M4: CONFINED

SPACE
EQUIPMENT
AUTHORISED GAS TESTER
AND ENTRY SUPERVISOR
FOR CONFINED SPACE
(REFRESHER)

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LEARNING OUTCOME

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RECAP
Respiratory Protection
Gas Detection System Ventilation System Devices

- Function and - Function and - Type and selection

components components of respiratory
- Administration, - Evaluation of min. protection
calibration and capacity and - Pre-usage
maintenance duration of initial requirement of air
- Pre-usage ventilation supplied respirator
requirement - Consideration for - Evaluation of
- Sampling effective working duration of
technique ventilation SAR
- Administration,
maintenance and
service

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GAS DETECTION
SYSTEM

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TERMS AND DEFINITION
Alarm set point
• The selected gas concentration level at which an
alarm is activated

Ambient air
• Surrounding air to which the sensing element is
normally exposed in its installed position

Bump test/ span check

• Procedure used to verify the response of an
instrument which does not include actual
adjustment (sensor activation)
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TERMS AND DEFINITION
Calibration gas
• A known concentration of gas that is used to
set instrument’s accuracy

Cross sensitivity
• The predictable response of a detector to
compounds other than the target gas

Zero check
• To verify that the instrument reads true zero

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RECOMMENDED FEATURES

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1
GROUP
2
DISCUSSION
Name No.
3
Screen Display

4
Menu Button
Power Button
5 Rubber Casing
LED Lamp (Alarm)
6
Sensor

7 Horn (Alarm)

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GROUP DISCUSSION
8

Name No.
9
Charging Port
10 Pump inlet
Charge status
LED
11 Belt clip
Filter
12
Communication
Port
13

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GROUP DISCUSSION

Discuss the need for bump test and full calibration.

Explain the differences.

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QUIZ

 Please interpret the

reading for:
1. working duration;
2. possible root cause;
and
3. recommended control
measure

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VENTILATION
SYSTEM
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

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VENTILATION SYSTEM

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FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE
VENTILATION

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FAN CAPACITY
Problems Disadvantages Recommendation
Use of long Capacity loss due Use higher capacity
ducting to friction

Accumulation Capacity loss due Clean the ducting

of dirt in to friction
ducting
Mechanical Capacity loss due Preventative
deficiency to depreciation of maintenance
i.e. Corrosion, efficiency
bearing, motor
Damaged Reduced capacity Inspection prior to use,
ducting preventative
maintenance

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QUALITY OF AIR
Problems Disadvantages Recommendation
Contaminated Hazardous Examine and test using gas
air from exposure to the detector to confirm the air
external source worker (inside CS) is safe
Place the intake of the air
supply far from
contaminated source
Ventilate with Oxygen Comply PTW requirement
oxygen or inert deficiency or Install special coupling
gas excess
Accumulation Contaminated air Preventative maintenance
of dirt
Wind effect Uncontrolled of Place the outlet in a down-
contaminated air wind area
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DUCTING ARRANGEMENT
Problems Disadvantages Recommendation
Exhaust outlet Recirculation Locate the exhaust outlet
too close to such that contaminants
intake will not be drawn back
into confined space.
Duct position too Poor distribution Directing the output
far from working of supplied air toward working area
area
Duct bend Every bend Do not kink or make sharp
decreases air bends in your ducts.
flow
Loose Reduce Make sure all connections
connection capacity are tight.
Improper duct Damages Protect your ducts from
placement ducting damage
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AIR CHANGE PER HOUR (ACH)
CALCULATION

ACH = Volume Flow Rate (ft3/ min) X 60 (min/ hr)

Volume of Space (ft3)

ACH = Volume Flow Rate (m3/ s) X 3600 (s/ hr)

Volume of Space (m3)

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INITIAL VENTILATION DURATION
CALCULATION
Volume (ft3)
Initial Ventilation =
Volume flow rate (ft3/ min)

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GROUP DISCUSSION

A cylindrical water tank is being ventilated by TWO

(2) ventilators with the flow rate of 1200 cfm each.
The space dimensions is shown in the figure.

