Final Report of On The Job Training

A Report Submitted

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the Degree of

Sub-Engineer

Narottam Parajuli

Registration No: 794400370016

Symbol no: 24005968

Janapriya Secondary School

Pokhara-8-Kaski

Faculty-Civil Engineering

To the

Department of Technical Stream

National Examination Board

Sanothimi, Bhaktapur
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, I would like to thank National Examination Board (NEB) to include such opportunity in
our syllabus. The development of this O.J.T Report is a direct outcome of the supervision and
assistance I received from those in my immediate surroundings. Their evident concern for both my
work and myself has been consistently apparent. Therefore, I wish to acknowledge and express my
gratitude to the following individuals:

I would like to sincerely thank our educational institution, Janapriya Secondary School, for
affording us the opportunity to engage in practical fieldwork and apply our theoretical knowledge
in a practical manner. I also extend my appreciation to parents, teachers, friends, and well-wishers.
With your invaluable support and cooperation, I was able to complete this report on time.

This report has significantly aided me in recollecting the knowledge and information. It has enabled
me to comprehend the distinction between theoretical knowledge and its practical application, both
during and after the O.J.T. Additionally, it has facilitated my interactions with site engineers and
workers, enhancing clarity in communication.. I am genuinely delighted to have had this
opportunity.

I extend my gratitude to Janapriya Secondary School and all the instructors of the Department of
Civil Engineering, particularly Er. Rewati Baruwal and Er. Subash Sapkota, for providing me with
an outstanding opportunity to expand my knowledge and offering guidance for O.J.T and report
preparation. This experience has greatly contributed to my understanding of the practical application
of my studies. I would also like to thank Er. Prem Darjee, who provided invaluable assistance during
our O.J.T.

I am thankful to my parents for their patient assistance in reviewing my work and helping me refine
and eliminate irrelevant or unnecessary content. My friends also played a vital role in improving
the organization of my work.
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ABSTRACT

As part of the curriculum and to partially meet the requirements, students are mandated to engage

in practical work at an engineering site for 6 month and 600 Hours, spanning from class 10 to class

12. This report provided an introduction to the On-the-Job Training (O.J.T). That, I undertook at

the engineering consultancy, emphasizing its significance. Additionally, it offers a detailed account

of the observations made and tasks performed during my time at the site. Included in this report are

photographs documenting key types of tests conducted and observations made.

The O.J.T deals with the practical analysis of theoretical knowledge gained in grade IX, X, XI, and

XII in the field of civil engineering. The O.J.T was done in Waling Municipality, Civil Engineering

Consultancy, and many more engineering profession-related offices as school recommendations.

We were divided into different groups, and these groups were sent to several offices to complete

their OJT. The O.J.T was a golden opportunity to gain experience in the field of civil engineering.

It was done for the utilization of our knowledge practically.

In the O.J.T we got chance to know about new things. It was also the place to share and gain new

ideas in the field of engineering. We learnt about various new techniques. We worked with the

coordination’s of Muncipality Engineer and Sub-Engineer. During the O.J.T time, we gained idea

to work in the field and idea about supervision time. Preparation of estimates and BOQ, Supervision

work, Buildingby -laws and codes, understanding drawing and quality control in the construction

work etc. were the things that we learnt during the O.J.T Period.

As a result the successful management of a civil engineering project depends upon use of an

appropriate contract for construction; the judgements of the civil engineer in charge and his team

of engineering advisers; the need to arrange for supervision of the work of construction as it

proceeds, and on the competence of the contractor engaged to build the works and his engineers

and tradesmen.

Keywords: O.J.T, Supervision work, Estimation, Building-by-laws and codes.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF FIGURE .......................................................................................... vi

TABLE OF ABBERVIATIONS ........................................................................ vii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .........................................................................1

1.1 BACKGROUND ...............................................................................................1

1.2 ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION (WALING MUNICIPALITY ) ...........2

1.3 ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION (SHREE JANAPRIYA SECONDARY

SCHOOL) ................................................................................................................3

1.4 ORGANIZATION INTRODUCTION (SIMRIK ENGINEERING SERVICES

Pvt. Ltd.) .................................................................................................................3

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF O.J.T. ...................................................................................4

