Delhi Public School, Bopal Ahmedabad

Ch- 1 Electric charges and field

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

 F = K q1 q2 /r2
 E = F/q0 N/C
 E = K q/r2
 τ = pE sinθ Nm
 ϕ= ES cos θ = q/ε0 Nm2 C-1

1. State Coulomb’s law of force. Name and define SI unit of charge.

2. Derive an expression for electric field intensity at a point at distance r from a point
charge q.
3. What is electric dipole? Define electric dipole moment and give its Si unit.
4. Define electric field intensity and derive an expression for it at a point on the axial
line of dipole. Also determine its direction.
5. Define electric dipole moment and derive an expression for the electric field intensity
at any point along the equatorial line of an electric dipole. Also determine its
direction.
6. Derive an expression for the torque acting on an electric dipole , which is held in
uniform electric field , when the axis of dipole makes an angle θ of with the electric
field. Hence define electric dipole moment.
7. Define electric line of force. Give the important properties of electric lines of force.
8. Sketch the lines of force of (i) a point charge q > 0, (ii) a point charge q<0, (iii) an
electric dipole (iv) tow equal positive charges placed small distance apart in air (v) a
positively charged plane conductor.
9. Define electric flux, give its SI unit.
10. State and prove gauss theorem. Also Derive Coulomb’s law from Gauss law.
11. Using gauss theorem, derive an expression for the electric field intensity due to an
infinitely long, straight wire of linear charged density λ Cm-1 .
12. Using gauss theorem, derive an expression for the electric field intensity at a point
near a thin infinite plane sheet of charge density σ Cm-2 .
13. Apply gauss theorem to calculate the electric field due to a uniformly charge spherical
shell at a point (i) outside the shell, (ii) on the shell (iii) inside the shell.

NCERT Exercise question no. 1, 6, 8, 10, 15, 18. (Complete Exercise)

 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, BOPAL, AHMEDABAD
Chapter 1 : Electric Charges and Field
Conceptual Questions

1. Which orientation of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field would correspond

to (a) stable equilibrium , (b) Unstable equilibrium?
2. If the radius of the Gaussian surface enclosing a charge is halved, how does
the electric flux through the Gaussian surface change ?
3. Figure shows three point charges, +2q, -q and + 3q. Two charges +2q and -q
are enclosed within a surface ‘S’. What is the electric flux due to this
configuration through the surface ‘S’

4. Name the physical quantity whose S.I. unit is JC-1. Is it a scalar or a vector
quantity?
5. Why should electrostatic field be zero inside a conductor?
6. Why must electrostatic field be normal to the surface at every point of a
charged conductor?
7. A charge ‘q’ is placed at the centre of a cube of side l. What is the electric flux
passing through each face of the cube?
8. What is the direction of the electric field at the surface of a charged conductor
having charge density σ < 0?
9. Is the electric field due to a charge configuration with total charge zero,
necessarily zero? Justify
10. Two charges of magnitudes – 2Q and + Q are located at points (a, 0) and
(4a,0) respectively. What is the electric flux due to these charges through a
sphere of radius ‘3a’ with its centre at the origin?
11. Write the expression for the work done on an electric dipole of dipole moment
p in turning it from its position of stable equilibrium to a position of unstable
equilibrium in a uniform electric
field E.
12. Why do the electric field lines never cross each other?
13. Why are electric field lines perpendicular at a point on an equipotential
surface of a conductor?
14. Draw a plot showing variation of electric field with distance from the centre of
a solid conducting sphere of radius R, having a charge of +Q on its surface.
15. A spherical conducting shell of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 has a
charge ‘Q’. A charge ‘q’ is placed at the centre of the shell.
(a) What is the surface charge density on the
(i) inner surface,
(ii) outer surface of the shell?
 Delhi Public School, Bopal Ahmedabad

Ch- 2 Electrostatics potential and Capacitance

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

 V= W/q
 V= K q/r
 E= -dV/dr
 U= - K q1 q2 / r 12
 U= - pE cosθ
 C= q/V
 C= ε0 A/d
 U = ½ CV2
 u = ½ ε0 E 2
 C= ε0 A / d- t(1-1/K)

