ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

Matlab Based Vehicle Number Plate Recognition

Prachi Sontakke1,Sakshi Shende2,Vaishnavi Bawane3, Achal Mule4, Prof. Sachin Dhawas5
Students, Department of Computer Science Engineering1,2,3,4
Professor Department f Computer Science Engineering5
Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Research and Technology, Chandrapur, India

Abstract: The ANPR (Automatic Number plate Recognition) system is based on image processing
technology. It is one of the necessary systems designed to detect the vehicle number plate. In today’s world
with the increasing number of vehicle day by day it’s not possible to manually keep a record of the entire
vehicle. With the development of this system it becomes easy to keep a record and use it whenever required.
The main objective here is to design an efficient automatic vehicle identification system by using vehicle
number plate. The system first would capture the vehicles image as soon as the vehicle reaches the security
checking area. The captured images are then extracted by using the segmentation process. Optical
character recognition is used to identify the characters. The obtained data is then compared with the data
stored in their database. The system is implemented and simulated on MATLAB and performance is tested
on real images. This type of system is widely used in Traffic control areas, tolling, parking area.etc. This
system is mainly designed for the purpose of security system

Keywords: Number Plate Recognition, Gray Processing, Image Acquisition, Image Binarization, Template
Matching

I. INTRODUCTION
With increasing number of vehicles on roads, it is getting difficult to manually enforce laws and traffic rules for smooth
traffic flow. Toll-booths are constructed on freeways, where the car has to stop to pay the toll or parking fees. Also,
Traffic Management systems are installed on freeways to check for vehicles moving at speeds not permitted by law. All
these processes have a scope of improvement. In the center of all these systems lies a vehicle. In order to automate
these processes and make them more effective, a system is required to easily identify a vehicle. Vehicles in each
country have a unique license number, which is written on its license plate. This number distinguishes one vehicle from
the other, which is useful especially when both are of same make and model. An automated system can be implemented
to identify the license plate of a vehicle and extract the characters from the region containing a license plate. The
license plate number can be used to retrieve more information about the vehicle and its owner, which can be used for
further processing. Such an automated system should be small in size, and portable.Various license plate detection
algorithms have been developed in past few years. Each of these algorithms has their own advantages and
disadvantages. This project described the method in which license plate is detected usingconfidence related predictions.
As multiple detections are available for single license plate, post-processing methods are applied to merge all detected
regions. In addition, trackers are used to limit the search region to certain areas in an image. It suggests a different
approach of detection using binarization and elimination of unnecessary regions from an image. In this approach, initial
image processing and binarization of an image is carried out based on the contrast between characters and background
in license plate. After binarizing the image, it is divided into different black and white regions. These regions are passed
through elimination stage to get the final region having most probability of containing a number plate

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

2.1 License Plate Segmentation
The Recognition system extract license number portion of the plate which is transformed into alphanumeric characters
for recognition. Then, these alphanumeric characters are compared to many databases to identify the license number of
vehicle of interest. Moroccan License Plate is a way to identify vehicles registered in Morocco. This Registration
system date to 2000 which includes a maximum of five-digits followed by two vertical lines. Between the vertical lines,

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

there is an Arabic letter referring to the series number. Finally there are one or two digits region code (Prefecture or
Province) for the origin of the vehicle. The License plate is usually show black text on a white background, see Fig. 1.

Problem related to Recognition System

There are many problems related to ALPR systems, especially when system try to identify the License plate in the
image. Some of them include:
1. Illumination: Images Illumination can varies according to outdoor conditions such as rain, headlights lighting,
fog etc.
2. Background: License plate backgrounds may contain other letters related to state organizations and military
corps vehicle. Those License plates are all characterized by a black background and white digit characters, and
red letter which can be difficult to separate from the foreground of the image
The recognition system used in this study is presented as the following Fig. 2.
Multiple binarization techniques help to obtain satisfying results in the extraction of Region and license number in the
license plate. The extraction of license plate information includes four stages:
 Pre-processing the license plate
 Binarization
 Separation of Region and license number
 Extraction of license plate
Preprocessing is an important step in image processing systems which helps to improve the visual appearance of the
license plate and removes noise and distortion. The most important method used to achieve a higher quality
segmentation is Histogram equalization, and we used it before some algorithms in binarization step. Indeed, most of
studies focus on only one algorithm in binarization step, thus, in this study, we propose a combined binarization
algorithm which shows a better result.