1.6 IMPORTANCE OF O.J.T. .................................................................................4

CHAPTER 2 :THEORY .......................................................................................5

2.2.1 ESTIMATE ....................................................................................................6

2.2.2 RETAINING WALL ......................................................................................6

2.2.3 AUTOCAD .....................................................................................................7

2.2.4 BIO ENGINEERING .....................................................................................8

2.2.5 SKETCHUP ...................................................................................................8

2.2.6 CONCEALED BEAM ...................................................................................9

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2.2.6 STIRRUPS .....................................................................................................9

2.2.7 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST OF CONCRETE ...............................9

2.3 APPLICATION OF THEORIES TO REAL LIFE SITUATION .................10

CHAPTER 3: OBSERVATION .........................................................................11

3.1 OVERALL EXPERIENCE OF O.J.T..............................................................11

3.2 SECTION I: (2078/04/11-2078/07/11) Waling Municipality .........................11

3.2.1 FOUNTAIN CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................11

3.2.2 RETAINING WALL CONSTRUCTION ...................................................12

3.2.3 OTHER WORKS DONE ON WALING MUNCIPALITY .........................13

3.3 SECTION II: (2079/03/15-2079/06/15) SHREE JANAPRIYA SECONDARY

SCHOOL ..............................................................................................................13

3.3.1 AUTOCAD ..................................................................................................13

3.4 SECTION III: (2080/02/11-2080/05/29) SIMRIK ENGINEERING

SERVICES Pvt. Ltd. .............................................................................................14

3.4.1 SLAB CONCRETING ..................................................................................14

3.4.2 SLAB REINFORCEMENT ..........................................................................15

3.4.3 RCC SLAB ...................................................................................................15

3.4.4 IDEAL LOCATION OF DOOR,WINDOW AND VENTILLATIONS ......16

CHAPTER 4: ACHIEVEMENTS .....................................................................17

4.1 IMPROVEMENTS ON THEORITICAL KNOWLEDGE .............................17

CHAPTER 5:CONCLUSION .............................................................................18

5.1 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................18

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5.2 LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................18

REFERENCE ......................................................................................................19

APPENDIX A (PHOTOGRAPHS) ....................................................................20

APPENDIX B (ESTIMATES AND CALCULATION) ....................................22

APPENDIX C (TEST RESULT) .......................................................................24

APPENDIX D (LETTERS) ................................................................................23

APPENDIX E (ATTENDANCE AND LOGBOOK) .......................................27

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LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1: Waling Municipality

Figure 2: Shree Janapriya Secondary School

Figure 3: Simrik Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd.

Figure 4: Retaining Wall

Figure 5: Fountain

Figure 6: Retaining wall construction

Figure 7: Slab Reinforcement

Figure 8: Preparation of RCC slab

Figure 9: Concrete cube

Figure 10: Shear wall

Figure 11: Slab Concreting

Figure 12: Seepage

Figure 13: Honey Comb

Figure 14: Compression Testing Machine

Figure 15: Brick Masonary

Figure 16: Formwork

Figure 17: Estimate

Figure 18: Quantity Calculation OF concrete

Figure 19: C.T.M. Result

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TABLE OF ABBEREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Full form

mm Millimeter

cm Centimeter

m Meter

km Kilometer

O.J.T On the Job Training

PMC Pokhara Metropolitan City

DOR Department of Road

BOQ Bill of Quantity

CAD Computer-Aided Design

PCC Plain Cement Concrete

MB Measurement Book

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
On-The-Job-Training (O.J.T) is the way of gaining experience for being able to work on
the field. It is the process of applying theoretical knowledge on the field on the basis of
field condition. I had got 6 months and 600 Hours as the O.J.T time and visit to Waling
Municipality and consultancy as the location for O.J.T.

OJT is crucial course for every technical student. It facilitates smooth transition to student
from theoretical classroom studies to hands-on practical experience. This year-long O.J.T
program provides us several chance to enhance our Practical knowledge. During my tenure
at municipality and Engineering consultancy, I gained a comprehensive grasp on Drafting
procedures, estimating procedures, supervision protocols, and various other aspects. It
became clear that there is a difference between theoretical understanding and practical
proficiency, a distinction that became noticeable upon the conclusion of the O.J.T.