1. Define electric potential. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a distance r
from a point charge q.
2. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point (i) on axial line (ii) on
equatorial line (iii) on any general line
3. Show that electric field at any point is equal to the negative of the potential gradient at
that point.
4. What is equipotential surface. Give some important properties of the equipotential
surfaces.
5. Sketch equipotential surfaces for (i) a positive point charge (ii) an electric dipole (iii)
a uniform electric field (iv) two equal and positive charges separated by small
distance.
6. Derive expression for the potential energy of a system of two point charges and three
point charges.
7. Define the term electric dipole moment. Derive an expression for the total work done
in rotating the dipole through an angle θ in uniform electric field E
8. Show (i) Electric field inside a conductor is zero (ii) Just outside a conductor, E.F. is
perpendicular to the surface.(iii) interior of a conductor can have no excess charge in
the static situation.(iv) Electrostatic Potential is constant throughout the volume of a
conductor and has the same value on its surface.
9. Define capacitance, Give its SI unit. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a
parallel plate capacitor.
10. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor with air as the medium
between its plates.
11. Derive an expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab
of thickness t in between plates.
NCERT Exercise Question: 1,2,4,6,8,10 ( Complete NCERT exercise and Example )
 Chapter 2
Electrostatic Potential & capacitance

Conceptual questions

1. A 500 µC charge is at the centre of a square of side 10 cm. Find the work
done in moving a charge of 10 µC between two diagonally opposite points on
the square.
2. What is the electrostatic potential due to an electric dipole at an equatorial
point?
3. A point charge Q is placed at point O as shown in the figure. Is the potential
difference VA – VB positive, negative or zero, if Q is
(i) positive
(ii) negative?

4. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5 cm is charged such that the potential on its
surface is 10 V. What is the potential and Electric field at the centre of the
sphere?
5. Why is electrostatic potential constant throughout the volume of the conductor
and has the same value (as inside) on its surface?
6. What is the geometrical shape of equipotential surfaces due to a single
isolated charge?
7. Two charges 2µC and – 2µC are placed at points A and B 5 cm apart. Depict
an equipotential surface of the system.
8. What is the amount of work done in moving a point charge around a circular
arc of radius r at the centre of which another point charge is located?
9. Two equal balls having equal positive charge ‘q’ coulumbs are suspended by
two insulating strings of equal length. What would be the effect on the force
when a plastic sheet is inserted between the two ?
10. The given graph shows variation of charge ‘q’ versus potential difference ‘V’
for two capacitors C1 and C2. Both the capacitors have same plate seperation
but plate area of C2 is greater than that of C1. Which line (A or B) corresponds
to C1 and why? (Comptt. All India 2014)

11. Two point charges 4Q, Q are separated by lm in air. At what point on the line
joining the charges is the electric field intensity zero?
 Also calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the system of charges,
taking the value of charge, Q = 2 × 10-7C
12. Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other? Give reasons.
(ii) Two charges -q and + q are located at points A (0, 0, – a) and B (0, 0, +a)
respectively. How much work is done in moving a test charge from point P (7,
0, 0) to Q (-3,0,0)?
13. Draw 3 equipotential surfaces corresponding to a field that uniformly
increases in magnitude but remains constant along Z-direction. How are these
surfaces different from that of a constant electric field along Z-direction?
14. Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 1 pF. What will be
their net capacitance if connected in parallel?
15. A network of four capacitors, each of capacitance 15 µF, is connected across
a battery of 100 V, as shown in the figure. Find the net capacitance and the
charge on the capacitor C4.

16. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of
60° with a uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 4√3 Nm. Calculate
the potential energy of the dipole, if it has charge ± 8 nC.
 Delhi Public School, Bopal Ahmedabad

