BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Machine Design 1

Shaft Design

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 Terms
Motive power
• any source of energy used to produce motion.
Shaft
• a rotating or stationary straight member which is circular in cross-section either
solid or hollow.
• used to transmit power and mounted on it are power transmitting elements
such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, rotor, belts, chains, cam, flywheel, cranks,
and rolling bearings.
Shafting
• a system of connected shafts for transmitting motive power from a driver to a
driven element in machine.

MachDesign1-BRIANJTUAZONME
 Terms

Type of General Classes of Shafts

❖Transmission shaft
• Those shafts used to transmit power
between the source and the machines
absorbing the power. (countershafts, line
shafts, and all factory shafts.)

❖Machine Shaft
• Those forming an integral part of
machine itself. (Ex. Crankshaft)

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 Terms

Line shaft or main shaft

• a main shaft of considerable
length, in a shop or factory,
usually bearing a number of
pulleys by which machines are
driven, commonly by means of
countershafts
Drive shaft
• a shaft which transmit power
from a motor or engine to the
rest of a machine.
Counter shaft or jack shaft
• a shaft intermediate between a
line shaft and a driven machine

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 Terms
Axle
• A non rotating bar which does not transmit any torque
but only used to support rotating machine elements
like gears, pulleys and wheels rotating on it.
• a stationary member of primarily loaded in bending.
• It is only subjected to bending moment only.
Spindle
• a short shafts of a machine tool which provide rotary
motion to a fixture for holding either to a cutting tool or
to a work piece.
Stub shaft
• shaft integral part of prime mover

MachDesign1-BRIANJTUAZONME
Shaft Subjected to Torque

Torsional Stress (Shear of Torsion)

• exists when a shaft is subjected to
torque or twisting and shearing stress is
produced in the shaft

T T
 torsion = = D 4 c=r
Zp J J=
c 32
Where:
3 h
τ - allowable torsional shearing stress, MPa J=
bh c=
T - torsional or twisting moment, N-m 6 2
Zp - polar section modulus, m 3

c - Distance of the farthest or outermost fiber from neutral axis

J - Polar moment of inertia, m4
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Shaft Subjected to Bending

Maximum Bending or Flexural Stress

D 4 c=r
M I=
 f max =
( )
64
I
c bh 3 h
I= c=
12 2
Where:
M – bending or flexural moment, N-m or lb-in
σf - flexural or bending stress, MPa or psi
c - distance from neutral axis to the outermost fiber, mm. or in.
I – rectangular moment of inertia mm4 or in4
Zr - rectangular section modulus I
Zr =
c
Torsional Deflection
Angle of Twist
The angle through which a part of an object such as
a shaft is rotated from its normal position when a
torque is applied.

TL
=
JG

Where:
Θ - angular deformation or torsional deflection, rad
T - torque, N-m or lb-in
L - length, mm or in
J - polar moment of inertia, mm4 or in4
G - modulus of rigidity, GPa or psi
 P = 2πTN
Power Transmitted

Imperical Formulas: D3 N
1. For main power transmitting shafts P= 3
80 in ൗhp − min
D3 N
P=
2. For line shaft carrying pulleys 3
53.5 in ൗhp − min

D3 N
3. For small short shafts and counter shafts P= 3
38 in ൗhp − min
Where:
P - power, Hp
D – diameter, in
N - rotative speed, rpm

MachDesign1-BRIANJTUAZONME
 Problems
1. What would be the diameter of line shaft to transmit 10 horsepower if the shaft makes
150 rpm?
 53.5 in 3   53.5 in 3 
Given: 3 P
− 10 hp
hp − min 
; D3 =  
D N hp min 
P = 10 hp P= 3 ;D = 3 = _____ in.
53.5 in N 150
N = 150 rpm hp − min
min
D=?

