEP-2020
Vinoba Bhave University Hazaribag

Subject: Chemistry

To be implemented from the Academic Year 2022-23

(From session 2022-26)

1|Page
 Chemistry Minor
Chemistry may be opted as Minor-1 by the students having Major subject from
a) Natural & Physical Sciences (other than Chemistry) and
b) Mathematics, Statistics & Computer application streams.
It is intended to support the Major subject. There will be four papers of Chemistry minor of
4 credits each with following description:
i. Theory: 3 credits of 75 marks with pass marks 30.
ii. Practical: 1 credit of 25 marks with pass marks 10.
The chemistry Minor can be opted in odd semesters as follows:
Semester Minor paper No. of Credits
Theory Practical
I MN-1A (CHE) 3 Credits (75 Marks) 1 Credit (25 Credits)
(SIE=10+5, ESE =60) (SIE= 0, ESE =25)
III MN-1B (CHE) 3 Credits (75 Marks) 1 Credit (25 Credits)
(SIE=10+5, ESE =60) (SIE= 0, ESE =25)
V MN-1C (CHE) 3 Credits (75 Marks) 1 Credit (25 Credits)
(SIE=10+5, ESE =60) (SIE= 0, ESE =25)
VII MN-1D (CHE) 3 Credits (75 Marks) 1 Credit (25 Credits)
(SIE=10+5, ESE =60) (SIE= 0, ESE =25)

MN-1A (Theory): Inorganic and Organic Chemistry

Marks: 15 (5 Attd. + 10 SIE: 1Hr) + 60 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 75 Pass Marks: Th (SIE + ESE) = 30

(Credits: Theory-03) 45 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter for
Semester Internal Examination (SIE 10+5=15 marks):
The Semester Internal Examination shall have two components. (a) One Semester Internal
Examination Written Test (SIE) of 10 Mark (b) Class Attendance Score (CAS) including the
behaviour of the student towards teachers and other students of the College of 5 marks.
End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):
There will be two group of questions A and B. Group A is compulsory which will contain three
questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1
mark each. Question No. 2 & 3 will be short answer type of 5 marks. Group B will contain
descriptive type five questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any three are to be
answered.
Note: There may be subdivisions in the questions of group B.

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 Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-1
1. Atomic Structure: Review of Bohr’s theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of
matter and radiation, de-Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle,
Hydrogen atom structure, Need of a new approach to Atomic structure. Significance
of quantum numbers: Orbital angular momentum quantum numbers 𝑚𝑙 , Shapes of s,
p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and
magnetic spin quantum number (𝑚𝑠 ). Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals,
Electronic, configurations of the atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled
orbitals, concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous
electronic configurations.
(10 Lectures)
2. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Ionic Bounding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in ionic
bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of
stability and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Lande equation for
calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power
and polarizability, Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond
moment, dipole moment and percentage ionic-character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the
basis of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar,
square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
Concept of resonance and resonation structure in various inorganic and inorganic and
organic molecules/ions.
(10 Lectures)

Section B: Organic Chemistry-1

1. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry:
a) Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, electronic Effect, Resonance and
Hyperconjugation, Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis. Structure,
Shape and reactivity of organic molecules, Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
b) Reactive intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions and free radicals.
c) Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on
factors affecting pK values. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Huckel’s rule.
(8 Lectures)

2. Stereochemistry
Conformations with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane, Interconversion of
Wedge Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representation, Concept of chirality
(up to two carbon atoms). Configuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism;

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 Enantiomers, Diastereomers and Meso compounds. Threo- and erythro- D and L-cis–
trans nomenclature; CIP Rules; R/S (for up to 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E/Z
Nomenclature (for up to two C=C systems).
(7 Lectures)
3. Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Fundamental group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions)
to be studied in context to their structure.
a) Alkanes: (up to 5 Carbons). Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction,
Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution:
halogenation.
b) Alkenes: (up to 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of
alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes
(Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions:
cis-addition (alk. KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX
(Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s addition), hydration, Ozonolysis,
oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation.
c) Alkynes: (up to 5 Carbons) Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into
higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of
vicinal-dihalides. Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine
and alkaline KMnO4. Ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO4
(20 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. J. D. Lee: A new Concise Inorganic chemistry, E. L. B. S.
2. F.A. Cotton & G. Wilknson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley.
3. Douglas, McDaniel and Alexader: Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry, john
Wiely.
4. James E. Huheey, Ellen Keiter and Richard Keiter: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Publication.
5. T.W. Graham Solomon: Organic Chemistry, John Wiely and Sons.
6. Peter Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman.
7. E.L.Eliel: Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, tata McGraw Hill.
8. I. L. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E. L. B. S.
9. R. T. Morrison & R. N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry. Prentice Hall.
10. Arun Bahl and B. S. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand.