Ch- 3 Current electricity

IMPORTANT FORMULAE

● I= neAvd
● R= ml/ ne2τ A
● Rt = R0 ( 1 + α t)
● V= E- Ir
● r = R [(E-V)/V]
● P/Q = R/S (for balanced wheatstone bridge)
● k-= V/l
● r = ( l1 – l2)R /l2
● X= (100 – l )R/l
● E1/ E2 = l1/ l2
1. Define specific resistance, conductance, conductivity and current density. Give its SI unit.
2. Define the term drift velocity and relaxation time. Establish relation between drift
velocity and electric field applied to the conductor.
3. Derive relation between electric current and drift velocity. Hence derive Ohm’s law on
the basis of the theory of electron drift.
4. Show relation between j ,σ and E. i.e. j= σ E
5. Define temperature coefficient of resistivity. Draw V- I graph for non- ohmic conductors.
6. Two cells of different emf’s and internal resistance are connected in series. Find
expression for the equivalent emf’s and equivalent internal resistance of the combination.
7. Two cells of different emf’s E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in
parallel between the points A and B. Find expression for the equivalent emf’s and
equivalent internal resistance of the combination
8. State Kirchhoff’s law i.e. Junction rule and loop rule.
9. State the wheatstone bridge principle. Deduce the condition for which the wheatstone
bridge is balanced.

NCERT Exercise Question: 2, 3, 4, 6, 9,10

Conceptual Questions

1. The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three identical
cells in series, versus current is as shown in the figure. What is the emf of each cell?
(Delhi 2008)

2. A wire of resistance 8R is bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective resistance
between the ends of a A diameter 2AB? (Delhi 2008)

3. Two conducting wires X and Y of same diameter across a battery. If the number density
of electro in X is twice that in Y, find the ratio of drift velocity of electrons in the two
wires.
4. Show on a graph the variation of resistivity with temperature for a typical
semiconductor , metal and alloy.
5. Two wires of equal length, one of copper and the other of manganin have the same
resistance. Which wire is thicker?
6. A 10 v battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200 V battery and a
resistance of 38Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current in circuit. (Delhi
2013)

7. Two identical cells, each of emf E, having negligible internal resistance, are connected in
parallel with each other across an external resistance R. What is the current through this
resistance ?
8. Define the term ‘Mobility’ of charge carriers in a conductor. Write its S.I. unit.
9. Define the term ‘electrical conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its S.I. unit.
10. How does one explain increase in resistivity of a metal with increase of temperature?
11. Nichrome and copper wires of same length and same radius are connected in series.
Current I is passed through them. Which wire gets heated up more?
12. Two metallic wires of the same material have the same length but cross-sectional area
is in the ratio 1 : 2. They are connected
(i) in series and
(ii) in parallel. Compare the drift velocities of electrons in the two wires in both the cases
(i) and (ii).
13. In the given circuit, assuming point A to be at zero potential, use Kirchhoff’s rules to
determine the potential at point B. (All India 2011)

14. The network PQRS, shown in the circuit diagram, has the batteries of 4 V and 5 V and
negligible internal resistance. A milliammeter of 20 Ω resistance is connected between P
and R. Calculate the reading in the milliammeter. (Comptt. All India 2012)

15. Draw a graph showing variation of resistivity with temperature for nichrome. Which
property of nichrome is used to make standard resistance coils?
16. State Kirchhoff’s rules. Explain briefly how these rules are justified.
 Worksheet Chapter 4 and 5
Ch- 4 Magnetic Effect of Current
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
● dB= (µ 0/ 4 π)( I dl sin θ)/ r 2
● F= qvB sin θ
● F= I l B sin θ
● τ = mB sinθ = N IAB sinθ
● B= µ0 n I
● ʃ B .dl = µ0 I
● f = µ0 I 1 I 2 / 2 π r

1. State Biot- Savart law. Give Si unit of magnetic field.

2. Use Biot- Savart law to obtain an expression for magnetic field at the centre of a circular
loop of radius R, carrying a steady current I . Give the direction of magnetic field.
3. Using Biot- Savart law, deduce an expression for the magnetic field on the axis of the
circular current loop.
4. State Ampere’s circuital law. Using this derive an expression for the magnetic field due to
an infinitely long straight current carrying wire.
5. Write expression for magnetic field of an ideal solenoid.
6. Discuss the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field with initial velocity
(i) parallel to the field (ii) perpendicular to the magnetic field and (iii) at an arbitrary
angle with the field direction.
7. Deduce an expression for the force acting on a current carrying straight conductor kept in
a magnetic field. Under what condition is this force (i) zero and (ii) maximum.
8. Derive a formula for the force between two parallel straight conductors carrying current
in the (i) same direction (ii) opposite direction. And write the nature of the force. Define
one ampere.
9. Derive an expression for the torque on a rectangular current carrying loop placed in a
magnetic field.
10. Explain the construction, working and principle of a moving coil galvanometer. What is
the function of (i) uniform radial field (ii) soft iron core.
11. How a galvanometer can be converted into (i) an ammeter (ii) a voltmeter.