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

III. METHODOLOGY
The working of full NPR system can be divided in to two broad sections. The hardware part and the software part. The
working mechanism of all the parts is described in details below.
extracted number plate, Character recognition, Comparison with database and Indicate result. The flow chart of license
plate recognition system implementation in this work is shown in the following figure. There are various steps in this
approach and these are

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

IV. WORK FLOW PROCESS

 Capture of Image: The first step is the capture of image. The image is captured by electronic device. Digital
Camera or Webcam. The image captured is stored in JPEG format. Later on it is converted in to gray scale
image in MATLAB.
 Pre-processing: The next step after capturing the image is the pre processing of the image. When the image is
captured there is lot of disturbances and noises present in the image for which the image can’t be used
properly. So in this step the noises from the image are required to be cleared to obtain an accurate result.
 Gray Processing: this step involves the conversion of image in to Gray levels. Color images are converted in
to Gray image. According to the R, G, B value in the image, it calculates the value of gray value, and obtains
the gray image at the same time.
 Median Filtering: media filtering is the step to remove the noises from the image. Gray level cannot remove
the noises. So to make image free from noise media filtering is used.
 Plate region extraction: The most important stage is the extraction of number plate from eroded image
significantly. The extraction can be done by using image segmentation method. There are numerous image
segmentation methods available in various literatures. In most of the methods image binarization is used.
 Character segmentation: In this step get the o/p of extracted number plate using labeling components, and
then separate each character and split the each and every character in the number plate image by using split
and also find the length of the number plate, then find the correlation and database if both the value is same
means it will generate the value 0-9 and A - Z, and finally convert the value to string and display it in edit box,
and also store the character in some text file in this code. Following figure shows the segmented characters

V. IMPLEMENTATIONS
The character recognition is now used to compare the each individual character with the character stored in the
database. OCR uses the correlation method to match the characters. And if both the character matches then it displays
the authorized otherwise it will display the unauthorized.
(A) Hardware Model: The hardware model consists microcontroller for controlling the complete hardware of the
ANPR system. The ANPR algorithm on a PC receives the image and performs the processing, which Yields the vehicle
number. This Number is then compared to standard database and finally provides signal to microcontroller to control
the system Hardware. If the inputted plate contains the authorized number then the green indication light will be

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

switched on w, and if the inputted plate contains an unauthorized number then red indication will be switchedon. The
complete hardware model is shown in figure below.

VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

This section presents the simulation results of the developed ANPR system. Different images of cars having different
colours and structure types are taken and stored in PC. The screenshot of the simulation and are displays below. Two
original images of vehicle are shown.

ANPR USING MATLAB

Matlab Based Vehicle Number Plate Recognition

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

Author & Year Outcome

K.K. Kim in 2015 Built a license plate recognition system by following a learning protocol.
The camera captures an image inside the car detection module. Then, the
picture of the candidate region is provided as output. The two TDNNs
were taken as the horizontal and vertical filters to find the license plate.
The segmentation rate was 97.5 per cent, and a recognition rate of 97.2 per
cent for the proposed system .
Chin-Chuan in 2014 suggested a device that not only tracks several targets but also obtains
high-quality images on plate numbers. A computer with a tuned dual-
camera system has been built here by the author; a stationary camera and a
pan-tilt-zoom camera are designed to monitor moving conveyance in an
open field. The license plate for recognition has been sequentially
identified by CNN classifier. As 64 vehicles entered this region illegally,
data was composed manually from the science pictures and 59 IDs were
accurately detected using this too
Madhusree Mondal in 2017 Developed an ANPR framework focused on the learning capabilities of
convolutional neural networks. The self-synthesized function of CNN was
used here, as it distinguishes the vehicle states from the number plate. The
system was organized in this work in an echelon network of feature
detectors that conducted consecutive processing of visual data pertaining
to the dominant visual processing experience of the visual cortex, which
influenced the computational model of the CNN. The findings of this
research were observed with fewer training samples and turned out to be as
90 per cent higher precision rate
Rayson Laroca in 2018 proposed an ALPR system which discussed the robustness and
effectiveness of a framework based on the state-ofthe- art YOLO artifact
detector. The CNN are qualified and adapted for each ALPR stage to be
resilient under different conditions. In this work, the author developed a
two-stage attempt explicitly fo

VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we described a License plate recognition process. Indeed, lot of work has been done for evaluating some
methods in Thresholding image, but our paper compared different types of thresholdmethods and showed the effect of
using a combined method on standard im-age, rather than a single method to gain the complementarity of best
selectedbinarization methods.We proposed an methodology to aid text region extraction from the vehicleimages, which
starting with Pre-processing Image, and binarization using Medianof intensities from many tested algorithms like
Adaptive Thresholding, Otsu’s Thresholding, Edge detection, Morphological Gradient applied to Canny edgeDetector,
Niblack Method, and then computing a new binary image combiningthe median and other methods.Experimental
results show that the proposed method performs better in termsof ability to extract clear characters with the least
amount of noise compared to the other binarization schemes, and with the lowest rate of error. This methodhas been
tested on a large number of vehicle images captured by a camera undervarying illumination conditions.Moreover, the
major contribution of this article is to help people and re-searchers interested in the practical detection of vehicle
registration numbers. Future scope may include other segmentation or Morphological techniquesusing Real-Time
Systems. Also using a larger dataset of images may lead to abetter convergence in further studies.

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 11, May 2023

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