2021-1-DE02-KA220-ADU-000033587

11. Smart monitoring system

1. Introduction
1.1 What am I learning here and why?
An intelligent, integrated smart monitoring system can support you in your daily life. It
allows you to remotely monitor your home installations, i.e. check security camera feeds,
receive real-time alerts and notifications, and manage various aspects of your home's
security and automation from anywhere.
In this tutorial, you will use the sensors and components that you used in the previous
tutorials in order to create a smart monitoring system for your SmartHome house model.
You will need to use the knowledge acquired since the first tutorial and put it into
practice.
The goal is to utilize the OLED display in order to display information on all connected
sensors and electronics.

1.2 Learning Objectives

After you have completed the tutorial you will

 Understand the use and characteristics of the OLED display.

 Be able to create a smart monitoring system that provides information on all
connected electronics and sensors.

1.3 What do I need?

Software

So that you can carry out the installations shown in this tutorial you should have
downloaded the Thonny programming environment on your device. Also, you need to
have installed the firmware of MicroPython on your Raspberry Pi Pico. The extended
modifications (see p 42 in manual) including the extra components and their connectivity
must also be made on the breadboard.
Electrical Hardware

 1 x Raspberry Pi Pico
 1 x Full-size breadboard
 1 x Micro-USB cable
 Jumper wires as needed
 1 x OLED SSD1306 display
 5 x 220 Ohm resistor
 2 x 1k Ohm resistor
 1 x LDR photoresistor

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 1 x HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor

 1 x 100nF Capacitor
 1 x Push button
 1 x PIR motion detector sensor
 4 x LEDs
 1 x DHT11 sensor
 1 x Traffic lights LED
 2 x SG90 servo motor
 1 x MQ-135 air quality sensor
 1 x Fan
 1 x Buzzer
 1 x Flame detection sensor
 1 x TIP-120 control module
 1 x Raindrop sensor
 1 x Diode 1N40007
 1 x RFID reader RC522
 1 x Rotary potentiometer
 1 x RFID key fob
To attach components at SmartHome4Seniors house model
Please check out all previous tutorials and the manuals for technical composition of the
house model. Completion of the previous tutorials is considered a precondition for this
tutorial.
Ability

As regards physical skills you should be able to count off holes on the breadbord and
insert components to it.

2. Learning content
2.1 Theoretical background
What is an OLED SSD1306 display?
An OLED SSD1306 display is a type of electronic display that uses OLED (Organic Light-
Emitting Diode) technology and is controlled by an SSD1306 display driver IC (Integrated
Circuit). OLED is a display technology that uses organic compounds to emit light when an
electric current is applied. Unlike traditional LCD displays, OLEDs do not require a
backlight, which allows them to be thinner, lighter, and more power-efficient. OLED
displays offer vibrant colors, high contrast ratios, and fast response times, making them

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suitable for various applications, including smartphones, TVs, and small screens like those
found in wearables and IoT devices. The SSD1306 is an OLED display driver IC
(Integrated Circuit) manufactured by Solomon Systech. This driver IC is designed to
control OLED displays and is commonly used for small monochrome OLED screens. It
communicates with a microcontroller or other control circuitry to display text, graphics, and
images on the OLED screen. The SSD1306 IC is compatible with various microcontrollers
and development platforms, making it a popular choice for hobbyists and developers.

Figure 1 OLED SSD1306 display

OLED SSD1306 displays are often used in DIY electronics projects, embedded systems,
and wearable devices because of their compact size, low power consumption, and sharp
image quality. These displays are available in various sizes, resolutions, and
configurations, and they are commonly used in applications like smartwatches, fitness
trackers, digital cameras, and IoT devices where space and power efficiency are important
considerations.
Developers can program the SSD1306 display to show text, graphics, and even simple
animations, making it a versatile choice for adding a visual interface to electronic projects.
Libraries and libraries exist to facilitate interfacing with these displays, making it relatively
easy to integrate them into different microcontroller-based projects.
To use the OLED SSD1306 display you will need to install the necessary libraries to your
Raspberry Pi Pico. Initial information is provided on page of the SmartHome4Seniors
manual. However, additional information is provided below in section 2 of this tutorial.

2.2 Step-by-Step Guide

Now let's move on to the implementation of the before mentioned scenario. To do this,
take the SmartHome4Seniors house model or just look at the instructions and
recordings.
Three steps are required for installing the smart monitoring system using the OLED
Display. These are:
1. Install the SSD1306 package to your Raspberry Pi Pico
2. Connect the OLED Display to your Breadboard
3. Write the Micro Python code
Now, let’s bring our monitoring system to life.