The primary goal of O.J.T is to develop self-reliance in every technical student. Technical
subjects are capably named so because skill in both theory and practice is essential. During
my time on the field, I had the benefit to observe and participate in processes such as,
construction of retaining walls, bar bending schedule in slab, layout works and preparation
and testing of concrete cube. I also familiarized myself with the local terminology for
various tools. O.J.T has been instrumental in enhancing our ability to collaborate
effectively with supervisors and colleagues. Therefore, O.J.T holds immense importance.

On the basis of syllabus developed by CDC, we had got 6 month and 600 hrs as O.J.T time.
Our supervisors send us to several Consultancy and Municipality for the completion of our
OJT works. I had completed my OJT from Waling Municipality and Simrik Engineering
Services Pvt. Ltd. Under the supervision of several engineers and sub engineers.

O.J.T is really important for every technical student of every field. This training has helped
all students for identifying the machineries as well as learning the procedures of
construction. The requirement of manpower in developing country like ours is very high.
Civil engineers are the constructer and have a lead role on development of country. So, for
the rapid development of a country, it is necessary to develop not only manpower but
experienced manpower in limited time. Therefore, the technical classes in school life as
well as college life and utilizing the leisure time after Board Exam of Grade X, XI and
XII in O.J.T is beneficial for both country and to individual people. Thus, the necessity and
importance of O.J.T is very high.
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In summary, on-the-job training plays a vital role in human resource management. In the
past, work was predominantly practical, with minimal reliance on abstract thinking. This
form of training offers both advantages and disadvantages. O.J.T is a crucial component of
a technical student's education, facilitating the transition from theory to practical fieldwork.
It empowers students with self-reliance and equips them with proficiency in both
theoretical and practical aspects. Observing and participating in real-world construction
procedures, alongside learning the local terminology for tools, enhances our coordination
with supervisors and colleagues. To maximize its effectiveness, O.J.T could benefit from
greater proactive involvement and the implementation of stricter regulations by responsible
authorities.

1.2 Organization Introduction (Waling Muncipality-Syangja District)

I have completed my class 10 OJT from Waling Municipality, office of municipal execution
located in Aadhikhola valley within the Syangja District, Gandaki Zone of Nepal. This
municipality had covers total area of 34.76 km2 and had a population of 51,243 resident.
This municipality looks after all the governmental task like municipal services of water,
electricity, housing, sanitation, etc. By the guidance provided by my supervisors, I have
selected waling municipality as my location for OJT. It was my first experience with OJT
all the activities I participated in the OJT were performed under the supervision of the
municipality engineers and sub-engineers.

Consequently, I found myself getting confused by the Details of the tasks I was performing
during my On-the-Job Training (OJT). Fortunately, the presence of supervisors helped
alleviate my confusion. They imparted valuable knowledge to me, encompassing
construction processes, supervision, drafting, and various activities pertaining to civil
engineering. This experience broadened my theoretical knowledge into Practical
knowledge and also deepened my understanding level.

Figure 1: Waling Municipality

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1.3 Organization Introduction (Shree Janapriya Secondary School)

I completed my 11th grade On-the-Job Training (OJT) at Shree Janapriya Secondary
School's computer lab, located in Ward 8 of Pokhara Metropolitan City (PMC) in Kaski.
That was my Second time OJT experience so I didn’t feel too much Confused. During this
period, I had the opportunity to work on multiple drafting projects, all while receiving
guidance from Er. Subash Sapkota, Er. Bharat Wagle, and Er. Rewati Baruwal.

Figure 2: Shree Janapriya Secondary School

1.4 Organization Introduction (Simrik Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd)

I completed my 12th-grade On-the-Job Training (OJT) from Simrik Engineering Services
Pvt. Ltd., located in Ward 19 of Pokhara Metropolitan City (PMC), Kaski jhalpa road. This
consultancy is involved in various aspects of civil engineering, such as drafting,
construction, valuation, and various other engineering tasks. Following the
recommendation of our supervisor, I chose this consultancy as my OJT placement after
completing the 12th grade. Under the guidance of Er. Prakash Man Singh Bhandari and Er.
Pooja Shrestha, I had the opportunity to engage in drafting work, supervision, estimating
work and other engineering assignments.

Figure 3: Simrik Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd.

