Inbound 6476350129979441709
Inbound 6476350129979441709
Standard Edition
User Guide
Introduction
Introduction
Using the Windows User Interface
Using the Character User Interface
Menu and Program Name Listing
Glossary
78-0708B
QAD 2008/2009 Standard Edition
June 2010
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Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
How the Software Is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
About the Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Financials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Customer Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Master Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Supply Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
PRO/PLUS Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Using the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Program Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Types of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Interface Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
User Interface Manager Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
QAD Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
User Guide Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
vi User Guide — Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
This book introduces QAD Enterprise Applications 2008 Standard
Edition (QAD 2008 - Standard) application. If you are new to the
product or the manufacturing environment, you should spend some time
reading this section.
How the Software Is Organized 2
Documentation 33
2 User Guide — Introduction
Distribution
Modules in the Distribution section
support two types of activity.
One kind of activity moves
materials into inventory from
external sources such as suppliers
or other company sites.
Introduction 3
SALES
SALES
RELEASE
RELEASE PURCHASE
PURCHASE
ORDERS/
ORDERS/ PURCHASING
PURCHASING
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT REQUISITIONS
REQUISITIONS
INVOICES
INVOICES
Purchase Requisitions
Purchasing
Sales Quotations
Sales Orders/Invoices
Release Management
Configured Products
Sales Analysis
Use Sales Analysis to track salesperson quotas and generate sales reports.
Reports can be generated for year-to-date sales, margins, costs, and
quotas. You can integrate Sales Analysis with Sales Orders/Invoices.
Consigned Inventory
Two optional modules let you manage consigned inventory that you send
to your customers or that your suppliers send to you.
• The Customer Consignment Inventory module lets you plan, order,
ship, track, and report customer-consigned inventory using an
automated system that reconciles inventories between suppliers and
customers. Invoicing and AR transactions are deferred until the
inventory is used by the customer.
• The Supplier Consignment Inventory module lets you plan, order,
receive, stock, track, and report supplier-consigned inventory.
Accounts payable (AP) transactions are deferred until you use the
inventory.
6 User Guide — Introduction
Manufacturing
Manufacturing modules handle
internal supply and demand.
Material is moved out of inventory
into production, or finished goods
or components are moved from
production into inventory. These
modules are used for make-to-
stock, assemble-to-order, process,
job shop, flow, and repetitive
operations, and support such operations as:
• Recording static information on manufacturing processes and the
materials used to make products
• Determining requirements and availability for materials and resources
used in production
• Tracking items that are produced
• Assigning demand orders to flow production line schedules in a lean
manufacturing environment
• Tracking the movement of kanban-controlled items in and out of
production in a lean manufacturing environment
Fig. 1.2
Manufacturing
Relationships PRODUCT
PRODUCT
SHOP FLOOR
SHOP FLOOR
FORECAST/
FORECAST/
STRUCTURES CONTROL MASTER PLAN
STRUCTURES CONTROL MASTER PLAN
MATERIAL
ROUTINGS/ WORK QUALITY MATERIAL
ROUTINGS/ WORK QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
WORK CENTERS ORDERS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS
WORK CENTERS ORDERS MANAGEMENT PLANNING
PLANNING
CAPACITY
FORMULA/ CAPACITY
FORMULA/ REPETITIVE REQUIREMENTS
PROCESS REPETITIVE REQUIREMENTS
PROCESS PLANNING
PLANNING
Introduction 7
Product Structures
Routings/Work Centers
Formula/Process
Work Orders
Use Work Orders to maintain work orders and print picklists and routings.
This includes planning work orders, recording picklist issues, completing
operations, and receiving the finished product into stock.
A work order includes a bill and a routing. A work order bill represents
demand for component items. A work order routing represents demand
for labor or machine capacity. Work orders can be entered directly, or
entered as planned orders from Material Requirements Planning (MRP).
8 User Guide — Introduction
Use Shop Floor Control to record labor times and the status of operations.
This module uses routings from Work Orders to calculate standard-
versus-actual variances, as well as efficiency and utilization. Shop Floor
Control uses detailed routings from Work Orders to gather data on the
progress of work orders in the shop.
Flow Scheduling
Kanban
Repetitive
Quality Management
This module is split into two business activities: forecasting and master
scheduling.
Use forecasting functions to calculate and maintain individual item or
product group forecasts used by master scheduling and MRP.
Use master schedule planning functions to help you define master
production schedules for end items, critical subassemblies, and service
parts. This module uses inputs from forecasting, sales orders, work
orders, and purchasing to calculate gross requirements and available-to-
10 User Guide — Introduction
promise quantities. You can also enter seasonal build schedules from
seasonal forecasts and create multilevel master schedules for items whose
demand is dependent on demand for other items.
Financials
These modules support financial
activities and system administration.
General Ledger, Accounts
Receivable, and Accounts Payable
track the financial effects of activities
in other modules. You can set up
multiple currencies and exchange
rates, develop simulated costs and
copy them to multiple cost sets, and track cash disbursements.
You can also use Financials to track your fixed assets from acquisition to
retirement.
Introduction 11
Fig. 1.3
Financials
MULTIPLE
Relationships
MULTIPLE
CURRENCY
CURRENCY
FIXED
FIXED ACCOUNTS
ACCOUNTS CASH
CASH ACCOUNTS
ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
ASSETS RECEIVABLE
RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT PAYABLE
PAYABLE
COST
COST GENERAL
GENERAL
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT LEDGER
LEDGER
General Ledger
Use General Ledger (GL) to set up a chart of accounts, enter budgets, and
manage GL journal transactions; to set up and review GL daybooks; to
review, modify, and post transaction entries from subsidiary ledgers such
as accounts payable; to set up intercompany accounts; and to produce
financial reports. GL transactions can be reported for any time period and
for any financial entity. GL reports can be produced at any level of detail
or consolidation.
Multiple Currency
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Payable
Cost Management
Cash Management
Use Cash Management to review and control your cash position. You can
maintain bank statements in the online Cash Book. When the bank sends
a statement, payments and other amounts are recorded in the Cash Book.
The information on the statement then updates system records in the same
way as other payments.
Fixed Assets
Use Fixed Assets to set up, maintain, transfer, and retire your company’s
fixed assets. The fixed-asset depreciation system is integrated with the
General Ledger module. Often, depreciation is calculated one way for
internal reporting and another way for tax purposes. Using Fixed Assets,
you can set up asset records specifying how depreciation will be
calculated for each kind of reporting.
Depreciation is calculated using either equations or tables. Conventions
can be used in conjunction with equations for depreciation calculations in
the first, last, and disposal years of an asset’s life.
Customer Services
Customer Services currently consists
of two modules:
• Project Realization Management
(PRM)
• Service/Support Management
(SSM)
Both modules support activity that occurs after a product is sold. SSM
supports traditional service activities such as warranties, contracts,
returns, and call tracking. PRM provides tools for managing long-term
installation activities at a customer site that combine both items and
services.
14 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 1.4
Customer Services SSM PRM
Relationships
RETURNS SERVICE PROJECT
RETURNS SERVICE PROJECT INVOICING
AND REPAIRS CONTRACTS DEFINITION INVOICING
AND REPAIRS CONTRACTS DEFINITION
PRM provides a set of tools that enable you to define, track, and invoice
projects that are delivered to or implemented at customer sites.
Project Definition
Use PRM features to set up projects with item, labor, and expense
components and tailor them to specific customer, engineering, and billing
requirements. Then, translate the project design into sets of related
activities and reference these on project activity orders (PAOs) that define
how the project is executed.
Project Inventory
¶ For more on Use material orders (MOs) and project purchase orders to obtain required
MOs, see items from internal and external suppliers and ship them to designated
“Service
Inventory” on project locations. These locations let you track and reserve project items
page 16. separately from other items in the system.
Invoicing
Flexible invoicing features let you invoice projects after they are
complete or over time in a series of predefined increments. You can also
request and process prepayments from project customers as needed.
Introduction 15
PRM lets you track projects in multiple ways throughout their life cycle.
As project activity is completed, record the actual quantities and costs of
the item, labor, and expense components consumed and update Work in
Process (WIP) with the issue costs. Detailed inquiries and reports let you
plan and evaluate project activity throughout the project life cycle.
You can generate budgets for tracking actual project costs and comparing
them to planned costs. In addition, automatically generated general ledger
(GL) project codes let you trace project activity in the GL.
Installed Base
Service Contracts
Call Management
Service Engineers
Service Inventory
Master Data
Use the modules in Master Data to
set up basic business information—
item codes, address codes, site
codes, and inventory control
information. Also use Master Data to
perform administrative functions
pertaining to users, security, printers, and other administrative functions
that apply throughout the QAD 2008 - Standard application.
Master Data also includes some special optional modules that affect base
data, such as Product Change Control, Compliance, Intrastat, and
Logistics Accounting.