2. What horsepower would a short shaft, 2 inches in diameter, carrying two pulleys close
to the bearings transmit, if the shaft makes 300 rpm?
Given:
D N 3 (2in )3  300 
D = 2 inches P= =  min 
3
38 in
3
N = 300 rpm hp − min 38 in
hp − min
P=?

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 c=
D D 4
J=
2
Problems 32

3. A 30 mm solid round shaft receives 30 hp from a motor which rotates at 1500 rpm.
Find the design factor of the shaft if it is made of C1030 as rolled. C1030 as rolled: Sy
= 51 ksi
Find τ: D Find F. S.:
Given: T 
D = 30 mm Tc  2  = 16T 0 .5 S y
P = 30 hp
= = F .S . =
J   D 4
 D 3

N = 1500 rpm  32  
Sy = 51,000 psi    lb 
0.5 51000 
16(_____ lb − in ) lb  in 2 
= 3 = _______ F .S . =
Find T:
  1in   in 2  lb 
  30mm     _____ 2 
  25 . 4 mm   in 
P = 2TN 33000𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡 F .S . = _________
min 12𝑖𝑛
P 30ℎ𝑝 ×
T= 1ℎ𝑝 1𝑓𝑡
= = _______ lb − in
2N 2𝜋
1500
min

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 WP = QH

Problems BP = 2TN

4. A centrifugal pump is connected to a motor by means of a coupling. The pump

capacity is 4000 L/min of water against a head of 8 m. If the efficiency of the pump
is 70% at the speed of 550 rpm, determine the torsional stress developed on the 50
mm motor shaft. Find T: Find τ:
Given: WP QH
p = Q H = 3
16T
Q = 4000L = T =
H = 8m BP 2TN  p (2N ) D
np = 70%  16(_____ kN − m )
L 1m 3  kN 
N = 550 rpm  4000   9.807 3 8m  =

min 1000 L  m   ( )3
D = 50 mm
T=  0 . 05 m

(0.70) 2  550   = ________ kPa

 min 
T = __________ kN − m

EP BP WP

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 D 4
J=
Problems 32

5. Compute the torsional deflection in degrees for 3 7/8 in. diameter x 48 in. long
shafting which is subjected to 28000 lb-in twisting moment. Use torsional modulus of
elasticity of 12,000,000 psi.

Given: Find ϴ:
d = 3 7/8 in TL = TL 32TL 32(28000lb − in )(48in )
L = 48 in = = =
   
4
   lb 
4 4
JG D D G 7
T = 28000 lb-in  G   3 in  12  10 6 2 
G = 12,000,000 psi  32   8   in 

 = _____   180  = ____ degree

 π 

MachDesign1-BRIANJTUAZONME
 Problems
6. Compute for the diameter of a steel shaft to transmit 15 hp at 120 rpm with a
torsional deflection not to exceed 0.80 degree in 4 ft shaft length. (Gsteel is 11.5 x
106 psi)

Given: Find T:  33000lb − ft 

P = 15 hp 15hp   
N = 120 rpm P = 2TN  T = P
=  min  = _____ lb − ft
θ = 0.80 degree 2N  120 
2  
L = 4 ft  min 
G = 11.5 x 106 psi
1
Find D:   (12in )2   4
1  32(____ lb − ft )(4 ft )  2 

TL 32TL 32TL  32TL  4   (1 ft )  
= = D =
4
 D =   = 
JG D 4G G  G  
  0.80     lb 
 11.5  10 2  
6

 180   in  
 

D = _______ in
MachDesign1-BRIANJTUAZONME
Practice Problem

7. A stepped steel shaft consists of hollow shaft 2 m long with an outside

diameter of 100 mm and an inside diameter of 70 mm, rigidly attached to a
solid shaft 1.5 m long and 85 mm in diameter. What maximum torque can
be applied in the shaft without exceeding a stress of 70 MPa in shear shaft
or twist of 2.5 degrees in the 3.5 m length? Use G = 83 GPa.

DS dH DH

LS
LH
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