NCERT Exercise Question No. – 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12

 Delhi Public School, Bopal Ahmedabad
Ch- 5 Magnetism
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
● m = qm ×2l
● τ = m B sinθ
● U = - m B cosθ
● M= m /V
● χm = M / H
● µ= B / B0
● µr= µ / µ0
● B= µ0 (H + M)
● χm = C/T (Curie’s law)
1. Define the term magnetic dipole moment. Give its SI unit.
2. What are magnetic lines of force? Give their important properties.
3. Give an expression for magnetic field intensity on axial and equatorial line of a bar
magnet. What is the direction of the magnetic field in both cases.
4. Writr an expression for the torque on a magnetic dipole placed in a magnetic field and
hence define magnetic dipole moment. When is the torque on a magnet (i) minimum
and (ii) maximum .
5. Write an expression for the potential energy of a bar magnet when placed in a
uniform magnetic field. Discuss the position of stable and unstable equilibrium of a
magnet.
6. Deduce an expression for the magnetic dipole moment of an electron orbiting around
the central nucleus. Also define Bohr magneton.
7. State Gauss law of magnetism. What are the important consequences?
8. Discuss (i) How a solenoid act as an equivalent bar magnet, (ii) A bar magnet can be
considered as a solenoid.
9. Distinguish between dia, para, ferro magnetic materials on the basis of
a. Effect of magnet.
b. Intensity of magnetisation
c. Magnetic susceptibility
d. Relative permeability
e. Behaviour in uniform magnetic field
f. Behaviour in non- uniform magnetic field
10. Draw a hysteresis loop with axes labelled. Explain the term retentivity (remanence),
coercive force and hysteresis.

11. State and explain (i) Curies Law and (ii) Curie Weiss Law.

NCERT Exercise Question - 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12

 Conceptual Questions
1. What is the direction of the force acting on a charged particle q, moving with a
velocity v→ in a uniform magnetic field B?
2. Why should the spring/suspension wire in a moving coil galvanometer have low torsional
constant?
3. An electron does not suffer any deflection while passing through a region of uniform
magnetic field. What is the direction of the magnetic field?
4. A beam of(a) alpha particles is projected along +x-axis, experiences a force due to a
magnetic field along the +y-axis. What is the direction of the magnetic field. What will be
your answer if the charged particles are electrons.

5. An ammeter of resistance 0.6 Ω can measure current upto 1.0 A. Calculate

(i) The shunt resistance required to enable the ammeter to measure current upto 5.0 A
(ii) The combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt.
6. Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops whereas magnetic field lines
form closed loops?
7. A particle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ moving with velocity V enters the region of uniform
magnetic field at right angle to the direction of its motion. How does its kinetic energy
get affected?
8. Write the underlying principle of a moving coil galvanometer.
9. Two identical circular wires P and Q each of radius R and carrying current ‘I’ are kept in
perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre as shown in the figure. Find
the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the common centre of the two
coils.

10. The permeability of a magnetic material is 0.9983. Name the type of magnetic materials
it represents.
11. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 1.9 × 10-5. Name the type of magnetic
materials it represents.
12. Current I flows through a circular loop of N turns and area A. Depict the north and south
pole of its equivalent magnetic dipole and write its expression.
13. A straight wire extending from east to west falls with a speed v at right angles to the
horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field (which acts from S to N of earth).
Which end of the wire would be at the higher electrical potential and why?
14. Which of the following substances are diamagnetic?
Bi, Al, Na, Cu, Ca and Ni
15. (i) Write two characteristics of a material used for making permanent magnets and
transformer core.
(ii) Why is core of an electromagnet made of ferromagnetic materials?
16. Draw magnetic field lines when a
(i) diamagnetic,
(ii) paramagnetic substance is placed in an external magnetic field.
Which magnetic property distinguishes this behaviour of the field lines due to the two
substances?
 Revision Worksheet for class XII
Chapter 6 :Electromagnetic Induction