Fig. 1.5
Master Data
ITEMS/
PRODUCT
PRODUCT Relationships
COMPLIANCE ITEMS/ CHANGE
COMPLIANCE SITES CHANGE
SITES CONTROL
CONTROL
MANAGER
MANAGER
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
Items/Sites
Use Items/Sites to add and maintain product lines, items, sites, units of
measure, and price lists. Other modules in the Items/Sites menu include
Product Change Control (PCC) and Compliance. The Compliance and
PCC modules are available separately.
Every item must be associated with a product line, which is used to:
• Group items or products on reports.
• Associate GL accounts with items or products.
• Plan production, shipments, orders, inventory, and backlog levels.
18 User Guide — Introduction
Items and products must be entered in this module before they can be
used in other system modules. Supplier and customer item numbers can
be entered as well. There is no practical limit to the number of items or
products that can be maintained.
Compliance
Addresses/Taxes
This module contains two business activities: Addresses and Taxes. Other
modules in the Addresses/Taxes menu include Intrastat and Logistics
Accounting. These modules are available separately.
Use Addresses to add and maintain customer, employee, salesperson,
supplier, carrier, and company information, including addresses, ship-to
and remit-to codes, and master comments. Also define address-related
data such as country codes, shipping groups, banks, freight charges, credit
terms, and trailer codes.
Use Taxes to set up and maintain the Global Tax Management (GTM)
system. GTM provides support for many different kinds of regional tax
systems. It features precise tax calculations, complex tax environments,
taxes for multiple countries in the same database, as well as other features
important to international companies.
Introduction 19
Intrastat
Use the Intrastat module if you do business with European Union member
countries and need written documentation of inventory movements to
meet legislative requirements.
Logistics Accounting
Inventory Control
Physical Inventory
Manager Functions
External Interfaces
ENTERPRISE
ENTERPRISE
RESOURCE
RESOURCE OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS EDI
EDIECOMMERCE
ECOMMERCE
PLAN
PLAN PLANNING
PLANNING
Distribution Plan
Resource Plan
EDI eCommerce
PRO/PLUS Modules
An additional set of modules is available as a separate package called
PRO/PLUS.
The WIP Lot Trace (WLT) module can be used with manufacturing
environments supported by the Repetitive, Advanced Repetitive, or Work
Orders modules. It adds WIP lot and serial tracing and reporting
functions. Tracing records are created at the operation level whenever
registered resources are consumed or produced.
The Container and Line Charges (CLC) module provides suppliers a way
to track and invoice customers for:
• Shipping containers, such as pallets, crates, or bins
• Extra line charges, such as shipping, painting, and detailing
Self-Billing
Supplier Performance
Shipment Performance
Fig. 1.7
Contrast Between
User Interfaces
Program Types
While each interface has unique display characteristics, they all support
the following types of programs:
• Maintenance programs
• Inquiry and report programs
• Browse programs
• Transaction programs
• Utility programs
Maintenance Programs
Inquiries and reports retrieve and display database records. Inquiries are
primarily used to answer specific questions. Reports usually provide more
detail and are printed for a range of data records. You select data by
entering a specific range of criteria, such as item number or date.
Typically, inquiries are viewed online and reports are sent to a printer or
file. However, you can also print inquiries and view reports. In addition,
other output options, such as e-mail, are available.
Browse Programs
Browses are inquiry programs with advanced features such as filtering, ¶ See User Guide:
sorting, and printing information. They can be used as drill-down browses Manager
Functions for
within programs. Based on whether you choose to display substitute information on
programs on the menus, browses can also replace many of the simple how a system
administrator can
inquiries throughout the menus. How you access them depends on your design custom
user interface. browses and
attach browses to
fields.
Look-up browses are one form of online help. When attached to
individual fields, these simplified browses display the records in the
associated master tables. You can then select a value and have the system
insert it into the field.
Most interfaces provide tools that let you display browse data in graphical Tip
form such as pie charts and bar charts. Browse graphing is
not available in the
character interface.
Transaction Programs
Utility Programs
Types of Data
An application database contains three types of data:
• Control data
• Transaction data
• Static data
Control Data
When you implement a module, you enter data that the system uses later
to control how the system interacts with users and with the database. This
data is stored in control tables.
Control tables enable you to adapt the QAD 2008 - Standard application
to your environment. The data and settings in these tables determine how
certain programs are displayed, the numbers assigned to transactions, the
GL accounts for particular transactions, and so on. When you can manage
a typical manufacturing function in more than one way, control settings
enables you to establish a preference.
Transaction Data
Most data in the database is transaction data. Every day, sales orders come
in, purchase orders go out, and work orders make demands on and create
material for inventory. These events result in transactions, which are
stored in transaction tables. In contrast to control programs, transaction
tables are constantly updated by users of the system.
Introduction 29
Static Data
Static data contains information about the basic building blocks and
relationships of a company—the ways it does business, and the entities it
does business with. Static data is used to create transaction records.
However, static data is changed infrequently. Examples of static data are
records for customer, supplier, and employee addresses, items, inventory
sites and locations, and GL accounts.
Interface Elements
While the three user interface modes vary in appearance and navigation
techniques, they all have some elements in common. The primary
interface displays in the form of a hierarchical menu. You then select a
menu item, which displays a set of fields, grouped in frames.
Menus
Figure 1.8 contrasts the appearance of the Main Menu in the different
interfaces.
30 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 1.8
UI-Specific QAD .NET User Interface QAD Desktop Interface
Main Menus
Tear-Off Style
Icon Style
Character Style
Fields
Codes
Frames
When you look at a program screen, you see a group of fields. Fields are
highlighted in color (lighter or darker), in reverse video, or underlined,
depending on the kind of interface you are using. This group of related
fields is called a frame.
When a program requires more than one frame, you must complete the
first frame to get to the second, and so on.
Most maintenance programs in Desktop display as HTML pages using the
same sequence of frames that display in character and Windows. A few
maintenance programs display the traditional character interface in a
terminal-emulation window.
Figure 1.9 shows an example of Customer Maintenance (2.1.1) as it
appears in the Windows interface.
Fig. 1.9
Sample Windows Fields display in seven sequential frames.
Maintenance
Program
Introduction 33
Documentation
The latest version of the documentation is available on the QAD Online
Support Center at http://support.qad.com/.
Most user documentation is available in two formats:
• Portable document format (PDF). PDF files can be downloaded from
the QAD Web site to your computer. You can view them with the free
Adobe Acrobat Reader.
• HTML. You can view user documentation through your Web browser.
The documents include search tools for easily locating topics of
interest.
34 User Guide — Introduction
Related Documentation
User Guide: QAD .NET User Interface. This guide describes how to
access programs with the latest Microsoft .NET-based user interface.
It discusses using QAD .NET UI features such as browses and
menus; using application functions in the QAD .NET UI; using
administrative tools to simplify screens; and configuring optional
settings. It also describes the Process Editor and how to create
clickable work-flow maps.
User Guide: QAD Desktop. This guide describes how to access
programs over a company intranet or wide-area network using a Web
browser. It includes details on using the QAD Desktop interface,
36 User Guide — Introduction
creating URL links, and using browses and reports. It also describes
the Process Editor and how to create clickable work-flow maps, and
customize the interface.
External Interface Guides. These guides describe the interfaces
between the QAD 2008 - Standard application and external
applications. For example, they cover the application program
interface (API) between the QAD 2008 - Standard application and the
Sales and Use Tax Interface (SUTI). Another guide describes Q/
LinQ, which is a set of tools and supporting functions for complex
data exchange between the QAD 2008 - Standard application and
external systems.
Database Definitions. This book is intended for system administrators
and programmers doing software conversions and custom
programming. Cross-references for identifying new, changed, and
deleted tables, fields, and indexes are included after the main section.
Database tables are listed alphabetically.
Entity Diagrams. This guide details the major relationships between
tables in the QAD 2008 - Standard application database. Diagrams
are included that may be helpful to:
• Programmers interested in custom development. Diagrams show
relationships that must be preserved in any customization or
modification.
• Programmers writing queries or custom reports. Diagrams show
which tables can be joined and the field specifications required to
join them. All possible table relationships are not shown.
• Administrators interested in the availability of custom reports.
Diagrams show which reports you can prepare.
• Users of Progress Results who want to determine the
relationships available for reporting.
Installation Guides. These guides provide detailed instructions for
installing the QAD 2008 - Standard application on your client and
server systems. Individual guides are available for Progress and
Oracle databases.
Conversion Guide. This guide provides detailed instructions for
upgrading earlier application versions. It covers both Progress and
Oracle databases.
Chapter 2
Output Devices 71
Introduction
The Windows user interface is a graphical user interface (GUI) system
that offers user-selectable menu styles. Programs include various tool
icons and pull-down menus that can be used with a mouse to execute most
user commands or options. Keyboard accelerator commands are also
available for all functions.