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MN-1A (Practical): Inorganic and Organic Chemistry

Marks:0 (SIE) + 25 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 25 Pass Marks: = 10

(Credits: Practical-01) 30 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter for
1 Practical = 20 Marks
Viva-voce + Note-book = 5 Marks

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-volumetric Analysis

1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.
2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.
3. Estimation of Water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator.
5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically Na2S2O3.

Section B: Organic Chemistry

1. Detection of extra elements (N, S, Cl, Br, I) in organic compounds (containing up to two
extra elements).

Reference Books:
1. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, A. I. Vogel, Prentice Hall, 7th Edition.
2. Vogel’s Qualitative Chemical Analysis, A. I. Vogel, Prentice Hall, 6th edition.
3. Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, A. I. Vogel, Prentice Hall, 5th Edition.
4. Practical Organic Chemistry, F. G. Mann. & B. C. Saunders, Orient Longman, 1960.

MN-1B (Theory): Physical and Organic Chemistry

Marks: 15 (5 Attd. + 10 SIE: 1Hr) + 60 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 75 Pass Marks: Th (SIE + ESE) = 30

(Credits: Theory-03) 45 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter
Semester Internal Examination (SIE 10+5=15 marks):
The Semester Internal Examination shall have two components. (a) One Semester Internal
Examination Written Test (SIE) of 10 Mark (b) Class Attendance Score (CAS) including the
behaviour of the student towards teachers and other students of the College of 5 marks.
End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):

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There will be two group of questions A and B. Group A is compulsory which will contain three
questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1
mark each. Question No. 2 & 3 will be short answer type of 5 marks. Group B will contain
descriptive type five questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any three are to be
answered.
Note: There may be subdivisions in the questions of group B.

Section A: Physical Chemistry-1

1. Chemical Energetics:
Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics, Important principles and
limitations of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and standard enthalpies of
formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution and dilution. Calculation of bond
energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data. Variation
of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature-Kirchhoff’s equation.

(8 Lectures)

2. Chemical Equilibrium:

Free energy change in a chemical reaction. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical
equilibrium. Distinction between G and G0, Le Chatelier’s principle. Relationships between Kp,
KC and Kx for reactions involving ideal gases.

(5 Lectures)

3. Ionic Equilibria:

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant ionic product to water, lionization of weak acids and bases, PH
for different types of salts solutions and buffer solutions. Solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle.

(7 Lectures)

Section B: Organic Chemistry-2

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
1. Aromatic hydrocarbons
Preparation (case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from
benzene sulphonic acid.
Reactions: (Case benzene): electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenation and
sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (up to 4 carbons on
benzene). Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzene (up to 4 carbons on benzene).
(8 Lectures)
2. Alkyl and Aryl Halides
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 a) Alkyl Halides (up to 5 Carbons) Types of nucleophile Substitution (SN1, SN2 and
SNi) reactions.
Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.
Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation.
Williamson’s ether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution.

b) Aryl Halides: Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from

phenol, Sandmeyer & Gattermann reactions.
Reactions: (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement
by –OH group) and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3
(or NaNH2/NH3).
(8 Lectures)
3. Alcohols and Phenols (up to 5 Carbons)
a) Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 10, 20,and 30 alcohols: using Grignard
reagent, Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and
esters.
Reactions: with sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk.
KMnO4, acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer oxidation) oxidation of
diols(up to 6 Carbons), Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
b) Phenols: (Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from
diazonium salts. Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation
and sulphonation. Reimer-Tiemann Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction,
Houben-Hoesch Condensation, Schotten-Baumann Reaction.
(9 Lectures)
Reference Books:
1. T. W. Graham Solomons: Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.
2. Peter Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman.
3. I. L. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E. L. B. S.
4. R. T. Morrison & R. N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
5. Arun Bahl and B.S. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand.
6. G. W. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
7. J. C. Kotz, P. M. Treichel & J. R. Townsend: General Chemistry Cengage Lening India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
8. B. H. Mahan: University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
9. R. H. Petrucci: General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York (1985).

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MN-1B (Practical): Physical and Organic Chemistry
Marks:0 (SIE) + 25 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 25 Pass Marks: = 10

(Credits: Practical-01) 30 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter
1 Practical = 20 Marks
Viva-voce + Note-book = 5 Marks
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Thermochemistry
1. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes.
2. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide.
Ionic equilibria
a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos
and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass
electrode) using pH-meter.
b) Preparation of buffer solutions:
I. Sodium acetate-acetic acid
II. Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide.
Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical
values.
Section B: Organic Chemistry
1. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and
distillation.
2. Criteria of purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.
3. Preparation:
Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields
to be done.
a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline.
b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols.
c) Oxime and 2.4 - dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone.
Reference Books:
1. I. Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, Prentice Hall.