Important Formula

1. Magnetic Flux : ϕ = 𝐵. 𝐴 = 𝐵 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠θ, Unit : Weber

𝑁𝑑ϕ 𝑑ϕ
2. Induced EMF : |𝑒| = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡 (N=1)
3. Motional EMF : |𝑒| = Blv
4. Emf induced in a rod of length l rotating in a magnetic field B with angular
velocity ω.
1 2
|𝑒| = 2
𝐵𝑙 ω
5. EMF induced in a coil of area A having n turns rotating in a magnetic field
B with angular velocity ω
|𝑒| =n B A ω sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡
1
6. Energy stored in an inductor L , U = 2 LI2 .
µ0𝑁1𝑁2𝐴
7. Mutual inductance of a pair of co-axial circular coils: M12 = 𝑙
𝑁𝑝 𝑉𝑃 𝐼𝑠
8. In a Transformer, 𝑁𝑠
= 𝑉𝑠
= 𝐼𝑝
, where Np is number of turns of primary

winding, Ns is the number of turns of secondary winding, Vp is primary

voltage, Vs is secondary voltage, Is is secondary current and Ip is primary
current.

Questions

1. State Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic Indution.

2. State Lenz’z law and show that it follows from the law of conservation of
energy.
3. Derive an expression for induced EMF produced by changing the area of
a rectangular coil placed perpendicular to a magnetic field. (Derive
e=Blv)
4. Deduce expression for motional EMF considering Lorentz force. Also
deduce expression for induced current, power delivered by external
source and power loss as heat.
5. Define self inductance and give its units and Dimensions.
6. Derive an expression for self inductance of a long ideal solenoid.
7. Define mutual inductance and give its units and Dimensions.
8. Derive an expression for mutual inductance of 2 long coaxial ideal
solenoids.
9. A rectangular coil of N turns, area A is held in uniform magnetic field B. It
the coil is rotated at a steady angular speed of ω, deduce an expression
for the induced EMF at any instant of time.

Numericals: Exercise Questions - 6.1, 6.2 6.5, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9

Conceptual Questions

1. A plot of magnetic flux (ϕ ) versus current (I) is shown in the figure for
two inductors A and B. Which of the two has larger value of self
inductance? (Delhi 2010)

2. Predict the polarity of the capacitor when the two magnets are quickly
moved in the directions marked by arrows.

3. Predict the directions of induced currents in metal rings 1 and 2 lying in

the same plane where current I in the wire is increasing steadily.

4. Predict the direction of induced current in a metal ring when the ring is
moved towards a conductor is carrying current I in the direction shown
in the figure.

5. Predict the direction of the induced current in the rectangular loop abed
as it is moved into the region of a uniform magnetic field B⃗ directed
normal to the plane of the loop. (Comptt. All India 2012)

6. How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change when

(i) distance between the coils is increased and
(ii) number of turns in the coils is increased
7. A long straight current carrying wire passes normally through the
centre of a circular loop. If the current through the wire increases, will
there be an induced emf in the. loop? Justify.
8. Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminium, are
rotated with the same angular speed in the same magnetic field.
Compare
(i) the induced emf and
(ii) the current produced in the two coils. Justify your answer.
9. A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform
magnetic field to a field-free region with a constant velocity ‘v’ as
shown in the figure. Explain in which loop do you expect the induced
emf to be constant during the passage out of the field region. The
magnetic field is normal to the loops. (All India 2010)

10. A current is induced in coil C1 due to the motion of current carrying coil
C2.

(a) Write any two ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in
the galvanometer G.
(b) Suggest an alternative device to demonstrate the induced current in
place of a galvanometer .
 Remedial Worksheet for class XII
Chapter 7 : Alternating Current

Important Formula

● R.M.S. value of alternating voltage is given by, Vrms = vmax/ 2.

