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CEN307 - Structural Dynamics - Lecturer 1

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25 views36 pages

CEN307 - Structural Dynamics - Lecturer 1

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2103877769
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CEN307: Structural Dynamics

Lecture 1

Module Leader: Guobin Gong


Department of Civil Engineering
Office: EB562
Ext: 0446
Mob: 18914096535
Email: guobin.gong@xjtlu.edu.cn

1
Assessment

• CW (30%)

• EXAM (70%) , CLOSED-BOOK

2
Delivery Schedule

Classroom: EB480

• Lecture+Tutorial: 3pm-5:50pm ,FRIDAY, w1-13

3
Main
Textbook

4
References
• Dynamics of Structures (3rd Edition)
Authors: Ray W. Clough and Joseph Penzien
Publisher: Computers & Structures, Inc.
2003

• Structural Dynamics: Concepts and Applications


Authors: Henry R. Busby and George H. Staab
Publisher: CRC
2018

• Structural Dynamics
Author: MARTIN WILLIAMS
Publisher: CRC
5
2016
Course Contents
• Introduction to basic concepts of structural dynamics

• Free vibration of SDOF systems (undamped and damped)

• Forced vibration of SDOF systems under harmonic loading

• Forced vibration of SDOF systems under general loading

• Free vibration of MDOF systems

• Forced vibration of MDOF systems

• Mode shapes and frequencies using GSA

• Observation (video): Shaking table demonstration

6
Lecturer 1: Overview of Structural Dynamics
What is Structural Dynamics?
• Structural dynamics is a subject that deals with the structural
response to dynamic loadings in general, which is an extension
of study of static structural analysis.
• A dynamic load can be simply defined as a time‐varying load, i.e.
any load of which its magnitude, direction, and/or position
varies with time.
• The structural response to a dynamic load, i.e., the resulting
stresses and deflections, is also time varying, or dynamic.
What is Structural Dynamics?

• The main difference between static structural analysis


and dynamic structural analysis (or structural dynamics,
or dynamics of structures) is that the latter considers
inertial effects on masses, which must be included in the
“equilibrium” (dynamical equilibrium) equations.
Types of Dynamic Loads harmonic
periodic
non-harmonic
deterministic blast
non-periodic
Dynamic Loading other transient
earthquake
non-deterministic wind
(random loading) others
Of course, other classifications are also possible, e.g.
harmonic
periodic
non-harmonic

Dynamic Loading blast


earthquake
non-periodic wind
others

Note: Although almost all the loadings are dynamic by nature, they are
treated as static ones if the inertial/dynamic effects (with respect to the
effects of static loadings) are negligible.
Types of Dynamic Loads
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)

• The number of independent displacements required to define the displaced positions


of all the masses relative to their original position is called the number of degrees of
freedom (DOFs) for dynamic analysis.

• In the literature, DOF has been used to refer to the “number” or the “displacement”
itself.

Examples:

Consider a simply-supported beam, with a mass (weight of W) concentrated at


the mid-span (ignoring the weight of the beam, only deflections caused by
bending considered).

number of masses = ?
number of DOFs = ?
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)
Examples (continued):

Consider a one-story portal frame with the mass lumped at the horizontal beam
with infinite flexural rigidity (EIb =+∞) and infinite axial rigidity (EAb=+∞), and
EAc=+∞ for the column.

Consider a three-story building frame with the masses lumped at each horizontal
beam with infinite flexural stiffness (EIb =+∞) and infinite axial rigidity
(EAb=+∞), and EAc=+∞ for the column.

number of masses = ? number of masses = ?


number of DOFs = ? number of DOFs = ?
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)
Examples (continued):

Include axial deformation (EAc = a finite value) for the column for the first
example (last slide).

number of masses = ?
number of DOFs = ?
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)

Examples (continued):

Consider a pad foundation as a rigid body in 2D.

number of masses = ? number of masses = ?


number of DOFs = ? number of DOFs = ?
Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)

Examples (continued):

number of masses = ?
number of DOFs = ?
Distributed Mass

Consider a beam with uniformly distributed mass along it length

The governing equation of motion has independent variables of position and time (x, t) and
thus is a partial differential equation (PDE).

number of masses = ∞
number of DOFs = ∞
Lumped Mass
Consider a beam with uniformly distributed mass along it length, which has been discretized
into lumped‐mass systems.

The governing equation of motion has only an independent variable of time (t) and thus

is an ordinary differential equation (ODE).


Review of Solutions to Ordinary Second-Order Differential Equations
Please refer to the document “ODEs” uploaded on LM for more details on this
topic.
Review of Solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations
Review of Solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations
22
23
24
Virtual Unit Load Method with Graphical Multiplication for calculating displacements

Virtual/Dummy Unit Load Method


k
Calculate the vertical displacement of k ( ) . iP
iP

Two systems:
p-system + unit-load system ( …).
P 1

For general frame members:

NPNi kQ P Q i M PM i (axial + shear + bending)


 ip   [ EA

GA

EI
] ds

For beams and frames (ignoring axial and shear deformations ):

MM P ds
 iP   
EI
Graphical Multiplication Method for calculating  iP    MM P ds
EI
Area
MM P
 ds
EI Area center

1
  M M P ds (Requiring EI to be constant)
EI
1

EI  M M P dx

( M  x tan  )
1
  x tan   M P dx
EI (Requiring one of M graphs to
be a straight line)

tan 
  xM P dx
EI
tan  1
    xc   yc
EI EI
Graphical Multiplication Method
Prerequisites:
 EI is constant (prismatic beam) .

 One of M graphs (at least) is a straight line.

Note 1: When  and yc are on the same side, the product is positive; otherwise, it is negative.

Note2: When both M graphs are straight lines, yc can be from either of M graphs while  from
the other.

MM P
 ds
EI
MM P ds (with each being
When there are more members, use  iP    calculated by this
EI
method if applicable)
Area and Area/Shape Center
Area and Area/Shape Center

Vertex Quadratic
parabola
Quadratic parabola

hl
 
n1 h
C
Vertex

Vertex Cubic l
parabola
n2
( n  1) l n-degree
parabola

n2
30
31
32
33
34
35
End of Lecture

36

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