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 2. F. G. Mann& B. C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman (1960).
3. B. D. Khosla, Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.

MN-1C (Theory): Physical and Organic Chemistry

Marks: 15 (5 Attd. + 10 SIE: 1Hr) + 60 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 75 Pass Marks: Th (SIE + ESE) = 30

(Credits: Theory-03) 45 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter
Semester Internal Examination (SIE 10+5=15 marks):
The Semester Internal Examination shall have two components. (a) One Semester Internal
Examination Written Test (SIE) of 10 Mark (b) Class Attendance Score (CAS) including the
behaviour of the student towards teachers and other students of the College of 5 marks.
End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):
There will be two group of questions A and B. Group A is compulsory which will contain three
questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1
mark each. Question No. 2 & 3 will be short answer type of 5 marks. Group B will contain
descriptive type five questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any three are to be
answered.
Note: There may be subdivisions in the questions of group B.

Section A: Physical Chemistry-2 (20 Lectures)

1. Solutions:
Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations
from Raoult’s law-non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and
temperature-composition curves and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of
solutions. Lever rule. Azeotropes.
Partial miscibility of Iiquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on
partial miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids-Principle of steam distillation.
Nernst distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction.
2. Phase Equilibrium
Phase, components and degree of freedom of a system, criteria of phase
equilibrium. Gibbs Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of
Clausius – Clapeyron equation and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase
diagram of one-component system (water and sulphur).
3. Conductance
Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution
for weak and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
Conductometric titrations (only acid-base).
4. Electrochemistry

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 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of
a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode
potential. Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation
of thermodynamics properties: G. H. and S from EMF data.
Section B: Organic Chemistry-3 ( 25 Lectures)
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
1. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Carboxylic acids (aliphatic and aromatic).
Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis esters.
Reactions: Hell-Vohlard- Zelinsky Reaction.
2. Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (up to 5 carbons)
Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their
interconversion.
Reactions: Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Reformatsky
Reaction, Perkin condensation.
3. Amines and Diazonium Salts
Amines (Aliphatic Aromatic): (up to 5 carbons)
Preparation: From alkyl halides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann
Bromamide reaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs Saytzeff’s elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg’s test,
with HNO2. Schotten – Baumann Reaction, Electrophilic substitution (case
aniline): nitration, bromination, sulphonation.
Diazonium salts: Preparation: from aromatic amines.
Reactions: Conversion to benzene, phenol, dyes.
4. Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins:
Preparation of amino acids: Strecker synthesis using Gabriel’s Phthalimide
synthesis. Zwitterion, Isoelectric point and electrophoresis.
Reactions of amino Acids: ester of –COOH group, acetylation of –NH2 group,
complexation with Cu2+ ions, ninhydrin test.
Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure of proteins.
5. Carbohydrates: Classification, General properties, Glucose and fructose (open
chain and cyclic structure), Determination of configuration of monosaccharides,
absolute configuration of Glucose and fructose, mutarotation, ascending and
descending in monosaccharides, Structure of disaccharides (sucrose, cellobiose,
maltose, lactose).
Reference Books:
1. G. W. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).

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 2. J. C. Kotz, P. M. Treichel, J.R. Townsend, General Chemistry, Cengage Learning
India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (2009).
3. B. H. Mahan: University Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Narosa (1988).
4. R. H. Petrucci, General Chemistry, 5th Ed., Macmillan Publishing Co. New York
(1985).
5. Morrisin, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson education).
6. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson education).
7. Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7 th Ed., W. H.
Freeman.
8. Berg, J. M. Tymoczko, J. L. & Stryer, L. Biochemistry 7th Ed., W. H. Freeman.

MN-1C (Practical): Physical and Organic Chemistry

Marks:0 (SIE) + 25 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 25 Pass Marks: = 10

(Credits: Practical-01) 30 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter

1 Practical = 20 Marks
Viva-voce + Note-book = 5 Marks
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Distribution Law
Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:
a) 𝐼2 (𝑎𝑞)+𝐼 − + (𝑎𝑞) ⇌ 𝐼3− (𝑎𝑞)
b) 𝐶𝑢2+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑥𝑁𝐻3 ⇌ [𝐶𝑢(𝑁𝐻3 )𝑥 ]2+
Conductance
a) Determination of Cell constant.
b) Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
c) Perform the following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. Strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. Strong base
iii. Weak acid vs. Strong base
Section B: Organic Chemistry
Systematic Qualitative organic analysis of organic compounds possessing mono-functional
groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines and preparation of one
derivative.
Reference Books:
1. I. Vogel: Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 5th Ed.