Note You must be a valid user defined in User Maintnance to log in.
Your password can be blank only if the password in your user record is
blank.
Fig. 2.1
Sign-On Screen
Using the Windows User Interface 39
Fig. 2.2
User Maintenance
(36.3.18)
Tip This is the default style. The Main Menu, as illustrated in Figure 2.3, has
The Custom button seven large buttons, each with a graphic image of the functional area it
has no programs; it
is for programs you represents:
write.
• Distribution • Master Data
• Manufacturing • Custom
• Financials • Supply Chain
• Customer Services
Click a button to display its associated menu items. As you select menus
from this screen and options from those menus, the left side of the menu
screen displays the hierarchical path to your current location. To select a
menu option from the right side, either click on the item or enter its
program name or number in the Menu Selection field.
• To run a program from the submenu currently displaying, enter just
its number on that menu; for example, if the Item Data Menu (1.4) is
displaying, enter 1 to run Item Master Maintenance (1.4.1).
• If the program you want to run is on a different submenu, enter its full
menu number preceded by a period; for example, if the Purchasing
Menu (5) is displaying, enter .1.4.1 to run Item Master Maintenance.
To move up to a higher level of the path, click on its associated hierarchy
button.
Fig. 2.3
Icon Style Clicking the Master Data button displays these options.
Main Menu
Double-click an option to
run the program or display
the submenu, or type the
option number here and
press Enter.
Using the Windows User Interface 41
Fig. 2.4
Keep selecting submenus to reach the program you want. Icon Style
Submenu
To go back to a higher-
level submenu or the
Main Menu, click one
of these buttons.
The tear-off Main Menu displays buttons for each functional area.
Click an option to display its associated menus. Once in a submenu, you
can also type the option number in the menu selection box and press
Enter.
Each tear-off menu remains on the screen as you select submenus. This
means that you can choose any option from any menu on the screen.
Use the mouse to drag menus anywhere within the window. Choose Save ¶ See page 53.
Settings on Exit from the Options menu to keep the same tear-off
selections and positioning next time you sign on. This gives you
immediate access to the programs you use most often.
42 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 2.5
Tear-Off Menu
¶ See “Menu The Windows user interface retains a version of the traditional character-
System” on based menu system.
page 79.
Note Although the menu system simulates character mode, the program
screens are not character based.
Using the Windows User Interface 43
From the character-based main menu, press Exit to return to the sign-on
screen.
44 User Guide — Introduction
Screen Elements
The Windows user interface screen is divided into discrete sections, as
illustrated in Figure 2.7.
Fig. 2.7
Windows Screen Title bar
Menu bar
Toolbar
Data frame
Program
Window
Message bar
Progress
status bar
The following pages explain each screen element of the interface for
Windows programs:
• Title Bar
• Menu Bar
• Toolbar
• Browses and Graphs
• Message Bar
• Progress Status Bar
Using the Windows User Interface 45
Title Bar
The title bar describes the program you are running. You can also exit the
program and minimize or maximize the screen from the title bar.
Fig. 2.8
Windows Title Bar
Menu Bar
You can perform various tasks by clicking the items on the menu bar. The
drop-down menus associated with each one are described in detail in this
section. Click on the drop-down menu, and choose an option by clicking
it or pressing the underlined letter. Many selections have accelerator keys
assigned; for example, you can press F1 to display field help instead of
using the drop-down menu. These are shown on the menu.
Fig. 2.9
Menu Bar
in Windows
User Menu
The exact items that display depend on whether you have user-specific
items defined in User Function Maintenance.
• If you have user-specific items defined, they display on the menu.
• If no items are associated with your user ID, the menu includes only
items assigned to a blank user ID; these items apply to all users.
¶ See User Guide: These items are defined in User Tool Maintenance (36.20.4). You can use
Manager them to jump to other programs without first exiting the current program
Functions for
more to access a menu. Programs assigned in User Tool Maintenance display
information. below User Menu items—if any are set up—on the User Menu pull-
down. They also display as buttons on the toolbar of programs with which
they are associated.
Unlike user menu items, you can associate user toolbar items with
specific programs or groups of programs—so you can vary them based on
which program you are using.
Note User toolbar items do not apply to browses. The buttons do not
display in browses and the menu section of the User Menu is blank.
Fig. 2.10
Sample User Menu
Layouts
Defined in
User Function
Maintenance
Defined in
User Tool
Maintenance Used only for
reports
Available only
Available on all
from menus
User Menus
Using the Windows User Interface 47
Run Progress programs with this option. You can run any menu-level
program without having to exit the current program.
1 Select the drop-down User Menu, and choose Run Program.
2 In the pop-up window, enter one of the following:
• The Progress program name, such as ppptmt. You do not have to
enter the file extension of .p.
• A menu number. To run a program from the same submenu as the
current program, enter just its number on that menu; for
example, 1. If it is on a different submenu, you must enter its full
menu number preceded by a period; for example, enter .1.4.1 to
run Item Master Maintenance.
Fig. 2.11
Running a
Program from
the User Menu
3 Optionally specify whether the system should run a substitute ¶ See “Menu
program. Click on Use Menu Substitution to toggle the selection box. Substitutions” on
page 51.
If no substitute program has been set up for the specified program in
Menu Substitution Maintenance, the system disregards this field. If a
substitute program is found, its name displays next to the Substitute
Program label.
4 Choose OK, or press Enter.
When you exit the second program, the system returns you to the program
that was running when you accessed the User Menu.
48 User Guide — Introduction
Exit
You can exit the current program from the User Menu. From a menu
screen, this option exits the QAD 2008 - Standard application. You can
also exit a program by either of the following methods:
• Press Alt+X.
• Click on the close button, which is in the upper right corner of every
program window.
Progress Editor
You can access the Progress editor from the User Menu while on menu
screens by choosing Progress Editor.
The User Menu includes a Print command for most reports and browses.
Processing and output vary based on the type of program.
• In a browse, the system displays the Printer Options dialog box. After
you select an output device, the Browse Print Configuration window
lets you specify the fields to output. When you select fields, the
system displays the number of characters in each line of the output.
Fig. 2.12
Browse Print
Configuration
Window
¶ See User Guide: • In a report, the system immediately sends the program output to the
Manager default output device for the program, if one is defined in Printer
Functions for
information on Default Maintenance (36.13.4). Otherwise, the output device defaults
setting output to Printer. The content is based on the report selection criteria
defaults.
specified when you select Print.
Using the Windows User Interface 49
Edit Menu
This drop-down menu offers standard Windows editing tasks: cut, copy,
and paste text. You can also use the Edit Image command to launch a
graphic editing program to view or modify image files.
Fig. 2.13
Edit Drop-Down
Menu
Cutting text deletes it from its current location and copies it to the Tip
Windows clipboard. Copying is similar, but it leaves the original text in Menu items are
context sensitive.
place. In both cases, you can paste the text to another location, such as a For example, the
field. Use the following procedure: Paste command is
disabled when the
clipboard is empty.
1 Select the text to cut or copy.
2 Pull down the Edit Menu and choose Cut or Copy.
3 Position the cursor in the new location.
4 Pull down the Edit Menu, and choose Paste.
Important You cannot use the Cut, Copy, or Paste menu commands to
paste text into Master Comment Maintenance (1.12) or any of the
transaction comment screens. Instead, use the Cut (Ctrl+X), Copy
(Ctrl+C), and Paste (Ctrl+V) keyboard shortcuts for data up to 76
characters in length. You can also use the Copy and Paste icons in the
toolbar.
With the Edit Image option on the Edit menu, you can view or edit images Tip
that have been associated with information in your database. For example, The image files
must be in .bmp
if you have an item number 1000, you can associate a picture of the item format. This
with the item number by naming the image file 1000.bmp. Then, with the function cannot
find other image
formats.
50 User Guide — Introduction
cursor in the Item Number field and 1000 appearing in the field, click on
Edit Image to launch Microsoft Paint (or some other imaging
application). Use this program to view or edit the image.
Note You cannot use this function to do the actual association. Instead,
you must first create the images, name them appropriately, and store them
in the working directory.
This feature requires each code associated with an image file to meet the
DOS naming conventions. DOS allows a maximum of eight characters
preceding a period and a maximum of three characters after.
• The characters before the period are referred to as the file name in the
DOS environment.
• The period is the divider.
• The characters after the period are the extension.
1000.bmp
Using the Windows User Interface 51
Options Menu
The content of the Options menu varies based on whether you access it
from a menu, a program, or a browse. To turn an option on or off, pull
down the menu and choose the option (or type its first letter). A check
mark next to an option shows that it is on. If an option is grayed out, it is
unavailable.