1. If the activity to be conducted in the tank is

physical inspection, do you think the
accumulative ventilators’ capacity is sufficient?
2. If the next activity is welding, what is the
minimum flow rate for the ventilator?
3. What is the minimum duration to perform initial
ventilation?

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GROUP DISCUSSION

Ø: 10 ft
L: 20 ft

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RESPIRATORY
PROTECTION
DEVICES
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

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TYPES OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
DEVICES
RPD
APR (Air
SAR (Supplied
Purifying
Air Respirator)
Respirator)

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AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (APR)

 Protecting
the user from airborne contaminants at
the workplace using:

particulate filter for particulates;

chemical cartridge for gas or vapors;

and

combination of filter and cartridge for

mixed contaminants (particulates and
toxic vapor )

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AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (APR)

 Two types of air purifying:

Manual - wearer Powered - draw the air

drawing the air into the through the filter with
lungs through the filter the assistance of
by inhalation; and battery powered fan.

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PARTICULATE FILTER USAGE

 Depending on the type of filtration, particulate

respirator can protect the wearer against:

mineral dust i.e. silica, asbestos, coal;

organic grain dust, wood dust, chemical dust;

toxic smokes;

toxic metal dusts/ fumes; or

toxic aerosols/ mist

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TYPES OF SAR
SAR

Self Contained Emergency Life

Supplied Air Breathing
Breathing Apparatus Support Apparatus
Apparatus (SABA)
(SCBA) (ELSA)

Open Circuit Positive

Pressure

Close Circuit
Negative Pressure

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SELF CONTAINED
BREATHING
APPARATUS
(SCBA)
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

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 GROUP C

DISCUSSION G

Name Loc.
Pressure gauge D
Lung Demand Valve
(LDV)
B
Cylinder band/ strap
F
Back plate
1st Stage Reducer A

Whistle Warning Unit

Adjustable Waist
Harness E

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GROUP DISCUSSION
H

Name Loc. I
Visor
J
Exhalation valve
K
Compress air L
cylinder
Push fit connector
Main regulator M

Neck strap

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GROUP DISCUSSION

Determine the
working duration of
the given SCBA
considering safety
factor is set at 12
minutes.

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SCBA – INTEGRITY INSPECTION

BA Cylinder Face Mask LDV and 1st

• Hydrostatic Test • Fit Test every 2 stage reducer
every 5 years years • service every 5
(recommended
by manufacturer)
years

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COMPRESSED AIR PURITY TEST

 AirPurity Test
Kits
• Compressors
should be
periodically
checked for CO,
CO2, oil, mist,
water and overall
quality of air

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SCBA – PRE USAGE TESTS
• Fitting
Physical Inspection • Hose connection
• Physical appearance

Check for Balance

• > 80% cylinder capacity
Pressure

High Pressure Leak • Fully open and close back main valve
Test • Pressure not drop more than 10 Bar/ minute

Warning Whistle • Close LDV and release pressure slowly

Test • Check whistle activation at approx. 50 – 60 bar

Low Pressure Leak • Speech diaphragm test

Test • Face mask leak test

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SCBA – HOUSEKEEPING

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EMERGENCY LIFE
SUPPORT
APPARATUS (ELSA)
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

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EMERGENCY LIFE SUPPORT
APPARATUS (ELSA)

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TYPES OF ELSA
Positive Pressure Positive Pressure
(Constant Flow) (Demand Features)

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SUPPLIED AIR
BREATHING
APPARATUS
(SABA)
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

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 43

SUPPLIED AIR BREATHING APPARATUS

(SABA)

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SABA – TECHNICAL ASPECTS

Require dedicated operator to

operate the mobile cylinder.

Two (2) workers can be

connected to one airline system.

Antistatic, Flame Retardant and

Water Resistant.

Attached to ELSA as standby.

Quality of air should meet ‘grade

D’ ANSI breathing air standards.

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SABA

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THANK YOU
CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
PROGRAM

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