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 2. F. G. Mann& B.C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman (1960).
3. B. D. Khosla, Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.
4. Ahluwalia, V. K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,
Universities Press.

MN-1D (Theory): Inorganic and Physical Chemistry

Marks: 15 (5 Attd. + 10 SIE: 1Hr) + 60 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 75 Pass Marks: Th (SIE + ESE) = 30

(Credits: Theory-03) 45 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter
Semester Internal Examination (SIE 10+5=15 marks):
The Semester Internal Examination shall have two components. (a) One Semester Internal
Examination Written Test (SIE) of 10 Mark (b) Class Attendance Score (CAS) including the
behaviour of the student towards teachers and other students of the College of 5 marks.
End Semester Examination (ESE 60 marks):
There will be two group of questions A and B. Group A is compulsory which will contain three
questions. Question No.1 will be very short answer type consisting of five questions of 1
mark each. Question No. 2 & 3 will be short answer type of 5 marks. Group B will contain
descriptive type five questions of fifteen marks each, out of which any three are to be
answered.
Note: There may be subdivisions in the questions of group B.

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-2 (20 Lectures)

1. General Principles of Metallurgy:
Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials, Ellingham
diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon as reducing agent.
2. s- and p- Block Elements:
Periodicity in s- and p- Block Elements with respect to electronic configuration, atomic
and ionic size, ionization enthalpy, electronegativity (Pauling, Mulliken, and Allred-
Rochow scales). Allotropy in C, S, and P.
Oxidation states with reference to elements in unusual and rare oxidation states like
carbides and nitrides, inert pair effect, diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour
of first member of each group.
3. Compounds of s-and p- Block Elements
Hydrides and their classification (ionic, covalent and interstitial), structure and
properties with respect to stability of hydrides of p-block elements.
Concept of multicentre bonding (diborane).
Structure, bonding and their important properties like oxidation/reduction,
acidic/basic nature of the following compounds and their applications in industrial,
organic and environmental chemistry.
Hydrides of nitrogen (NH3, N2H4, N3H, NH2OH)
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Section B: Physical Chemistry-3 (25 Lectures)
1. Kinetic Theory of Gases
Postulates of kinetic theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of
deviation. van der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature
(derivation not required). Critical phenomena, critical constants and their calculation
from van der Waals equation. Andrew’s isotherms of CO2.

2. Solids:
Forms of solids, symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types
and identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography – Law of constancy of
interfacial angles, Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X-Ray diffraction by crystals,
Bragg’s law. Structures of NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only).
Defects in crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals.
3. Chemical Kinetics
The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other
factors on reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of
integrated rate equations for zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal
and unequal concentrations of reactants). Half-life of a reaction. General methods for
determination of order of a reaction. Concepts of activation energy and its calculation
from Arrhenius equations.
Theories of Reactions Rates: Collision theory and activated complex theory of
bimolecular reactions. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only).
Reference Books:
1. G. W. Castellan: Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
2. J. C. Kotz, P. M. Treichel, J.R. Townsend, General Chemistry, Cengage Learning India
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (2009).
3. B. H. Mahan: University Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Narosa (1988).
4. R. H. Petrucci, General Chemistry, 5th Ed., Macmillan Publishing Co. New York (1985).
5. J. D. Lee: A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry, E.L.B.S.
6. F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry, John Willey.
7. D. F. Shriver & P.W. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
8. Gary Wulfsberg: inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.

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MN-1D (Practical): Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Marks:0 (SIE) + 25 (ESE: 3Hrs) = 25 Pass Marks: = 10

(Credits: Practical-01) 30 Hours

Instruction to Question Setter
1 Practical = 20 Marks
Viva-voce + Note-book = 5 Marks
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry
Semi-micro qualitative analysis using H2S of mixtures-not more than four ionic species (two
anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:
a) Cations: NH4+, Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+,
Sr2+, Ca2+, K+.
b) Anions: CO32-, S2-, SO32-, S2O32-, NO3-, CH3COO-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, BO33-, C2O42-
, F- .
(Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)
Section B: Physical Chemistry
1. Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded)
a) Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a
stalagmometer.
b) Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with
concentration.
2. Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
a) Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute
solution using an Ostwald’s viscometer.
b) Study of the variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration
of solute.
Reference Books:
1. A. I. Vogel: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Prentice Hall, 7th Ed.
2. A. I. Vogel: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall, 6th Ed.
3. B.D. Khosla, Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.

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