CEN307 - Structural Dynamics - Lecturer 1
CEN307 - Structural Dynamics - Lecturer 1
Lecture 1
1
Assessment
• CW (30%)
2
Delivery Schedule
Classroom: EB480
3
Main
Textbook
4
References
• Dynamics of Structures (3rd Edition)
Authors: Ray W. Clough and Joseph Penzien
Publisher: Computers & Structures, Inc.
2003
• Structural Dynamics
Author: MARTIN WILLIAMS
Publisher: CRC
5
2016
Course Contents
• Introduction to basic concepts of structural dynamics
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Lecturer 1: Overview of Structural Dynamics
What is Structural Dynamics?
• Structural dynamics is a subject that deals with the structural
response to dynamic loadings in general, which is an extension
of study of static structural analysis.
• A dynamic load can be simply defined as a time‐varying load, i.e.
any load of which its magnitude, direction, and/or position
varies with time.
• The structural response to a dynamic load, i.e., the resulting
stresses and deflections, is also time varying, or dynamic.
What is Structural Dynamics?
Note: Although almost all the loadings are dynamic by nature, they are
treated as static ones if the inertial/dynamic effects (with respect to the
effects of static loadings) are negligible.
Types of Dynamic Loads
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)
• In the literature, DOF has been used to refer to the “number” or the “displacement”
itself.
Examples:
number of masses = ?
number of DOFs = ?
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)
Examples (continued):
Consider a one-story portal frame with the mass lumped at the horizontal beam
with infinite flexural rigidity (EIb =+∞) and infinite axial rigidity (EAb=+∞), and
EAc=+∞ for the column.
Consider a three-story building frame with the masses lumped at each horizontal
beam with infinite flexural stiffness (EIb =+∞) and infinite axial rigidity
(EAb=+∞), and EAc=+∞ for the column.
Include axial deformation (EAc = a finite value) for the column for the first
example (last slide).
number of masses = ?
number of DOFs = ?
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)
Examples (continued):
Examples (continued):
number of masses = ?
number of DOFs = ?
Distributed Mass
The governing equation of motion has independent variables of position and time (x, t) and
thus is a partial differential equation (PDE).
number of masses = ∞
number of DOFs = ∞
Lumped Mass
Consider a beam with uniformly distributed mass along it length, which has been discretized
into lumped‐mass systems.
The governing equation of motion has only an independent variable of time (t) and thus
Two systems:
p-system + unit-load system ( …).
P 1
MM P ds
iP
EI
Graphical Multiplication Method for calculating iP MM P ds
EI
Area
MM P
ds
EI Area center
1
M M P ds (Requiring EI to be constant)
EI
1
EI M M P dx
( M x tan )
1
x tan M P dx
EI (Requiring one of M graphs to
be a straight line)
tan
xM P dx
EI
tan 1
xc yc
EI EI
Graphical Multiplication Method
Prerequisites:
EI is constant (prismatic beam) .
Note 1: When and yc are on the same side, the product is positive; otherwise, it is negative.
Note2: When both M graphs are straight lines, yc can be from either of M graphs while from
the other.
MM P
ds
EI
MM P ds (with each being
When there are more members, use iP calculated by this
EI
method if applicable)
Area and Area/Shape Center
Area and Area/Shape Center
Vertex Quadratic
parabola
Quadratic parabola
hl
n1 h
C
Vertex
Vertex Cubic l
parabola
n2
( n 1) l n-degree
parabola
n2
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32
33
34
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End of Lecture
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