MATHEMATICS

1. Number Sense and Operations

 Counting and Number Recognition (learning numbers, number lines)

 Basic Arithmetic Operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)

 Place Value and Rounding

 Properties of Operations (associative, commutative, distributive properties)

 Factors, Multiples, and Prime Numbers

 Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages

 Negative Numbers and Absolute Value

2. Basic Algebra

 Expressions, Equations, and Inequalities

 Order of Operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS)

 Simplifying Expressions

 Solving Simple Linear Equations

 Introduction to Variables and Constants

3. Geometry

 Basic Shapes and Properties (squares, triangles, circles, etc.)

 Angles and Types of Angles (acute, obtuse, right)

 Perimeter, Area, and Volume

 Lines and Angles (parallel, perpendicular, intersecting)

 Coordinate Geometry (plotting points on a graph)

4. Basic Statistics and Probability

 Collecting and Organizing Data (charts, tables, graphs)

 Mean, Median, Mode, and Range

 Basic Probability Concepts

 Simple Experiments and Probabilities

5. Introduction to Algebra and Pre-Algebra

  Solving Linear Equations with Variables on Both Sides

 Understanding Ratios and Proportions

 Direct and Inverse Proportions

 Introduction to Functions and Graphs

6. Pre-Calculus

 Exponents and Powers

 Roots and Radicals

 Polynomials and Factoring

 Quadratic Equations

 Basic Trigonometry (introduction to sine, cosine, and tangent)

7. Calculus Basics

 Limits and Continuity (understanding the approach of values)

 Introduction to Derivatives (rates of change)

 Basic Integration (finding areas under curves)

 Applications of Calculus (motion, optimization, etc.)

8. Advanced Algebra and Functions

 Complex Numbers

 Advanced Functions (logarithmic, exponential, etc.)

 Sequences and Series

 Solving Systems of Equations

9. Advanced Geometry and Trigonometry

 Advanced Coordinate Geometry (parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas)

 Advanced Trigonometry (identities, laws of sines and cosines)

 Vectors and Their Applications

10. Further Studies in Mathematics

 Probability and Statistics (hypothesis testing, distributions)

 Differential Equations

 Linear Algebra (matrices, determinants, eigenvalues)

 Advanced Calculus and Analysis

DATA SCIENCE
1. Mathematics for Data Science

 Linear Algebra

o Vectors and matrices

o Matrix operations and properties

o Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

o Singular value decomposition (SVD)

 Calculus

o Derivatives and integrals (basic understanding)

o Partial derivatives and gradients

o Optimization techniques (e.g., gradient descent)

 Probability and Statistics

o Probability theory and rules (independence, Bayes’ theorem)

o Random variables and distributions (normal, binomial, Poisson)

o Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation)

o Inferential statistics (hypothesis testing, p-values, confidence intervals)

o Probability distributions (Gaussian, uniform, exponential, etc.)

o Sampling techniques and central limit theorem

2. Programming Skills

 Python

o Data structures (lists, dictionaries, sets, tuples)

o Control structures (loops, conditionals)

o Functions, classes, and object-oriented programming

o Libraries for data science:

 NumPy (numerical computations)

 Pandas (data manipulation)

 Matplotlib and Seaborn (data visualization)

  Scikit-Learn (machine learning)

 Statsmodels (statistical modeling)

 R (optional, but valuable for statistics-focused roles)

o Basic R programming and packages like dplyr, ggplot2

 SQL

o Basics of SQL queries (SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY, WHERE, etc.)

o Database management and manipulation

o Working with relational databases

3. Data Wrangling and Preprocessing

 Data Cleaning

o Handling missing data, outliers, and inconsistencies

o Data transformation (normalization, standardization)

 Data Transformation

o Encoding categorical variables (one-hot encoding, label encoding)

o Feature engineering and selection

 Data Integration and Aggregation

o Merging datasets, handling duplicates

o Grouping and aggregating data for summary statistics

 Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

o Identifying patterns, correlations, and distributions

o Visualizations (histograms, box plots, scatter plots)

4. Machine Learning

 Supervised Learning

o Regression (linear, polynomial, logistic)

o Classification (decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines)

o Ensemble methods (random forest, gradient boosting, XGBoost)

 Unsupervised Learning
 o Clustering (k-means, hierarchical clustering, DBSCAN)

o Dimensionality reduction (PCA, t-SNE)

 Reinforcement Learning (optional but helpful)

o Basic concepts (agent, environment, reward system)

o Applications in sequential decision-making

 Model Evaluation and Selection

o Cross-validation techniques

o Evaluation metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC-AUC)

o Hyperparameter tuning (grid search, random search)

 Deep Learning (for advanced roles)

o Neural networks (perceptrons, backpropagation, activation functions)

o Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image data

o Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for sequential data

o Frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch

5. Big Data Tools and Technologies

 Big Data Frameworks

o Hadoop (basics, HDFS, MapReduce)

o Apache Spark (distributed data processing)

 Cloud Platforms (AWS, Google Cloud, Azure)

o Storage (S3, BigQuery, Azure Blob Storage)

o Data processing tools (EMR, Dataflow, Azure Databricks)

 Database Management for Large Datasets

o NoSQL databases (MongoDB, Cassandra)

o Data warehousing solutions (Redshift, Snowflake)

6. Data Visualization and Storytelling

 Data Visualization Tools

o Python libraries (Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly)

 o Specialized tools (Tableau, Power BI)

 Dashboarding and Reporting

o Creating interactive visualizations and dashboards

o Communicating insights through reports and storytelling

 Effective Storytelling

o Structuring a narrative around data insights

o Using visuals to support findings and recommendations

7. Domain Knowledge and Business Acumen

 Understanding the industry-specific needs (finance, healthcare, marketing, etc.)

 Ability to translate business problems into data science problems

 Communicating findings and making data-driven recommendations

8. Additional Topics for Advanced Data Science

 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

o Text preprocessing (tokenization, stemming, lemmatization)

o Sentiment analysis, topic modeling, word embeddings (Word2Vec, GloVe)

 Time Series Analysis

o Understanding seasonality, trend, and noise in data

o ARIMA models, exponential smoothing, Prophet

 Model Deployment and MLOps

o Model deployment frameworks (Flask, FastAPI, Docker)

o Monitoring and maintaining models in production

o MLOps tools (MLflow, Kubernetes, Airflow)