Fig. 2.15
Program Menu Options Menus
Browse
Menu Substitutions
Use this option to toggle between displaying browses and inquiries on the ¶ See User Guide:
menu. You can also use it to switch between customized and non- Manager
Functions for
customized versions of a program. The system administrator can use information on
Menu Substitution Maintenance (36.20.6) to specify which programs are Menu
Substitution
substituted for others when you select this option. Maintenance.
52 User Guide — Introduction
Tool Bar
¶ See “Toolbar” on This option turns the toolbar display on or off. The toolbar appears below
page 56. the menu bar and contains buttons to run programs.
Show Drop Downs refers to icons for look-up browses, calculators, and
calendars, which appear next to fields.
• Look-up browses are attached to specified data fields.
• Calculators are attached to numeric fields.
• Calendars are attached to date fields.
Click drop-down
icon to display
calendar.
When menu security has been set, use the Hide Menu Items option to
prevent menu items you cannot execute from displaying.
Using the Windows User Interface 53
This option stores your final menu location when you exit the current
session. Next time you sign on, you return to that menu, skipping the
Main menu and all intermediate menus (unless you change your menu
style).
This option also stores your settings for the following:
• Menu Substitution
• Tool Bar
• Show Drop Downs
• Hide Menu Items
Use this option to set up filter criteria for browses. ¶ See “Filtering
and Sorting
Browses” on
Toggle Filter (Browses Only) page 66.
Use the toggle filter setting to turn on and off the filter criteria set up in
the browse filter options. The filter can also be turned on and off by
selecting the Filter On/Off button in the toolbar.
Choose Browse Graphing to graph the contents of a browse. This option ¶ See “Browse
is also available by clicking the Graph button on the toolbar in the browse Graphing” on
page 67.
window.
Help Menu
This menu lets you access help on the user interface, fields, and programs.
It also lets you view browses on selected fields.
54 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 2.17
Help Menu
Contents
Select this option to display the contents of the Windows help files
containing help records for all procedures and fields. The Contents screen
lets you display an index and access search tools.
• When you click the Index button, the system displays an alphabetical
listing of program labels, program names, field labels, and field
names.You can enter a value to move to a specific point on the list.
Double-click a list item to display the associated help record.
• From the index, click on the Find tab to search the Windows help files
for specific words or combinations of words. Select Options to set up
search parameters.
Note If nothing displays, review the values associated with your logon
ID in User Maintenance (36.3.18). Be sure that WinHelp is enabled.
Otherwise, you cannot use Windows help or its table of contents.
Interface Help
Field Help
Tip The fastest way to get help for the current field is to press F1, but you can
You can also access also use the Help menu. With the cursor in the field, drop down the Help
field and procedure
help from the menu and choose Field Help.
toolbar. See
page 56.
Using the Windows User Interface 55
Procedure Help
The fastest way to get help for the current procedure is to press Shift+F1,
but you can also use the Help menu. With the cursor in any field, drop
down the Help menu and choose Procedure Help.
Drill Down
Some browses let you sort the data by more than one field. Choices
display in a drop-down box. Choose one, and the system re-sorts the
display. Select and double-click on a record to enter it in the current field.
56 User Guide — Introduction
About...
This option gives you technical information about the system. You can
display the same information by pressing Ctrl+F1.
Fig. 2.19
Help About...
Screen
Version
Version of
Menu Program Progress
Name of program
Program
currently executing
Stack
Program Stack
Use the program stack arrows to display the names of the programs used
to call the current program. Click on the right arrow to move up the stack,
or toward the main menu. The left arrow moves down the stack. When
you reach either the top or the bottom of the stack, the appropriate arrow
is disabled.
Toolbar
The toolbar contains buttons to launch programs and tools. If you do not
see the toolbar on your screen, choose Tool Bar from the Options drop-
down menu.
Table 2.1
Toolbars in Description Programs Browse
Windows User
Interface Copy Same
Paste Same
Using the Windows User Interface 57
Drill-Down Same
Calculator N/A
Calendar N/A
Print N/A
On/Off N/A
Graph N/A
First N/A
Previous N/A
Next N/A
Last N/A
Clear N/A
Update N/A
Cancel N/A
58 User Guide — Introduction
Not all buttons appear on all screens. Each program controls which ones
to display. For example, the print icon is not relevant to some programs
and does not appear in them.
Customizable Buttons
¶ User Tool There can be up to four custom buttons on the left side of the toolbar in
Maintenance is programs other than browses. Set up these buttons with User Tool
described in User
Guide: Manager Maintenance (36.20.4).
Functions.
Note Toolbar buttons do not apply to browses.
Launch a program by clicking its button. When you exit the program, the
system displays the program you were in when you clicked the button.
Copy/Paste
Use these buttons to copy data between fields, in the same program or
different programs.
Important All transaction comment screens, including Master Comment
Maintenance (1.12), accept a maximum of 76 characters per line. If you
try to paste more than this, your comment will display only the first 76
characters.
Fig. 2.20
Copying Between
Fields
Copy Paste
1 Click Copy.
2 Click the field to copy.
3 Click Paste.
4 Click the destination field.
Using the Windows User Interface 59
Field Help
Field help describes a specific field and how it is used in the program.
Most updateable fields have field help. Display-only fields do not.
You can display help for any field on the screen by pressing F1 or by
clicking on the Field Help button.
1 Click Field Help on the toolbar.
2 The cursor changes to an arrow.
3 Click on a field.
4 The field help screen displays.
60 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 2.21
Displaying
Field Help
Procedure Help
Procedure help describes the program and how it is used in the module.
Procedure help is not generally provided for reports, inquiries, browses,
or control programs.
You can display procedure help from anywhere within the program using
the keyboard or the toolbar.
1 Press Shift+F1 or click Procedure Help on the toolbar.
2 The procedure help screen displays.
Using the Windows User Interface 61
Fig. 2.22
Displaying
Procedure Help
Drill Down
You use drill downs to view records available to specified fields, then ¶ See “Drill-Down
select a record to enter into the field. Browses” on
page 65.
1 Click the Drill-Down button on the toolbar.
2 The cursor changes to a magnifying glass.
3 Click on a field.
4 The drill down displays.
62 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 2.23
Drill Downs
Double-click
to bring the
record into
the field.
Return
Click the Return button to end the program and go back to the menu.
Fig. 2.24
Return Button Return Button
Message Bar
The message bar contains messages issued by a Progress program.
Figure 2.25 shows some sample messages.
Fig. 2.25
Message Bar
Fig. 2.26
Progress Status Bar
Look-Up Browses
A look-up browse displays values for existing records for the field the
browse is attached to, as well as values of other fields in those records.
Depending on how the browse is defined, it can display and sort up to
seven columns of fields. A look-up browse cannot filter, graph, or print
data.
¶ See User Guide: Access a look-up browse from the Help menu, click on its icon next to the
Manager related field, or press Alt+F2. Attach a look-up browse to a field with
Functions.
Drill Down/Lookup Maintenance (36.20.1).
To enter the cell contents of the browse in the active field of the calling
program:
• Triple-click on a browse cell—one click to select the cell, two clicks
to enter the cell data in the field.
• Select a cell and press Enter or click OK.
You can determine the starting record in the browse in several ways:
• If you type one or more characters in the field of the calling program
and access the look-up browse, its display begins at the record
starting with those characters.
• When the browse is the active window, you can type one or more
characters in its entry field, press Enter, and the browse display
begins at the record starting with those characters.
• When the browse is the active window, you can click on any column
heading that is in the sort-columns selection list and then type one or
more characters. When you pause in your typing, the browse begins
the search. It re-sorts based on the current column heading and
redisplays records, beginning with the record that matches your
criterion.
You can enter a wildcard (*) as a search criterion. For example, if you
enter AD* in the field of the calling program or in the browse, it displays
only values beginning with AD.
Important You may incur a serious performance loss when you use
wildcards to search for non-indexed fields. The browse searches the entire
database; while it is searching, your session is unavailable for other
processing.
Using the Windows User Interface 65
Drill-Down Browses
Use one of these methods to access a drill-down browse: ¶ See Figure 2.28.
• From a menu screen:
• Click on the menu item.
• Enter its program name or number in the Menu Selection box.
• From within a calling program:
• Choose Drill-Down from the Help menu or press Alt+F1.
• If the browse has been added to the toolbar, click its button.
Tip 2 Enter criteria in any of the fields. You can enter exact criteria on both
You cannot use the right and left sides, or you can use wildcards (*) in the left column
wildcards for
numeric or date for character fields. When you use a wildcard in a field in the left
fields. column, the corresponding To field is disabled. The To fields do not
accept wildcards.
Using the Windows User Interface 67
Important You could incur a serious loss of performance when you use
wildcards to search for non-indexed fields. The browse searches the entire
database; while it is searching, your session is unavailable for other
processing.
3 In the fields on the left side of the Browse Options window, the
default is the lowest number or first alphabetical selection. In the
fields on the right side of the Browse Options window, the default is
the highest number or last alphabetical selection.