2.2.1 Install the SSD1306 package to your Raspberry Pi Pico

Before starting programming, the OLED display, you first need to add the SSD1306
package to your Raspberry Pi Pico. To do that, please follow the next steps:

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1. Open Thonny and go to Tools  Manage packages…

2. In the manage packages window, type SSD1306 and click Search.

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 2021-1-DE02-KA220-ADU-000033587

3. Once search is over, click on the micropython-ssd1306.

4. On the next window, click Install.

5. Wait for package installation, then click close.

In addition, you can always use the ssd1306.py code which you can find in the appendix
of this tutorial.
Now, you are ready to proceed with programming the OLED display and all other
sensors and electronics.

2.2.2 Connect the OLED Display to your Breadboard

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Open Thonny Python, then go to File  Save as…, choose Raspberry Pi Pico, and save
your file under the name main.py. You should have by now all electronics and sensors
mounted to the SmartHome model and connected to the breadboard.
To connect the OLED display you will need 4 male-to-female jumper wires, and to mount
it on the SmartHome model you will need 4 M2 metal bolts and 4 M2 metal nuts.

Wiring diagram for the OLED display:

– connect the red cable to 3v3 rail (+)

– connect the black cable to GND rail (-)
– connect the green cable to GPIO14 I2C1 SDA pin
– connect the blue cable to GPIO15 I2C1 SCL pin

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Complete wiring diagram for SmartHome4SENIORS Kit:

2.2.3 Write the Micro Python code

The MicroPython code for this tutorial is a compilation of code from the previous tutorials.
It contains the setup and control for various components such as pins, sensors, servos,
LEDs, buzzers, and displays. It also contains information on how to use the components
of the previous tutorials, such as a garage door opener, entrance door security system,
doorbell, smart lights, smart thermostat, smart fire alarm, smart air quality detection
system, smart rain detection system, and smart security system. The code includes
functions that interact with the components and perform actions based on sensor input.
In principle, it should look something like the following:
from machine import Pin, ADC, PWM, I2C
from servo import Servo
from hcsr04 import HCSR04
from dht import DHT11
from mfrc522 import MFRC522
from ssd1306 import SSD1306_I2C
from time import sleep

#Define pins for each component

PIN_TRIG = 21
PIN_ECHO = 20
PIN_DOOR = 0

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PIN_GARAGE = 1
PIN_RED = 3
PIN_YELLOW = 4
PIN_GREEN = 5
PIN_BUZZER = 6
PIN_BUTTON = 7
PIN_PIR = 22
PIN_LED_1 = 10
PIN_LED_2 = 11
PIN_GAS = 12
PIN_RAINDROP = 13
PIN_LDR = 26
PIN_POT = 27
PIN_DHT = 8
PIN_FAN = 9
PIN_FLAME_SENSOR = 2
PIN_SDA = 17
PIN_SCK = 18
PIN_MOSI = 19
PIN_MISO = 16
PIN_RST = 28
PIN_SDA_OLED = 14
PIN_SCK_OLED = 15

#Setup global variables

WIDTH = 128
HEIGHT = 64
MAX = 65535
MID = 32768
MIN = 0

#Setup button
button = Pin(PIN_BUTTON, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_DOWN)

#Setup buzzer
buzzer = Pin(PIN_BUZZER, Pin.OUT)
buzzer.value(0)

#Setup PIR sensor

PIR = Pin(PIN_PIR, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP)

#Setup LED lights

led_1 = PWM(Pin(PIN_LED_1))
led_2 = PWM(Pin(PIN_LED_2))

led_1.freq(1000)

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led_2.freq(1000)

led_1.duty_u16(MIN)
led_2.duty_u16(MIN)
sleep(5)

#Setup LDR photoresistor

LDR = ADC(Pin(PIN_LDR))
LDR_MAX = 4000
LDR_MIN = 50
LDR_THRESHOLD = int((LDR_MAX + LDR_MIN)/2)

#Setup POT potentiometer

POT = ADC(Pin(PIN_POT))

#Setup for HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor

ultrasonic = HCSR04(PIN_TRIG, PIN_ECHO)

#Setup for traffic lights module

ledred = Pin(PIN_RED, Pin.OUT)
ledyellow = Pin(PIN_YELLOW, Pin.OUT)
ledgreen = Pin(PIN_GREEN, Pin.OUT)
ledred.value(0)
ledyellow.value(0)
ledgreen.value(0)

#Setup for entrance door

door = Pin(PIN_DOOR)
entrance_door = Servo(pin_id=door)
entrance_door.write(120) #number should be adjusted depending on
at what angle you have placed the door on the servo motor

#Setup for garage door

garage = Pin(PIN_GARAGE)
garage_door = Servo(pin_id=garage)
garage_door.write(145) #number should be adjusted depending on at
what angle you have placed the garage door on the servo motor