● R.M.S. value of alternating voltage is given by, Irms = Imax/ 2.
1
● Capacitive reactance is given by, XC = ω𝐶
● Inductive reactance is given by, XL = ωL
2 2
● Impedance for series LCR circuit is given by, Z = 𝑅 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶)
1
● Resonant frequency in series LCR circuit is given by, fr = .
2π 𝐿𝐶
1
● Resonant Angular Frequency ωr = .
𝐿𝐶

1 𝐿
● Q-factor of series RLC circuit = 𝑅 𝐶
2
● Power loss in circuit is given by, Pl = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠R
● Power in A.C. circuit is given by, P = Vrms Irms cos ϕ
● Vav = 0.637 Vmax, Iav = 0.637 Imax
● Vrms = 0.707 Vmax, Irms = 0.707 Imax.

Questions

1. Define rms value of current (voltage) and derive its relation with peak
current (voltage).
2. Derive an expression for current and give its phase relationship with AC
voltage in a pure resistive circuit. Draw the necessary graph between
current (voltage) Vs Phase angle. Also draw the phasor diagram for the
same.
3. Derive an expression for current and give its phase relationship with AC
voltage in a pure Inductive circuit. Draw the necessary graph between
current (voltage) Vs Phase angle. Also draw the phasor diagram for the
same. Plot a graph between reactance and frequency.
4. Derive an expression for current and give its phase relationship with AC
voltage in a pure capacitive circuit. Draw the necessary graph between
current (voltage) Vs Phase angle. Also draw the phasor diagram for the
same. Plot a graph between reactance and frequency.
5. Using Phasor diagram, derive an expression for the impedance of a series
LCR circuit. What do you mean by resonance condition of this circuit?
6. What do you mean by sharpness of resonance in a series resonant circuit?
Write an expression for Q factor of the circuit.
 7. Define power in AC circuit. Derive its expression in terms of power factor.
Discuss special cases of (i)pure resistive, (ii)pure inductive and (iii)pure
capacitive circuit, (iv)series LCR circuit and (v) series LCR circuit at
resonance.
8. Explain with the help of a diagram, principle and working of a
transformer. What are the various energy losses in a transformer and how
are they reduced?

Numerical: Exercise Questions 7.1, 7.2. 7.3, 7.5, 7.6, 7.23

Conceptual Questions

1. The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by i =

10 sin 300 t A and V = 200 sin 300 t V. What is the power dissipation in
the circuit?
2. Define the term ‘wattless current’
3. When an ac source is connected across an ideal inductor, show on a
graph the nature of variation of the voltage and the current over one
complete cycle.
4. A heating element is marked 210 V, 630 W. What is the value of the
current drawn by the element when connected to a 210 V dc source?
5. Plot a graph showing variation of capacitive reactance with the change
in the frequency of the AC source
6. For an ideal inductor, connected across a sinusoidal ac voltage source,
state which one of the following quantity is zero :
(i) Instantaneous power
(ii) Average power over full cycle of the ac voltage source
7. The circuit arrangement as shown in the diagram shows that when an
a.c. passes through the coil A, the current starts flowing in the coil B.

(i) State the underlying principle involved.

(ii) Mention two factors on which the current produced in the coil B
depends
8. A 15.0 µF capacitor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz source. Find the
capacitive reactance and the rms current.
9. An electric lamp having coil of negligible inductance connected in
series with a capacitor and an a.c. source is glowing with certain
brightness. How does the brightness of the lamp change on reducing
the
(i) capacitance, and
(ii) the frequency? Justify your Answer. (Delhi 2009)

10. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observation

when this combination is connected in turn across
(i) ac source and
(ii) a ‘dc’ battery. What change would you notice in each case if the
capacitance of the capacitor is increased?
11. A capacitor ‘C’, a variable resistor ‘R’ and a bulb ‘B’ are connected in
series to the ac mains in a circuit as shown. The bulb glows with some
brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if

(i) a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor,

keeping resistance R to be the same;
(ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?
12. The figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency
200 V source with L = 50 mH, C = 80 µF and R = 40 Ω.
Determine
(i) the source frequency which derives the circuit in resonance;
(ii) the quality factor (Q) of the circuit. (Comptt. All India 2014)