4 In the Sort By field, choose a field (column) for sorting the records.
5 In the Sort Order field, choose Ascending or Descending.
6 Click the Update icon to create the filtered browse.
The filtered browse becomes active in the browse window.
7 You can toggle between the filtered and unfiltered browse by clicking
the Filter On/Off button. Changing the sort affects filtered and
unfiltered browses.
The status of your filter selection is displayed in the Message Bar.
Browse Graphing
In the Windows user interface, you can make graphs of browse data on Tip
the screen and print them. To generate a graph of a browse, select the Graphing is not
available in the
Graph icon on the toolbar. character interface.
Fig. 2.30
Graph Selection
Criteria
68 User Guide — Introduction
X-Axis Data
Tip In X-Axis Data, select a browse field to use as the x-axis of the graph.
Different fields Click on the down arrow to view a list of available fields.
display in the
selection lists
depending on the
browse being Y1-Axis Data
graphed.
In Y1-Axis Data, specify a browse field to use as the y-axis of the graph.
Click on the down arrow to view a list of available fields. Only non-
numeric data can be used with the Count option.
Example Specifying Region in X-Axis Data and Customer (Count) in
Y1-Axis Data displays a graph of the total count of all customers per
region.
Y2-Axis Data
To display two sets of data on the y-axis of a graph, specify a browse field
in Y2-Axis Data.
Note Pie charts can be displayed with only one set of data. Therefore, if
Pie Chart is selected in Type of Graph, this field is disabled.
The field options available for the Y-2 Axis Data value are identical to
those for Y-1 Axis Data except that Y-2 Axis Data includes an entry for
None.
Example Selecting Customer in X-Axis Data, Balance in Y1-Axis Data,
and Credit Limit in Y2-Axis Data produces a graph showing customers as
the x-axis with a graph of their balance versus their credit limit. However,
if Y2-Axis Data has a value of None, only one set of data appears on the
y-axis.
Under Y1-Axis Data and Y2-Axis Data are radio sets listing the following
options: Total, Count, Average, Minimum, and Maximum. You can select
one option for each axis.
Note If a non-numeric field is specified in Y1-Axis Data or Y2-Axis
Data, the associated radio set for that data box is disabled.
Using the Windows User Interface 69
Table 2.2
Option Effect Example Graphing Options
Total Adds up all of the values for the If X-Axis Data is Region and Y1-Axis
selected y-axis data field in the Data is Balance, the data represents the
browse for each x-axis field. total balance of all customers in that
region. If X-Axis Data is Customer and
Y1-Axis Data is Balance, the data
represents each individual customer’s
balance.
Count Counts the number of If X-Axis Data is Region and Y1-Axis
occurrences of y-axis data for Data is Customer (Count), the data
each x-axis field. This is used represents the total number of
primarily for non-numeric fields. customers in each region.
Average Adds up all of the values for the If X-Axis Data is Region and Y1-Axis
y-axis field in the browse for Data is Balance, the data represents the
each x-axis field and divides by average balance of all customers in that
the total number of occurrences region.
of the y-axis data.
Minimum Reads through all of the values If X-Axis Data is Region and Y1-Axis
for the y-axis field in the browse Data is Balance, the data represents the
and, for each x-axis value, lowest customer balance in the region.
selects the lowest value.
Maximum Reads through all of the values If X-Axis Data is Region and Y1-Axis
for the y-axis field in the browse Data is Balance, the data represents the
and, for each x-axis value, highest customer balance in the region.
selects the highest value.
Graph Type
Use this radio set to select the type of graph format you want displayed.
The choices are Bar Chart, Pie Chart, Line Graph, and Area Graph.
3-D, 2-D
¶ See “Filtering If filtering is enabled for the browse, this radio set lets you choose to
and Sorting graph just the data that was previously filtered in the browse or all of the
Browses” on
page 66. records. If you want to change the filter criteria, you first must cancel this
dialog box and make the changes.
The radio set is unavailable if the browse has not been filtered.
Generating a Graph
After entering the required input data, click Update on the toolbar to
display the graph.
Note If there are too many data points to graph, the labels do not appear
across the x-axis.
After running a graph the first time, you can change the graph type, y-axis
options, or 3-D, 2-D setting. Click the Draw icon to display the changes.
Click the Printer icon to generate a printed copy of the graph.
Fig. 2.31
Graph Window
Using the Windows User Interface 71
Output Devices
When you run a report, browse, or inquiry, you have several options for ¶ See User Guide:
displaying the output. A lookup attached to the Output field lists the Manager
Functions for
options available on your system. For devices to be available, they must information on
first be defined in Printer Setup Maintenance (36.13.2)—even if they are setting up printers
and other output
not actually printers. Output devices include the following. devices.
• Display devices
• Server printers
• Locally controlled Windows printers
• E-mail
You can also send the output to a file or specify a batch ID to run the
process later.
Fig. 2.32
Printer Options
A lookup displays available Field
output options.
Display Devices
In the character interface, select Terminal to view the report output on the
screen. In the graphical user interface (GUI), you can select either
Terminal or Window.
By default, browses initially display on the screen in both character and
GUI environments. Select Print from the User Menu to display the Output
field. This lets you choose another option.
Server Printers
From both character and GUI environments, you can send output to a ¶ See User Guide:
printer set up in Printer Setup Maintenance (36.13.2) with Destination Manager
Functions for
Type set to Default. The record for this type of printer has device path and information on
printer control information. setting up
printers.
72 User Guide — Introduction
Select Winprint to use one of these printers. You then control printing
with a standard Windows print dialog box, which lets you select a printer
and change printing options—for example, change the default portrait
page orientation to landscape—as required. This is especially useful if
you print in a double-byte language such as Chinese.
Define fonts for 80-column and 132-column report formats in the
Progress initialization file on the client computer. For more information
on initialization file settings, see the installation guide for your system.
Important Be sure that your client computer has a default printer set up
in Windows before you send output to Winprint. If you set up a new
default printer while the system is running, exit your session and start it
again to assure that the function works properly.
E-mail
From the GUI or character user interface, you can transmit the report
output in an e-mail message by selecting Email as the output device.
When you run the report, a dialog box displays in which you enter the
recipient’s e-mail address and the subject of the message.
The system uses your e-mail system to create a message with the report
output as the body. You can specify more than one recipient by separating
the addresses with commas. If the recipient is a user of your QAD 2008 -
Standard application, you can enter just a logon ID.
¶ See User Guide: Although the e-mail option always displays as an output device, the
Manager function works only under these circumstances:
Functions for
information on • You have an e-mail transmission program that accepts input from a
setting up your
system to use command-line interface. Several available shareware or freeware
e-mail. programs meet this requirement.
Using the Windows User Interface 73
Files
In some cases, it is useful to send report output to a file. You can review
output sent to a file with another software package, such as a word
processor or spreadsheet, or you can print it later. Output to file is also
useful if your printer is temporarily unavailable.
Most GUI reports display the Printer Output dialog box, which includes a
check box for outputting to a file. When you select this option, the system
prompts you for a file name.
In programs where the Printer Output dialog box does not display, type
the name of a file—up to eight characters—in the Output field. The
system displays a warning that this is not a defined printing device. Press
Spacebar to have the system write the output to a file called
filename.prn. To cancel, press End.
74 User Guide — Introduction
Batch Processing
¶ See User Guide: To run a report or process later, specify a batch number in the Batch ID
Manager field. A batch is a predefined group of processes that you can run through
Functions for
information on a single user interface—Batch Request Processor (36.14.13).
setting up and
processing When you enter a batch number, restrictions apply to some of the devices
batches.
available in Output.
• You cannot select Terminal or Window as the output device.
• If you select Email, the recipient and subject prompt does not display.
Instead, the system automatically sends the output to your e-mail
address when the batch process is run. You can then forward it as
required.
Note When you select e-mail output in batch mode, the subject line
displays the menu option and title.
¶ See the • If you select Winprint, the system sends the output to the default
installation guide printer selected on your Windows client computer at the time the
for information
on the Progress batch process is run. It uses the 80-column or 132-column font
initialization file. specified in the Progress initialization file. Because you do not have
the option of changing page orientation during batch processing, be
sure that the font is narrow enough to allow reports to fit on a portrait
page.
Important You must run Batch Request Processor (36.14.13) from a
Windows client computer to send output to a Winprint printer. If you set
up the batch on a Windows client but then run Batch Request Processor
from a character workstation, the report does not print.
Navigation Keyboard
Commands Entry Description
Previous F9 or up arrow Retrieves previous record in a key data
field.
Next F10 or down Retrieves next record in a key data field.
arrow
Enter Enter Moves to next field within a frame.
Tab Tab Moves to next field within a frame.
Back Tab Shift+Tab Moves back one field within a frame.
Exit Alt+X Closes a program.