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1.5 Objectives of O.J.T

Everything starts with some objectives. For achieving the success on it, objectives guide us.
This will help to explore the relationship between the knowledge & skills acquired in school
with those required in the working situations. This enables us to understand and respond
better to the market demand. Thus, along with its necessity it is necessary that we get all its
objectives fulfilled. Here the objectives are listed;

a. To understand the practical field.

b. To be able to differentiate the difference of theoretical and practical importance.
c. To develop ourselves as experienced manpower.
d. To apply learned theoretical knowledge practically in field.
e. To become socialize as it is very necessary to be well coordinative and socialize in
the field to get the chosen/required result.
f. To develop industry-specific skills.
g. To build confidence level during profession setting.
h. To make ourselves better in both theoretical and practical part. To utilize our
knowledge in a better place in a better way.
i. And ultimately to develop our country and lifestyle of people.

1.6 Importance of O.J.T

O.J.T stands for the On-the-Job training and it is also known as the internship which is
dined after completing the study to be familiar with practical work. The importance of
O.J.T is listed below:

a. Immediate feedback for candidates from their works.

b. Improves learning and combining learning with everyday work.

c. Helps trainers as they can see how their lessons work in practice and then fine tune
them.
d. Increased productivity.
e. It boosted workplace productivity.
f. It helps to increase student confidence level during their profession setting time.
g. It helps us to be more capable and skillful in our related fields.
h. Allows employees to gain experience.
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Chapter 2: Theory

2.1 Introduction
This O.J.T. report is a reflection of the practical knowledge gained through hands-on
experience in municipalities, consultancy and various engineering related offices, building
upon the theoretical foundation acquired during our secondary school education. My
school, Janapriya Secondary School, stands as a notable institution in the field of civil
engineering education. In the year 2073, Janapriya School introduced civil engineering as
a subject, offering comprehensive instruction on the qualifications and skills required for
sub-engineering roles. As part of the sub-engineering program, every civil engineering
student is assigned to different ward offices or consultancies for On-the-Job Training
(O.J.T.), and this report is a culmination of the knowledge acquired during this practical
training.

During the internship period, I had the privilege of working in the technical departments of
Waling muncipality and Simrik Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. These departments play a
crucial role in tasks such as designing, supervising future construction projects, and
preparing project estimates within their respective areas of jurisdiction. This encompasses
activities like calculating construction rates and quantities, ensuring the timely and accurate
completion of structures in alignment with project specifications, and maintaining
comprehensive financial records for internal management, tax compliance, and financial
reporting purposes. My primary responsibility during this internship was to assist the Junior
Engineer in fulfilling the department's objectives, which encompassed various tasks
depending on the day-to-day operational needs, including site supervision. However, my
most specialized area of focus during this internship revolved around quantity
measurement. It's worth noting that the estimate.

2.2 Duties and Schedules

The intern was assigned to the following duties and responsibilities.

1. Estimate
2. Retaining wall
3. AutoCAD
4. Bio engineering
5. Sketchup
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6. Concealed Beam
7. Concrete Compressive test

2.2.1 Estimate
An estimate is a calculation of the quantities of various items of work, and the expenses
likely to be incurred there on. The total of these probable expenses to be incurred on the
work is known as estimated cost of the work. The estimated cost of a work is a close
approximation of its actual cost. It is the process of finding an estimate, or approximation,
which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete,
uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless usable because it is derived from the best
information available. Based on these criteria’s, there are mainly 8 cost estimates followed
in construction:

1. Preliminary Cost Estimate.

2. Plinth Area Cost Estimate.

3. Cube Rate Cost Estimate.

4. Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate.

5. Detailed Cost Estimate.

6. Revised Cost Estimate.

7. Supplementary Cost Estimate.

2.2.2 Retaining Walls

A wall for holding in place a mass of earth or the like, as at the edge of a terrace or
excavation. A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral
pressure of soil, when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle
of repose of the soil.

Figure 4: Retaining Wall

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A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall. But the term usually refers to a
cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top.
These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a
higher-level grade on the opposite side. The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated
by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressure.

Every retaining wall supports a "wedge" of soil. The wedge is defined as the soil which
extends beyond the failure plane of the soil type present at the wall site, and can be
calculated once the soil friction angle is known. As the setback of the wall increases, the
size of the sliding wedge is reduced. This reduction lowers the pressure on the retaining
wall.