13. An inductor of unknown value, a capacitor of 100 μF and a resistor of

10 Ω are connected in series to a 200 V. 50 Hz a.c. source. It is found
that the power factor of the circuit is unity. Calculate the inductance of
the inductor and the current amplitude.
 PLP Worksheet for class XII
Chapter 8 : Electromagnetic Waves

Important Formula:

● Amplitudes of time varying electric and magnetic fields constituting the

electromagnetic waves are related to each other as E0 = c B0
1 2
● Energy destiny of electric field, UE = 2
ϵ0𝐸
1 2
● Energy destiny of magnetic field, UB = 2µ0
𝐵
2
𝐵0 1 1 2
● Intensity of e.m. wave is given by, I = Uacc = 2μ0
c= 2
ϵ0 2 𝐸 𝑐
0
● Electromagnetic waves carry momentum which is given by the relation,
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈
P= 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
= 𝑐

Questions

1. Discuss the inconsistency in Ampere’s Circuital Law . What modification

was made by Maxwell in this law?
2. What are the important properties of displacemet current
3. What is an EM wave. Express mathematically, the electric field, magnetic
field of an em wave travelling along Z axis.
4. Briefly explain hoe an accelerated charge is a source of em wave.
5. Obtain an expression for energy density of em wave and prove that energy
density in electric field is same as that in magnetic field.
6. Mention 5 properties of em waves.
7. Name different parts of an em spectrum . Give its wavelength and
frequency range. Give important uses of each part.

Numericals: 8.1, 8.7, 8.8, 8.11

Conceptual Questions

1. Name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelength 10-2 m

and mention its one application.
2. Write the following radiations in ascending order in respect of their
frequencies ; X-rays, Microwaves, UV rays and radio waves.
3. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum has largest penetrating
power?
4. Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum whose wavelength lies in
the range of 10-10 m. Give its one use.
5. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in vacuum along z-direction.
What can you say about the direction of electric and magnetic field
vectors?
6. How are radio waves produced?
7. Name the physical quantity which remains same for microwaves of
wavelength 1 mm and UV radiations of 1600 Å in vacuum.
8. A capacitor has been charged by a dc source. What are the magnitudes
of conduction and displacement currents, when it is fully charged?
9. Do electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum?
10. Write the relation for the speed for electromagnetic waves in terms of
the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields.
11. The oscillating magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given
by
By = (8 × 10-6) sin [2 × 10-11 t + 300 π x] T
(i) Calculate the wavelength of the electo-magnetic wave.
(ii) Write down the expression for the oscillating electric field.
12. How does a charge q oscillating at certain frequency produce
electromagnetic waves? Sketch a schematic diagram depicting electric
and magnetic fields for an electromagnetic wave propagating along the
Z-direction.
 Remedial Worksheet for class XII
Chapter 9 : Ray Optics & Optical Instruments

Important Formula:

● Radius of curvature of a mirror is given by R = 2𝑓, where 𝑓 is focal length

of the mirror.
1 1 1
● Mirror formula is given by 𝑢
+ υ
= 𝑓
, where u is distance of object and
υ is the distance of image.
𝐼 υ
● Magnification in case of a mirror is given by m = 𝑂
=− 𝑢
Where O is size of object and 𝐼 is size of image.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑖 𝑎
● Snell’s law of refraction is given by 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑟
= µ𝑏.
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑎
● Relation between real and apparent depth is given by 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
= µ𝑏
1 𝑎
● Critical angle for total internal reflection is given by sin𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶
= µ𝑏

● Lens maker’s formula is given by,

1
𝑓
= (μ − 1) ( 1
𝑅1
−
1
𝑅2 ) with usual

notations.
1 1 1
● Lens equation is given by, 𝑣
- 𝑢
= 𝑓
1
● Power of lens is given by, P = 𝑓
● Refractive index of prism in minimum deviation position is given by,

µ=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝐴+δ𝑚
2
𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
● Deviation for a prism of small angle is given by, δ = A (μ − 1)
𝐵
● According to Cauchy’s formula µ = A + 2 + ….. where A, B, are constants and
λ
1
λ is wavelength of light. ⟹ µ∝ 2 .
λ