Run Ctrl+R Starts a program by name.
Print Ctrl+P Prints browse, inquiry, or report
information.
Table 2.4
Help Keyboard Windows Help
Commands Entry Description Commands
Field Help F1 Opens help on current field.
Procedure Help Shift+F1 Opens help on current program.
Drill-Down Browse Alt+F1 Displays choice of records.
Look-Up Browse Alt+F2 Displays choice of records.
About Ctrl+F1 Displays the program name.
Browse Options F7 Opens the browse options window.
Browse Options Toggle Alt+F Turns the browse options on and off.
Browse Graph Shift+F11 Opens the browse graphing window.
Field Name Ctrl+F Displays information about the current
session, program, and field.
Table 2.5
Edit Keyboard Windows Edit
Commands Entry Description Commands
Delete Record F5 Deletes an open record.
Cut Ctrl+X Cuts a field or selection to clipboard.
Copy Ctrl+C Copies a field or selection to clipboard.
Paste Ctrl+V Pastes data from the clipboard.
76 User Guide — Introduction
Chapter 3
Output Devices 90
Introduction
Unlike other QAD user interfaces, the character-based interface depends
completely on input from the keyboard. Because it is not a graphical user
interface, all navigation is based on:
• A command-prompt interface to execute programs
• Combinations of keystrokes to issue commands within programs
Important You cannot use the mouse to navigate through the UNIX
character interface.
¶ See page 25. This chapter is limited to information on menus, screens, and navigation
in the character user interface. General characteristics of user interfaces
and programs are described elsewhere in this guide.
Menu System
The menu system is comprised of 36 modules on the character-based
Main Menu, divided into three categories: Distribution, Manufacturing,
and Financial. In turn, each module has one or more menus attached to it.
Menus are lists of programs you use to look up or input data.
80 User Guide — Introduction
Fig. 3.2
Main Menu in
Character Mode
When you enter a menu number on the command line, the system either
executes a program or displays a lower-level menu. You can keep drilling
down through the menus until you reach the appropriate level.
Alternatively, you can access a program directly by entering its Progress
name—such as ppptmt.p for Item Master Maintenance—or number at
the command prompt.
To run a program from the current submenu, enter just its number on that
menu; for example, 1. If it is on a different submenu, you must enter its
full menu number preceded by a period.
Example If the current menu displayed is Manager Functions (36), you
can enter 1 to access Domain/Account Control (36.1). However, you must
enter .1.4.1 to run Item Master Maintenance (1.1.4) because it is on a
different submenu.
You can also use the arrow keys to move around the menu, then press
Enter to execute the highlighted selection.
Menu Substitutions
¶ See User Guide: Menu substitution lets you toggle between displaying browses and
Manager inquiries on the menu. You can also use it to switch between customized
Functions for
information on and noncustomized versions of a program. The system administrator can
Menu use Menu Substitution Maintenance (36.20.6) to specify which programs
Substitution
Maintenance. are substituted for others when you select this option.
Using the Character User Interface 81
Screen Elements
Figure 3.3 is an example of a program in character mode.
Fig. 3.3
Title bar Character Mode
Program window
Data frame
Progress
status bar
Title Bar
The title bar identifies the program currently running. For programs in the
character interface, the system displays three elements in the title bar:
• The Progress program name, such as ppptmt.p
• The complete menu number, such as 1.4.1
• The program menu label, such as Item Master Maintenance
82 User Guide — Introduction
Program Window
The program window displays the frames and fields of the current
program.
Getting Help
¶ See “Character- The status bar shows the basic commands needed to navigate through the
Mode Keyboard specific program currently displayed in the program window.
Commands” on
page 90 for a
complete list.
Using the Character User Interface 83
User Menu
The User Menu saves time by letting you access a set of predefined
programs directly, without entering menu numbers or program names at
the command prompt. This way, you can execute a program without
having to remember its menu number or Progress name.
Although the menu bar is available only with browses, you can access a
User Menu from any program or menu by pressing F6. This listing
includes programs specified in User Function Maintenance (36.4.11).
User Function Maintenance lets you assign programs to individual users
or to all users. Use the following steps to navigate through the User
Menu:
• Press F6 to open a pop-up window listing the programs assigned
specifically to your user ID. If no programs are assigned, the list
includes programs assigned to the blank user ID (all users).
• Press F4. If you have both user-specific and blank-ID programs
assigned, the list updates to display programs assigned to all users.
Otherwise, the pop-up window closes.
• Press Tab to move the cursor between the menu number and the
program label. The system sorts lexically; for example, 28.13 is listed
before 3.18. When you move the cursor to the program label column,
the system re-sorts the list alphabetically.
• To run a program from the user menu, use the up and down arrows to
select the program. Then press Enter.
In character mode, browses have a menu bar that you can use to perform
various tasks.
Fig. 3.4
Browse Menu Bar
To access the menu bar, press Esc-M while a browse is running. You can Tip
then select a menu item with one of the following methods: Use the mouse from
Windows character
• Use the left and right arrows to move across to the menu you want. clients.
Then use the up and down arrows to highlight an item on the menu.
Press Enter to select the item.
84 User Guide — Introduction
• Press the underlined letter for the menu you want to select. The cursor
moves to that menu and displays the menu items. Use one of these
methods to select an item:
• Use the up and down arrows to highlight the item you want and
press Enter.
• Press the underlined letter for the item you want.
User Menu
User Menu items are user defined; you can use them to jump to other
programs. When you exit the second program, the system returns you to
the program that was running when you accessed the User Menu.
¶ See User Guide: Programs displayed on the User Menu are defined in User Function
Manager Maintenance (36.4.11). This list is always the same, regardless of which
Functions.
program you are running.
Using the Character User Interface 85
Fig. 3.5
User Menu in
Character Mode
Defined in
User Function
Maintenance
Standard
menu options
Use this command to display the Printer Options dialog box. You can use Tip
this dialog to specify the print destination; for example, a server printer or Not all output
options listed are
your terminal. You can also indicate that the output should be placed in a available from the
file. character interface.
See page 90.
After you select an output device, the Browse Print Configuration
window lets you specify the fields to be output. When you select fields,
the system displays the number of characters in each line of the output.
Run Program
Run Progress programs with this option. You can run any menu-level
program without having to exit the current program.
Fig. 3.6
Run Program
Dialog Box
1 Press Esc-M to access the drop-down User Menu and select Run Tip
Program. The accelerator key
is Ctrl+R.
2 In the pop-up window, enter one of the following:
• The Progress program name, such as ppptmt. You do not have to
enter the file extension of .p.
86 User Guide — Introduction
Exit
You can exit the current program through the User Menu. You can also
exit programs by either of the following methods.
• Press F4.
• Press Ctrl+E.
Progress Editor
Unlike the Windows interface, the character user interface does not allow
you to access the Progress Editor from the User Menu. Instead, use the
following procedure.
1 Press F4 until the following prompt displays:
Please confirm exit
Edit Menu
Cutting text deletes it from its current location and copies it to the
clipboard. Copying is similar, but it leaves the original text in place. In
both cases, you can paste the text to another location, such as a field.
1 Choose the text to cut or copy.
2 Display the Edit menu. This menu choice is available only when text
is selected.
3 Choose Cut or Copy.
4 Position the cursor in the new location.
5 Display the Edit menu and choose Paste.
Options Menu
To turn an option on or off, access the menu, scroll to the option, and
press Enter, or type the underlined letter. A > character next to an option
shows that it is on.
Fig. 3.8
Browse Options Menu in
Character Mode
88 User Guide — Introduction
Browse Options
¶ See “Filtering Use this option to set up filter criteria for browses. This is similar to the
and Sorting filter function in the Windows interface. Remember to substitute the
Browses” on
page 66. character mode function keys for the Windows buttons.
Toggle Filter
Use the toggle filter setting to turn on and off the filter criteria set up in
the browse filter options.
Help Menu
Use this menu to access help on fields, as well as display drill downs and
look-up browses on selected fields.
Fig. 3.9
Help Menu
Note Although Contents and Interface Help appear on the Help menu,
they are not available in the character user interface. This is also true of
several keyboard accelerator keys listed.
Field Help
The fastest way to get help for the current field is by pressing F2 twice
(press F2 once and, if available, a look-up browse displays), but you can
also bring it up with the Help menu. With the cursor in the field, drop
down the Help menu and choose Field Help.
Procedure Help
Procedure help is not included for browses. Choosing this option displays
an error message.
Using the Character User Interface 89
Drill-Down
Look-Up Browse
This is the same browse that displays the first time you press F2, if it is ¶ See “Getting
attached to the field. Help” on
page 82.
About...
When you reach either the top or the bottom of the stack, the appropriate
command button is disabled.
Fig. 3.10
About... Screen
90 User Guide — Introduction
Output Devices
¶ See “Output Just as in the Windows interface, you can send the output from reports,
Devices” on inquiries, and browses to a number of devices, including the following:
page 71.