#Setup flame sensor

flame_sensor = Pin(PIN_FLAME_SENSOR, Pin.IN)

#Setup DHT sensor

dht = DHT11(PIN_DHT)

#Setup DC fan
fan = Pin(PIN_FAN, Pin.OUT)

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#Setup RFID Reader RC522

RFID = MFRC522(spi_id=0, sck=PIN_SCK, miso=PIN_MISO,
mosi=PIN_MOSI, cs=PIN_SDA, rst=PIN_RST)

#Setup for raindrop sensor

rain_sensor = Pin(PIN_RAINDROP, Pin.IN)

#Setup for MQ135 air quality sensor

gas_sensor = Pin(PIN_GAS, Pin.IN)

#Setup for OLED display

i2c = I2C(1, sda=Pin(PIN_SDA_OLED), scl=Pin(PIN_SCK_OLED))
oled = SSD1306_I2C(WIDTH, HEIGHT, i2c)
oled.fill(0)

while True:
#Tutorial 2 - Garage Door
distance = ultrasonic.distance_cm()
if distance > 20:
ledred.value(1)
ledyellow.value(0)
ledgreen.value(0)
garage_door.write(145)
sleep(0.1)
elif distance > 10:
ledred.value(0)
ledyellow.value(1)
ledgreen.value(0)
garage_door.write(145)
sleep(0.1)
elif distance > 5:
ledred.value(0)
ledyellow.value(0)
ledgreen.value(1)
garage_door.write(200)
sleep(0.1)

#Tutorial 3 - Entrance Door

if PIR.value() == 1:
print("Scan your Key!")
sleep(1)
if PIR.value() == 0:
print("")
sleep(1)

RFID.init()
(stat, tag_type) = RFID.request(RFID.REQIDL)

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if stat == RFID.OK:
(stat, uid) = RFID.SelectTagSN()
if stat == RFID.OK:
fob = int.from_bytes(bytes(uid),"little",False)

if fob == 481642800: #change number to your fob ID

print("Fob ID: "+ str(fob))
#enable servo motors
entrance_door.write(200) #number should be
adjusted depending on at what angle you have placed the door on
the servo motor
sleep(5)
entrance_door.write(120)
else:
print("Fob is not accepted")

#Tutorial 4 - Doorbell
if button.value():
oled.fill(0)
oled.text("Someone's at the door!", 0, 0)
buzzer.value(1)
sleep(0.5)
buzzer.value(0)
sleep(1)
buzzer.value(1)
sleep(1.5)
buzzer.value(0)
sleep(2)

#Tutorial 5 - Smart Lights

POT_value = POT.read_u16()
#print(POT_value)
led_1.duty_u16(POT_value)
led_2.duty_u16(POT_value)
sleep(0.1)

if PIR.value():
led_1.duty_u16(MAX)
led_2.duty_u16(MAX)
sleep(3)

LDR_value = LDR.read_u16()
print (LDR_value)
if LDR_value > LDR_THRESHOLD:
led_1.duty_u16(MAX)
led_2.duty_u16(MAX)
sleep(0.1)

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#Tutorial 6 - Smart Thermostat

dht.measure()
temp = dht.temperature()
hum = dht.humidity()

print("Room Temp:", temp, "°C")

print("Room Humidity:", hum, "%")

temperature_threshold = 25 # Adjust the temperature threshold

as needed

oled.text("Temp: ", temp, 0, 10)

oled.text("Hum: ", hum, 0, 20)

if temp > temperature_threshold:

fan.value(1)
print("Fan ON")
else:
fan.value(0)
print("Fan OFF")
sleep(3)

#Tutorial 7 - Smart Fire Alarm

if flame_sensor() == 0: #when "fire" is detected
oled.text("Fire!", 0, 30)
#buzz the buzzer
buzzer.value(1)
#enable servo motors
entrance_door.write(200) #number should be adjusted
depending on at what angle you have placed the door on the servo
motor
garage_door.write(200) #number should be adjusted
depending on at what angle you have placed the garage door on the
servo motor
sleep(0.5) # Wait for 0.5 seconds
else:
buzzer.value(0)
entrance_door.write(120) #number should be adjusted
depending on at what angle you have placed the door on the servo
motor
garage_door.write(145) #number should be adjusted
depending on at what angle you have placed the garage door on the
servo motor
sleep(0.5) # Wait for 0.5 seconds

#Tutorial 8 - Smart Air Quality Detection System

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if gas_sensor() == 0:
oled.text("Gas Detected!", 0, 40)
print("Gas Detected")
#Activate the buzzer when gas is detected
buzzer.value(1)
sleep(0.5)
#Turn off the buzzer after the delay
buzzer.value(0)
else:
print("Gas Not Detected")
sleep(1.5)