The most important consideration in proper design and installation of retaining walls is to
recognize and counteract the tendency of the retained material to move downslope due to
gravity. This creates lateral earth pressure behind the wall which depends on the angle of
internal friction (phi) and the cohesive strength (c) of the retained material, as well as the
direction and magnitude of movement the retaining structure undergoes.

Lateral earth pressures are zero at the top of the wall and – in homogenous ground – increase
proportionally to a maximum value at the lowest depth. Earth pressures will push the wall
forward or overturn it if not properly addressed. Also, any groundwater behind the wall
that is not dissipated by a drainage system causes hydrostatic pressure on the wall. The total
pressure or thrust may be assumed to act at one-third from the lowest depth for lengthwise
stretches of uniform height.

It is important to have proper drainage behind the wall in order to limit the pressure to the
wall's design value. Drainage materials will reduce or eliminate the hydrostatic pressure
and improve the stability of the material behind the wall. Drystone retaining walls are
normally self-draining.

2.2.3 AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software
application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released in
December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics
controllers. AutoCAD is a computer aided design software developed by the company
Autodesk (hence the name AutoCAD) It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D
designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand. The files can also be easily saved
and stored in the cloud, so they be accessed anywhere at any time.
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AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers,

city planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide
in1994 many people think that learning AutoCAD is hard. It's not, but using AutoCAD is
not difficult. The key is you need to learn one step at a time. AutoCAD is a commercial
computer-aided design and drafting software application Developed and marketed by
Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a desktop app running on
microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.

2.2.4 Bio engineering

Bioengineering is a subset of green infrastructure that uses vegetation to serve an
engineering function. The most common uses of bioengineering include soil surface
protection against erosion, soil stabilization, and improved drainage functions.
Bioengineering uses plants to protect soil surfaces and stream banks, and to strengthen
shallow soil. It can control erosion and prevent or stabilize shallow slope movements where
the depth to failure is no more than 0.5 meter (m). There are many bioengineering methods
that can be used in different environments and with specific site requirements. The
incorporation of natural elements, however, requires greater care in transferring methods
from one place to another, unlike with hard engineering measures.

Importance of Bio Engineering:

1. Low cost and lower long-term maintenance cost than traditional methods.

2. Low maintenance of live plants after they are established.

3. Environmental benefits of wildlife habitat, water quality improvement and aesthetics.

4. Improved strength over time as root systems develop and increase structural stability.

5. Compatibility with environmentally sensitive sites or sites with limited access.

2.2.5 Sketchup
SketchUp is a versatile 3D modeling software developed by Trimble Inc. It is highly
regarded for its user-friendly interface and widespread application in various industries.
With an intuitive interface, SketchUp accommodates users with varying levels of 3D
modeling expertise, making it a preferred choice for both beginners and professionals. This
software enables users to create 3D models of objects, buildings, interiors, and landscapes,
with an array of tools for drawing shapes, lines, and surfaces. It also features geolocation
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capabilities, allowing users to place models in real-world locations using Google Earth
data.

SketchUp boasts an extensive 3D Warehouse, an online repository of user-generated

models and components that can be easily incorporated into projects. Furthermore, it
supports extensions and plugins to enhance functionality, and dynamic components that
respond to parameter changes. Architects, interior designers, landscapers, educators, and
professionals in the film and gaming industries find SketchUp indispensable for designing
and visualizing their projects.

2.2.6 Concealed Beam

A Concealed beam is a structural member constructed if the span of slab is longer. It helps
to reduce the deflection in slab. It is somewhere like a beam but the depth of the beam is
equal to slab. Commonly it is constructed in balcony Slab of longer span.

2.2.7 Stirrups
Stirrups are essential elements in reinforced concrete construction. These steel bars, often
bent into U-shapes or rectangles, encircle the main reinforcing bars within concrete beams
and columns. Their primary function is to provide lateral support, enhancing structural
integrity by resisting shear forces, preventing concrete from sliding or collapsing, and
safeguarding against buckling in columns. Proper placement, spacing, and material
selection for stirrups are crucial, as they are determined by engineering design and local
building codes. Stirrups play a pivotal role in ensuring that concrete structures can safely
bear loads and endure external forces, ultimately contributing to the longevity and stability
of the construction.