• Your terminal
• A server printer
• An e-mail message
However, the character user interface does not offer as many options as
the GUI interface.
• You can send output to Terminal, but not to Window. If you select
Window, the system displays an error message.
• The Winprint option is designed only for Windows clients. If you
select this option, the system displays an error message.
¶ See User Guide: Otherwise, the output options are the same in both interfaces. If you select
Manager a printer as the output device, be sure to use one that has been defined
Functions for
information on with a Destination Type of Default in Printer Setup Maintenance
setting up printers (36.13.2).
and using e-mail.
Just as in the Windows interface, you cannot use e-mail unless it has been
set up properly.
Table 3.2
Help Keyboard Control Key Character Help
Commands Entry Entry Description Commands
Field Help F2 Opens help on current field.
Procedure Help F2 Opens help on current program.
Look-Up F2 Displays choice of records.
Browse
Browse F7 Opens the browse options window.
Options
Browse Esc-F Turns the browse options on and off.
Options Toggle This is not available from Windows
character clients. Use the mouse
instead.
Field Name Ctrl+F Ctrl+F Displays information about the current
session, program, and field.
Table 3.3
Edit Keyboard Control Key Character Edit
Commands Entry Entry Description Commands
Insert F3 Ctrl+T Enables text insertion.
Delete Record F5 Ctrl+D Deletes an open record.
Recall F7 Ctrl+R Recalls last saved value in a field.
Cut F8 Clears a field.
92 User Guide — Introduction
F12 or Ctrl+A stores values for any number of fields. Values are pasted
back when you press F12 or Ctrl+A again. The field values are stored
separately for each field and for each user, and the values are saved
between logon sessions.
Example Using Sales Order Maintenance, enter a value in Channel and
press F12 while the cursor is still in the field to store the value. Then enter
a value in Credit Terms and press F12 to store that entry. Finish entering
the sales order. The next time you enter a sales order, press F12 in the
empty Channel field and the stored value is entered. Press F12 on the
Credit Terms to input the stored credit terms.
To store field values in a maintenance program, you must select Go or
Enter through the frame containing the field values you stored. If you exit
the frame using End, the field values you stored are not saved. This is
only true in maintenance and other update programs. Values stored using
F12 in reports and inquiries are saved even if you do not select Go or
Enter to complete the frame.
Chapter 4
1. Items/Sites Menu
Menu Menu Label Program Name
1.1 Site/Location/Status Menu ...
1.1.1 Inventory Status Code Maintenance icstmt.p
1.1.2 Inventory Status Code Browse gpbr349.p
1.1.3 Inventory Status Code Report icstrp.p
1.1.5 Item Status Code Maintenance ppstmt.p
1.1.6 Item Status Code Browse gpbr198.p
1.1.7 Item Status Code Report ppstrp.p
1.1.9 Inventory Movement Code Maintenance soimmt.p
1.1.10 Inventory Movement Code Browse gpbr501.p
1.1.13 Site Maintenance icsimt.p
1.1.14 Site Browse gpbr348.p
1.1.15 Site Report icsirp.p
1.1.18 Location Maintenance iclomt.p
1.1.19 Location Browse gpbr336.p
1.1.20 Location Report iclorp01.p
1.2 Product Line/Account Menu ...
1.2.1 Product Line Maintenance ppplmt.p
1.2.2 Product Line Inquiry pppliq.p
1.2.3 Product Line Report ppplrp.p
1.2.5 Purchasing Account Maintenance ppplpmt.p
1.2.6 Purchasing Account Inquiry ppplpiq.p
1.2.7 Purchasing Account Report ppplprp.p
1.2.9 Work Order Account Maintenance ppplwmt.p
1.2.10 Work Order Account Inquiry ppplwiq.p
1.2.11 Work Order Account Report ppplwrp.p
1.2.13 Inventory Account Maintenance pppldmt.p
1.2.14 Inventory Account Browse ppbr011.p
1.2.17 Sales Account Maintenance ppplsmt.p
1.2.18 Sales Account Browse ppbr012.p
1.2.19 Sales Account Report ppplsrp.p
Menu and Program Name Listing 95
2. Addresses/Taxes Menu
Menu Menu Label Program Name
2.1 Customers Menu ...
2.1.1 Customer Maintenance adcsmt.p
2.1.2 Customer Browse adbr001.p
2.1.3 Customer Address Report adcsrp.p
2.1.4 Customer Master Report adcsrp01.p
2.1.5 Customer Labels Print adcsrp02.p
2.1.7 Customer Credit Limit Adjustment adcscr.p
2.1.9 Reserved Location Menu...
2.1.9.1 Reserved Location Maintenance adrlmt.p
2.1.9.2 Reserved Location Browse icbr013.p
2.1.9.3 Reserved Location Report adrlrp.p
2.1.9.5 Detail Allocations Inventory Inquiry icrliq.p
2.1.9.6 Detail Allocations Inventory Report icrlrp.p
2.1.12 Master Comment Maintenance gpcmmt.p
2.1.13 Customer Ship-to Maintenance adstmt.p
2.1.14 Customer Ship-to Inquiry adstiq.p
2.1.15 Customer Ship-to Address Report adstrp.p
2.1.16 Temporary Ship-to Delete adstdl.p
2.1.18 Salesperson Assignment Report adcsrp03.p
2.1.24 Customer Control adcspm.p
2.3 Suppliers Menu ...
2.3.1 Supplier Maintenance advnmt.p
2.3.2 Supplier Browse adbr014.p
2.3.3 Supplier Address Report advnrp.p
2.3.4 Supplier Master Report advnrp01.p
2.3.5 Supplier Labels Print advnrp02.p
2.3.12 Master Comment Maintenance gpcmmt.p
2.3.13 Supplier Remit-to Maintenance adrtmt.p
2.3.14 Supplier Remit-to Browse adbr009.p
2.3.15 Supplier Remit-to Report adrtrp.p
2.3.24 Supplier Control advdpm.p
2.5 Salespersons Menu ...
Menu and Program Name Listing 101
5. Purchasing Menu
Menu Menu Label Program Name
5.1 Purchase Requisition Menu ...
5.1.1 Purchase Approvals Maintenance poacmt.p
5.1.2 Purchase Approvals Browse pobr001.p
5.1.4 Purchase Requisition Maintenance poprmt.p
5.1.5 Purchase Requisition Browse pobr007.p
5.1.6 Purchase Requisition Report poprrp.p
5.1.8 Requisition Approval Document Print poprrp02.p
5.1.16 Requisition Approval Maintenance poprap.p
5.1.17 Approved Requisition Print poprrp01.p
5.2 Global Requisition Menu ...
5.2.1 Setup Menu ...
5.2.1.1 Approval Level Maintenance rqlmt.p
5.2.1.2 Approval Level Browse rqliq.p
5.2.1.4 Category Maintenance rqcmt.p
5.2.1.5 Category Report rqcrp.p
5.2.1.7 Job Maintenance rqjmt.p
5.2.1.8 Job Browse rqjiq.p
5.2.1.13 Horizontal Approver Maintenance rqahmt.p
5.2.1.14 Vertical Approver Maintenance rqavmt.p
5.2.1.15 Job Approver Maintenance rqajmt.p
5.2.1.16 Product Line Approver Maintenance rqaplmt.p
5.2.1.17 Approver Report rqarp.p
5.2.1.20 Buyer Maintenance rqbmt.p
5.2.1.24 Requisition Control rqpm.p
5.2.3 Requisition Maintenance rqrqmt.p
5.2.4 Requisition Inquiry rqrqiq1.p
5.2.5 Requisition Browse rqrqiq5.p
5.2.6 Requisition Report rqrqrp5.p
5.2.8 Requisition History Log rqrqrp4.p
5.2.13 Requisition Approval Maintenance rqapmt.p
5.2.14 Requisition Routing Maintenance rqrtmt.p
110 User Guide — Introduction
a. Workbench programs are not available through the character user interface.
Menu and Program Name Listing 143
Acquisition Cost. The amount required to AICPA. See American Institute of Certified
purchase a fixed asset. Public Accountants (AICPA).
Action Message. A system message usually Algorithm. A step-by-step problem-solving
created during MRP calculations to call procedure.
attention to a current or potential problem and
Allocation. The act of reserving inventory for
suggest corrective action.
a specific purpose. Does not name specific
Active Schedule. The supplier schedule inventory, and no physical movement of
currently in force. Only one schedule per order inventory takes place.
line item can be active at a time.
