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Forest and Wildlife Resources Notes by Amith

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AMITH NAIR
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113 views8 pages

Forest and Wildlife Resources Notes by Amith

Uploaded by

AMITH NAIR
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FOREST AND WILDLIFE

RESOURCES
BIODIVERSITY

 Biodiversity refers to the total species of flora and fauna living on the planet.

Flora and Fauna


 Flora: The collective community of all plant species.
 Fauna: The collective community of all animal species.
Flora and Fauna in India

India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its


vast array of biological diversity. Different varieties of
forest and wildlife resources are found in India. Based on
the International Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources (IUCN), we can classify different
categories of existing plants and animal species as:
Normal species, Endangered species, Vulnerable species, Rare
species, Endemic species, Extinct species
Classification of Species
1. Normal species: Species whose population levels are normal for their survival,
such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
2. Endangered species: These species are in danger of extinction. For example,
species are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion-tailed
macaque, sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur), etc.
3. Vulnerable species: These are species whose population has declined to levels
that it is likely to move into the endangered category soon if it continues to
decline in the same manner. E.g., Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin,
etc.
4. Rare species: Species with a small population may move into the endangered or
vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate.
Examples of such species are the Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo,
desert fox and hornbill, etc.
5. Endemic species: These are species which are only found in some areas, usually
isolated by natural or geographical barriers. Examples of such species are the
Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
Factors That Cause Depletion Of The Flora And Faun

1. Excessive consumption of natural resources for fulfilling


human needs, such as wood, bark, leaves, rubber, medicines,
dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure, etc.
2. The expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and
scientific forestry and mining activities.
3. Large-scale development of projects and mining activities.
4. Unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and
differential sharing of responsibility for environmental
well-being.
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in
India

 Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and


preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals.
1. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in
1972 to protect habitats, and an all-India list of
protected species was published.
2. The central government also announced several projects for
protecting specific animals. Under the Wildlife Act of 1980
and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and
one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected
species.
3. In 1991, for the first time, plants were also added to the
list, starting with six species.
Types and Distribution of Forest
and Wildlife Resources

 In India, forest and wildlife resources are owned and managed


by the government through the Forest Department or other
government departments. These are classified under the
following categories.
 Reserved forests: More than half of the total forest land in
India has been declared reserved forests.
 Protected forests: Forest Department has declared one-third of
the total forest area as protected forest.
 Unclassed forests: These are the forests and wastelands which
belong to both government and private individuals and
communities. North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a
very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests.
 Reserved and protected forests are also referred to
as permanent forests, which are maintained for the purpose of
producing timber and other forest produce and for protective
reasons. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent
forests.
Community and Conservation

 Conservation of the forest and wildlife resources is very important.


Here are a few steps taken by common people:
1. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against
mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
2. The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan
have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav
‘Sonchuri’. Villages came up with their own set of rules and
regulations which do not allow hunting. They are also protecting the
wildlife against any outside encroachments.
3. The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas was one successful
attempt to resist deforestation in several areas. The movement has
also resulted in community afforestation.
4. Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri
and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop
production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and
economically viable.
5. India’s Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme furnishes a good
example of involving local communities in the management and
restoration of degraded forests.

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