2.2.8 Compressive strength test of concrete

A compression Testing Machine (CTM) is used to measure the compressive strength of a
material. The CTM is designed to apply a compressive load to the sample until it fails. The
machine consists of a piston that moves up and down inside a cylinder, applying the load to the
sample. The CTM machine is used in construction industries to test the quality of concrete. The
compressive strength of concrete is determined by testing concrete cubes or cylinders using the
CTM machine.
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2.3 Application of Theories to Real Life Situation

The internship provided the opportunity for the intern to understand practically how
theories were applied in the business world. The following are the application of theories
to real life situations at Waling municipality and Simrik Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd.
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Chapter 3: Observation

3.1 Overall experience of O.J.T

After we completed class 10 we all the students got divided into groups and sent different
wards or consultancy for O.J.T .In our group, I am alone for first 3 months O.J.T (class
10th). As for the 11th O.J.T we all students of our class has completed from Shree janapriya
Secondary School and for grade 12th O.J.T. we have group of three friends [Narottam
Parajuli (me), Aayoush Paudel and Aashish Paudel].In first day we were little nervous but
it ended well. As the days went by we were more and more confident. I Completed first 3
months O.J.T. From Waling Municipality under the supervision of Er. Dhurva regmi and
Sub-Er.Deepak Neupane then remaining 3 months O.J.T. from Shree Janapriya Secondary
School under the surveillance of Er. Subash Sapkota and Er. Rewati Baruwal. And the rest
600 hrs. after our 12th board exam we did on Simrik Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. The
overall experience of our O.J.T was worth the days. I learnt many things from Engineers
during our O.J.T. Timeline.

They sent for site where the construction of retaining walls and Concreting of slab was
being carried out. And in other site, the layout for fountain was started. There we got chance
to introduce ourselves with the procedure required for construction fountains and retaining
walls. We learned a lot much on this 1 year.

3.2 Section I: (2078/04/11 – 2078/07/11), Waling Municipality

After 10th exam by consulting with my supervisors I visit waling municipality as my O.J.T.
Location. I did my first O.J.T. from Waling Municipality, office of municipal execution
located in Aadhikhola valley within the Syangja District, Gandaki Zone of Nepal. I did this
OJT for three months.

3.2.1 Fountain Construction

Location: Waling Sarsafai Kendra

Date : 2078/ 04/12

Time : 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM

During my several days of visits to the construction site, I closely observed the process of
constructing the fountain. My regular presence at the site allowed me to supervise the workers and
gain firsthand experience of the construction procedure. To begin the construction of the fountain,
we initiated the process by creating a detailed plan that outlined the alignment of various elements,
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including pipe lines, electrical components, and the fountain's structure. The excavation phase
followed, which involved digging to the specified depth as indicated in the plan. This excavation
work was carried out both manually and with the use of machinery to ensure accuracy and
efficiency. For stability, a foundation was created by pouring concrete. Subsequently, the plumbing
and electrical installation work took place, ensuring that all necessary connections were established.
The construction of the actual fountain structure commenced according to the plan, with careful
attention to detail.

At the base, the installation of the water pump and waterproofing measures were implemented to
prevent any potential leaks. The installation of water features, including water nozzles and water
jets, followed, enhancing the aesthetic and functional aspects of the fountain. To further enhance
the fountain's appearance, tiling and decoration work were meticulously carried out. Additionally,
LED lighting fixtures were fitted to illuminate the fountain. The construction process concluded
with comprehensive testing to verify the proper functioning of all components and ensure the
successful completion of the fountain.

Figure 5: Fountain

3.2.2 Retaining Walls Construction

Location : Sworek ward no 11 Waling Muncipality

Date : 2078/04/28 & 2078/05/02

Time: 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM

We were sent for measuring retaining walls to calculate quantity of material use which was
previously constructed. They also sent me to supervised retaining wall construction. During
Construction of retaining wall firstly excavation was done upto certain depth and Stone
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masonary was done. Different drainage hole are provide during construction to drainage
out the water collected behind the wall.