#Tutorial 9 - Smart Rain Detection System

if rain_sensor() == 1:
print("Not raining")
sleep(0.5)
else:
print("It's raining!")
sleep(0.5)

#Tutorial 10 - Smart Security System

# RFID Reader RC522
print("Bring RFID FOB closer...")
while True:
RFID.init()
(stat, tag_type) = RFID.request(RFID.REQIDL)
if stat == RFID.OK:
(stat, uid) = RFID.SelectTagSN()
if stat == RFID.OK:
fob = int.from_bytes(bytes(uid), "little", False)
print("FOB ID:", fob)

if fob == 470550832: #change number to your fob ID

print("FOB ID accepted")
oled.text("You may Enter!", 0, 50)
break
else:
print("FOB ID not accepted")

# PIR Motion Sensor

if PIR.value():
print("Motion detected!")
buzzer.value(1)
sleep(0.5)
buzzer.value(0)
sleep(0.5)
buzzer.value(1)

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sleep(0.5)
buzzer.value(0)
sleep(0.5)
sleep(1)

oled.show()

2.2.4 Application on SmartHome

Now it is time to test your code and circuit on your SmartHome4Seniors house model.
Make sure to save the MicroPython code in the Raspberry Pi Pico under main.py name,
as instructed at the beginning of the tutorial. Click the Play button in Thonny and bring
your SmartHome4Seniors house model to life!

3. Summary
In this tutorial you have learned how you can connect and program an OLED display on
your house model to display information about the connected electronics and sensors.
This tutorial utilized all sensors and electronics provided in the SmartHome4SENIORS Kit
in order to simulate a fully functional smart home.

Self-assessment
1. Can an OLED SSD1306 display show information of inputs, such as notifying the
user of a doorbell being pressed?
a. Yes
b. No
c. It depends on the setup.
2. Why do you need to install a separate MicroPython library before using the OLED
SSD1306 display?
a. The library is required to be installed because communication with the
Raspberry Pi Pico can be done without it.
b. The library creates the connections between your computer and the
Raspberry Pi Pico, which could not be done otherwise.
c. The library makes the interface between the display and the Raspberry Pi
Pico easier, improving reliability and reducing coding time.

References
n/a

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Appendix
ssd1306.py
# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

from micropython import const

import framebuf

# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)

# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives

#
http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.ht
ml
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.external_vcc = external_vcc
self.pages = self.height // 8
self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height,
framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
self.init_display()

def init_display(self):
for cmd in (
SET_DISP | 0x00, # off
# address setting
SET_MEM_ADDR,
0x00, # horizontal
# resolution and layout

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SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01, # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
SET_MUX_RATIO,
self.height - 1,
SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08, # scan from COM[N] to COM0
SET_DISP_OFFSET,
0x00,
SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
# timing and driving scheme
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
0x80,
SET_PRECHARGE,
0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
SET_VCOM_DESEL,
0x30, # 0.83*Vcc
# display
SET_CONTRAST,
0xFF, # maximum
SET_ENTIRE_ON, # output follows RAM contents
SET_NORM_INV, # not inverted
# charge pump
SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
SET_DISP | 0x01,
): # on
self.write_cmd(cmd)
self.fill(0)
self.show()

def poweroff(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)

def poweron(self):
self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)

def contrast(self, contrast):

self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
self.write_cmd(contrast)

def invert(self, invert):

self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

def show(self):
x0 = 0
x1 = self.width - 1
if self.width == 64:
# displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
x0 += 32
x1 += 32
self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)

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self.write_cmd(x0)
self.write_cmd(x1)
self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
self.write_cmd(0)
self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
self.write_data(self.buffer)

class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C,
external_vcc=False):
self.i2c = i2c
self.addr = addr
self.temp = bytearray(2)
self.write_list = [b"\x40", None] # Co=0, D/C#=1
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

def write_cmd(self, cmd):

self.temp[0] = 0x80 # Co=1, D/C#=0
self.temp[1] = cmd
self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

def write_data(self, buf):

self.write_list[1] = buf
self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)

class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs,
external_vcc=False):
self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
self.spi = spi
self.dc = dc
self.res = res
self.cs = cs
import time

self.res(1)
time.sleep_ms(1)
self.res(0)
time.sleep_ms(10)
self.res(1)
super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

def write_cmd(self, cmd):

self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(0)

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self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
self.cs(1)

def write_data(self, buf):

self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
self.cs(1)
self.dc(1)
self.cs(0)
self.spi.write(buf)
self.cs(1)

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