● Magnifying power for simple microscope is given by, M = 1 + ( 𝐷

𝑓 ) , where D
is the least distance of distinct vision. For Image at infinity M= D/f
● Magnifying power for compound microscope for Image at D is given by,
M=
υ0
𝑢0 ( 1+
𝐷
𝑓𝑒 ) = -
𝐿
𝑓0 ( 1+
𝐷
𝑓𝑒 ) ,
Where L is the length of the tube, ô represents object lens and ê
represents eye piece. For Image at infinity M= -
𝐿
𝑓0 ( ) 𝐷
𝑓𝑒
,

● Magnifying power of telescope for normal adjustment (Image at infinity) is

𝑓0
given by, M = − 𝑓𝑒
. For image at least distance of distinct vision
M=-
𝑓0
𝑓𝑒 (1 + )
𝑓𝑒
𝐷

Questions

1. For a concave mirror prove that the radius of curvature is twice the focal
length.
2. Derive the mirror formula for a concave mirror.
3. Define refractive index of a pair of media in terms of speed of light, and
absolute refractive index.
4. Deduce a relation for refractive index of a medium in terms of real and
apparent depth for normal viewing.
5. Explain the phenomena of Total internal reflection. State 2 necessary
conditions for it to take place. Derive the relation between the critical
angle and refractive index of the medium.
6. What is totally reflecting prims? Draw ray diagrams to show (i) deviation
of a ray through 90o. (ii) Deviation of a ray through 180o. (iii) Invert an
image without the deviation of the rays.
7. Derive a relation for refraction through a curved surface separating two
transparent media. Using the relation derive an expression for Lens
Makers formula.
8. Define power of a lens. Give its SI unit. What is effective power of two thin
lenses in contact.
9. Draw a ray diagram of a deviation of ray through a prism. Prove for a
prism that A + δ = I + e.
10. Plot a graph showing variation of angle of deviation with angle of
incidence. Hence derive a relation for refractive index of prism in terms of
angle of minimum deviation and angle of prism.
11. Draw ray diagram and deduce the expression for magnification for a
simple microscope for (i) Normal Adjustment (Image at infinity) and (ii)
Image at D.
12. Draw ray diagram and deduce the expression for magnification for a
Compound microscope for (i) Normal Adjustment (Image at infinity) and
(ii) Image at D.
13. Draw ray diagram and deduce the expression for magnification for
astronomical Telscope for (i) Normal Adjustment (Image at infinity) and
(ii) Image at D.

Numericals: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.6, 9.7, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11,

Conceptual Questions

1. A glass lens of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. What

must be the refractive index of the liquid in order to mark the lens
disappear? What would be the focal length of the lens in this medium.
2. How does the power of a convex lens vary, if the incident red light is
replaced by violet light?
3. You are given following three lenses. Which two lenses will you use as
an eyepiece and as an objective to construct an astronomical
telescope?

Lenses Power (P) Aperture

L1 3D 8 cm

L2 6D 1 cm

L3 10D 1 cm

4. Two thin lenses of power + 4D and – 2D are in contact. What is the

focal length of the combination?
5. State the conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to
occur.
6. Calculate the speed of light in a medium whose critical angle is 30°.
7. A converging lens is kept coaxially in contact with a diverging lens —
both the lenses being of equal focal lengths. What is the focal length of
the combination?
8. For the same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in
three media A, B and C are 15°, 25° and 35° respectively. In which
medium would the velocity of light be minimum?
9. A convex lens is placed in contact with a plane mirror. A point object at
a distance of 20 cm on the axis of this combination has its image
coinciding with itself. What is the focal length of the lens?

10. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25

is immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a
converging or a diverging lens? Give reason.
11. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm
and 15 cm. If focal length of the lens is 12 cm, find the refractive index
of the material of the lens.
12. A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (µg =√ 3 ) moves
parallel to the base line of the prism inside it. Find the angle of
incidence for this ray.
13. A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism in such a way that the
angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and each of
these angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism. Determine
(i) the angle of deviation and
(ii) the refractive index of the prism
14. Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB
of an isosceles right angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the
glass prism for the two rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are respectively 1.35 and 1.45.
Trace the path of these rays entering through the prism. (All India 2014)

15. A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face BA is refracted in the

prism BAC made of material of refractive index 1.5. Complete the path
of ray through the prism. From which face will the ray