Figure 6: Retaining wall construction

3.2.3 Other works done in Waling muncipality

We also did other various works such as site visiting on under constructing public toilet,
created 3D of Fountain, measured land and calculated No of Dubo Chapri required. It was
found total land area of 1624.62sqft. and no of Dubo Chapri required was 1625no. I have
also get opportunity to prepare estimate of Koshli House. I also Perform drafting works and
supervising construction work.

3.3 Section II: (22 June 2022 to 30 September 2022) Shree Janapriya
Secondary School
After our 11 class we have decided to perform O.J.T. from Shree Janapriya Secondary
School. Under the Supervision of Er.Rewati Baruwal, Er.Subash Sapkota, Er.Bharat wagle
and Er. Bikal Bastakoti we from several drafting works.

3.3.1 Autocad
Location: PMC ward no. 8, Similchaur

Project name: Residential House of Mr Sampurna Bhandari

During my On-the-Job Training (O.J.T.), my supervisors assigned me the task of creating

architectural and structural drawings for PMC-8, which included a comprehensive set of
plans and visual representations for a residential house. This involved the following:

1.Location Plan: I prepared a location plan that depicted the precise geographical placement
of PMC-8 within its surroundings.

2.Site Plan: A detailed site plan was generated to illustrate the layout of the house on the
property, including the positioning of key elements like driveways, gardens, and utilities.
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3.Floor Plan: I created a floor plan that provided an overhead view of each level of the
residential house, highlighting the layout of rooms, doors, windows, and any other
architectural features.

4. Sections: I produced sectional drawings that showcased vertical views of specific parts
of the house, helping to visualize the internal structure.

5.Elevations: Elevations were meticulously crafted to display the external facades of the
house, emphasizing architectural details and materials used.

6. Column Footing and Trench Layout Plan: A specialized plan was drafted to outline the
dimensions and placements of columns, footings, and trenches, ensuring structural
integrity.

Additionally, I used SketchUp software to create a three-dimensional (3D) model of the

house. This 3D representation allowed for a more immersive and realistic visualization of
PMC-8, aiding in the understanding of its architectural design and layout. This
comprehensive set of drawings and the 3D model served as invaluable tools for planning,
construction, and communication throughout the project.

3.4 Section III: (2079/03/01 – 2079/07/15) PMC Ward no. 1

Just right after our 12th board examination we were said to do our OJT. This time the total
working time was 600 hrs. We started our OJT form 2080/02/11 to 2080/05/29) on Simrik
Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. As this time we were three friends in my group. This time
OJT was more fun and interesting as we had already did two time so we feel more
confident.

3.4.1 Slab Concreting

In the period of OJT, we had done many slab concreating in different places of PMC.

Slab concreating perform in OJT:

- Saraswati bording school

- Mahesh gaisi
- Yamuna kumara khattri
- Durga datta timilsina
- Budhi kumara grung

For doing slab concreating, at first the reinforcement bars are provided with certain spacing
over the formworks. Then after providing reinforcement in slab then the the concret of
 15

certain concrete ratio of puted on it. Then the curing is most important for giving more
strength.

3.4.2 Slab reinforcement

Slab reinforcement refers to the process of adding reinforcing steel bars
whithin a concrete slab to enhance its strength durability and resistance
to cracking or bending under loads reinforced concrete slabs are
commonly used in various construction projects, including buildings,
bridges, pavements and other structures.

Figure 7: slab reinforcement

3.4.3 RCC slab

As there was construction going on, our engineer assigned us to observe how RCC slab is
laid. We observed that Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a composite building material
consisting of structural concrete reinforced with a reinforcing material like steel. The most
common reinforcement used is steel, due to its complimentary properties and it is called
steel reinforced cement concrete or simply Reinforced Cement Concrete.
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Figure 8: Preparation for RCC slab

3.4.4 Ideal Location of Door, Window and Ventilations

Location: PMC -17, Lamachaur

At lamachaur we found a house with incorrect placement of window. The window is

placing such that when it is open it overlaps other property land. No any setback distance
or gaps are given to the window. When the barren plot builds any structure then there is
chance of covering and blocking the window.

And our engineer gave few words about ideal Location of door, windows and ventilations
as below;

a. The location of door should meet the functional requirement of room. It should not
locate at the center of the length of wall.
b. If there is two doors in a room then they should be in opposite wall facing each other
in order to provide cross ventilation.
c. The size and no of window should be decide on the basis of important factor such as
distribution of light, control of ventilation and privacy of occupants.
d. The location of window also meets the functional requirement of room such as internal
decoration, arrangement of furniture etc.
e. A window should be located in opposite wall facing a door another window so that
cross ventilation is achieved.
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Chapter 4: Achievements

O.J.T is a class healed at site to provide an enhanced understanding of the outside working
environment before the students graduate Students of civil engineering and other fields also
take this practice The main aim of this practice is that to teach students communication
with different Workers or employees, to improve practical skill what they learned at class,
upgrading the theoretical knowledge in addition to the class; improve their leadership skill,
team playing skill etc.

During the period of our O.J.T I learned a lot. The main achievement I consider is the
experience I got. Other things I learnt are as follows;

a. I learned about building components and its functions

b. I learned site supervision
c. I learned about road construction, drainage construction, RCC slab construction, etc.
d. I got used-to to different engineering tools
e. I developed basic knowledge on different civil works,
f. I learned basic engineering cost and quantity estimate, etc.

4.1 Improvement on theoretical knowledge

The other aim of O.J.T is to improve theoretical knowledge of student by giving them
chance to observe and experience similar situation on field. The four year of theoretical
knowledge certainly complements students in their internship. O.J.T helped to implement
all those theories and mathematical equation we learned all those years in work. Our
engineer helped us and guided us on every mistakes.
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Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1 Conclusion
The O.J.T is the bridge between the theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge in the
reality work at the field of construction of civil engineering work. We all who take O.J.T
go to ward or consultancy where already consultant or technical person are present. Their
responsibility is to teach us about the site work and our responsibility at the site.

This program played important role to break the conventional thought that fieldwork can
only be implemented by a student who hold a degree or people who have experienced in
building construction. We were able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with
problem arising in the construction of civil structure.

Since I have done my O.J.T in municipality and consultancy, I got opportunity to work in
different construction projects which helps me to gain more knowledge by seeing what they
work in their office.

Engineer and sub-engineer helped me to learn about supervision work, estimation work,
survey and many more. I learnt about bid document quotation and many more things during
this O.J.T. Hence, this O.J.T was very helpful for me.

*As we did not got chance to experience everything but I am very thankful to my friend,
our engineers (Deepak Neupane, Prakash Man Singh Bhandari, Pooja Shrestha) and
Supervisors who guided us.

5.2 Limitations
We were very excited for the OJT and had lots of expectations regarding it. However we
were disappointed. It’s true that we gained something new which was not taught to us but
looking to our time utilization we wasted it. Sometime I too had felt that the time that we
are spending on OJT could be used on something better than this. Some days were really
important but some days were just of no use because the workers in the site don’t come to
the site for the work regularly. I may have learnt better from OJT. As to learn something
there’s necessary to have someone to make us understand but unfortunately we had to
understand ourselves just by observing and the workers can’t even share us the technical
words for the tools and we forcefully have to know only it’s local names. Government,
assisting institutions and teachers all are equally responsible for making OJT reliable. We
got support from our teachers but it looks like our assisting institutions are not interested
which discourage the students. And on all those days we worked we did not got chance to
learn AutoCad.
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References

a. Geo Technology Curriculum Development Centre Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

b. Guidelines for final report preparation O.J.T Curriculum Development Centre
Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

c. Ronald L. Jacobs, Structure on-the-job training, 15 march. 2003, Berrett-Koehler

Publishers
d. Construction supervision(https://work.chron.com/civil-construction-supervisor-duties)
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Appendix A (Photographs)

Figure 9: concrete cube

Figure 10: shear wall Figure 11 : Slab Concreting

Figure 12 : Seepage Figure 13 : Honey Comb Defect

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Figure 14: Concrete Testing Machine

Figure 15: Brick masonary

Figure 16: Formworks

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Appendix B (Estimates and calculation)

Estimates

Figure 17: Estimate

Quantity calculation of concrete in slab:

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Figure 18: Quantity of Concrete Calculation

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Appendix C (Test Result)

Figure 19 : Result of C.T.M. Test perform of 14 day cube

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Appendix D ( Letters)
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APPENDIX E (ATTENDANCE AND LOG BOOK)