Alpha Factor. A smoothing factor used in
Advance Ship Notice (ASN). An electronic forecast methods 03 and 04. Alpha closer to
document derived from a shipper document zero applies increasingly equal weight to all
and sent by a supplier to a customer when a sales history. Alpha closer to one increasingly
shipment leaves the supplier site, informing the favors recent sales history.
customer that the shipment is on the way. ASN
Alternate Routing. A routing used instead of
formats are defined for various international
the primary routing. Results in an identical
standards; for example, an 856 Transaction Set
item.
per ANSI ASC X12. An ASN takes the place
of an invoice in some supplier-customer American Institute of Certified Public
arrangements. See Electronic Data Interchange Accountants (AICPA). Organization that
(EDI). establishes standards of financial accounting
and reporting for the private sector.
Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS).
A type of planning and scheduling system that Amortization. Some capital expenditures,
considers: primarily non-tangibles, can be amortized
• Static item and resource data such as shop rather than depreciated. This method generally
calendars, product structures, and routings uses a straight-line method over a specific time
• Sources of supply and demand period. Items that could be eligible for
amortization include trademarks, certain
• Multiple material and capacity constraints
start-up expenses, software, and other
• A set of predefined business objectives
intangible assets.
Based on this data, the APS system determines
the production schedule that best meets both Analysis Code. (1) For the GL Report Writer,
the established resource constraints and the identifies user-defined reporting hierarchies for
business objectives of the enterprise. See also grouping and linking GL elements of any of
Finite Capacity Scheduling (FCS) and five segment types: entity, account, cost center,
Optimized Schedule. sub-account, and project. (2) A code used to
group items or customers for pricing.
AETC. See Authorized Excess Transportation
Code (AETC). ANSI. American National Standards Institute,
the United States organization responsible for
AIAG. Automotive Industry Action Group. A
approving National Standards and the parent
nonprofit trade association of North American organization of ASC X12. This group is the
vehicle manufacturers and suppliers. recognized coordinator and clearinghouse for
information in the U.S. and, in some cases,
Glossary 187
Canadian national business standards. It also ASN. See Advance Ship Notice (ASN).
serves as the North American representative to Assay. A test of the physical and chemical
the International Organization of properties of a sample.
Standardization (ISO).
Assemble to Order (ATO). To assemble an
Application. A program addressing a specific
end item from stocked assemblies according to
business function. a customer order. ATO describes one type of
Application Program Interface (API). A set of configured product, which must be assembled
routines, protocols, and tools that connect on a final assembly work order. An ATO item
applications, usually for the purpose of sharing is contrasted with a kit, which requires no
data. assembly. See Kit.
Applied Payments. Payments made toward Assembly. A group of components that, when
specific invoices, memos, or finance charges. put together, make up an end item or a higher
level configuration.
Apportioning Method. The method by which
the total invoice amount from a third-party Assembly Items List. A list of items and
logistics supplier is allocated to individual line subassemblies used in manufacturing an
items on a purchase order. assembly.
APS. See Advanced Planning and Scheduling Asset Account. A GL account used to track
(APS). the acquisition cost of a fixed asset.
As-Built Configuration. Detailed information Asset Suspense Account. A GL account
about the actual components making up a used to track the remaining value of a fixed
manufactured or configured item. Derived by asset when it is disposed of.
examining the transaction history created by ATP. See Available to Promise (ATP).
the work order on which the item is built. Can
be used to update the installed base for service/ Attribute. A property, such as a variable,
support. encapsulated in a component. Properties define
a component’s appearance and state.
ASCII. American Standard Code for
Information Interchange. Standard method for Audit Profile. A record associated with a
representing characters on computers. specific database table that contains
information that controls the table auditing,
ASC X12. American National Standards
including a detailed list of fields and field types
Institute Accredited Standards Committee X12. in the table, a logical field that determines
This committee develops and maintains U.S. whether auditing is enabled, and a list of delete
generic standards for electronic data event keys associated with the table.
interchange. Generically, X12 refers to any of
the standards that have been published by the AUTHNBR Unique Days. Number of days an
ANSI ASC X12 committee as well as any of authorization number must remain unique,
the industry-specific standards that are a subset when authorization numbers are included in
of any ANSI X12 standard. schedule requirement detail.
188 User Guide — Introduction
Authorized Excess Transportation Code standard cost. Each time a receipt is processed,
(AETC). A shipping term consisting of a the average cost of the item is recalculated and
combination of reason code, responsibility inventory is revalued. Also known as normal
code, and authorization code. The reason code costing.
usually indicates who is responsible—
Average Costs per Unit. The total cost to
customer or supplier—for excess freight on a
produce a quantity of goods divided by the
shipment.
total number of units.
Available. An inventory status that indicates to
Average Weeks of Coverage. The factor
the system that items can be used to fill
specifying an item’s desired global inventory
demand.
coverage level. Affects either family plans or
Available Inventory. On-hand inventory operations plans, depending on when you
balance less allocations, backorders, and calculate target inventory levels. Used by plan
quantities held for quality problems. Often calculations to determine target inventory
called beginning available balance. levels based on sales forecasts.
Available (Shift) Hours. Number of weekly Averaging Interval. The time unit used in
shift hours available for production. The calculating averages. A larger averaging
system calculates shift hours based on holidays interval causes the average to be less affected
and the shift calendar or shop calendar. by large variations.
Available to Promise (ATP). The
uncommitted portion of inventory or planned
production, maintained in the master schedule B
to support customer order promising. ATP
Back Scheduling. A scheduling technique that
quantity is the uncommitted inventory balance
begins with the due date for an order and works
in the first period and is normally calculated for
backward to determine the required start date
each period in which a Master Production
and/or due dates for an operation.
Schedule (MPS) receipt is scheduled. In the
first period, ATP equals on-hand inventory less Backflush. The automatic recording of
customer orders due and overdue. In any component/raw material issues based on:
period containing MPS scheduled receipts, • The quantity of end items received, and
ATP equals MPS minus customer orders for the • The quantity per of the component from the
period and all subsequent periods before the end item’s bill of material
next MPS scheduled receipt. A negative ATP Can be used for both work order and repetitive
reduces prior period ATP. production, as well as shipping of kit
Available Work. Work on hand and ready to be configured items. Backflush quantity for a base
performed. Differs from scheduled work that process is used to calculate the issue
may not yet be physically on hand. (backflush) quantities for co-products and
by-products.
Average Costs. A costing method that keeps a
running average of an item’s costs. A simple Backlog. (1) All customer orders received but
weighted average is used to track material and not shipped. Also known as open orders. (2)
labor costs, while overhead is tracked as a The difference between work input and output
at a work center. Also known as queue.
Glossary 189
Backlog Plan. Plan that includes projected Base Process. A process resulting in the
number of open orders for a given product line production of co-products and by-products.
at a given site in any month. Also records the Has an item master number and a BOM or
actual number for comparison. formula code specifying the co-products and
by-products. Components can be linked to it,
Backorder. An unfilled portion of an order or
but these are not required.
commitment. Represents an immediate (or past
due) demand against an item where inventory Base Value. The item price or cost.
is insufficient to satisfy demand.
Basis. See Depreciable Basis.
Balance Sheet. A financial report showing
Batch. (1) A standard run or lot size,
what resources (assets and liabilities) the
determined by container size, convention, line
company has accumulated over time and
rates, and/or standard run length. (2) In Fixed
current equity (Equity = Assets – Liability).
Assets, a group of similar fixed assets added
Bar Code. A series of alternating bars and together into the system. Fixed-asset batches
spaces printed or stamped on parts, containers, have no relation or similarity to batches used in
labels, or other media representing encoded other financial modules. (3) A group of
information that can be read electronically. transactions processed together.
BASDA. Business and Accounting Software Batch Number. (1) A number used for tracing
Developers Association. Recognized within groups of work orders through a batch-oriented
the software development industry and various process. (2) An ID for tracking a group of
standards organizations as the authority on the transactions processed together.
introduction of the euro and its effects on
Batch Processing. A computer technique
accounting software packages.
where transactions are accumulated and
Base Currency. The currency in which your processed together.
company does business. It is specified in
Batch Work Order. A streamlined work order
Domain/Account Control and used for
that does not yet have a bill or routing.
recording all transactions.
Operations Plan Explosion generates work
Base Currency Account. An account orders to satisfy end-item plan demands. For
denominated in the functional base currency of items defined as co-products, the explosion
the database. creates batch work orders (Status B) for the
base process. When you change the work order
Base Increase/Decrease. A constant
status from B to F, the system generates firm
multiplier applied to monthly forecast
planned work orders for the co-products and
quantities.
by-products associated with the base process.
Base Percent. The portion of an item or trailer See Firm Planned Work Order.
charge amount that is taxable.
Before Image File. The mechanism used for
storing changes made to data in the database. It
is primarily used to restore the internal
integrity of the database if processing errors
occur.
190 User Guide — Introduction
Bucket. A system in which information is Call. Any type of contact generating a service
accumulated into time periods such as weekly response.
or monthly. Call Activity Recording (CAR). The recording
Bucketless System. A system where time- of actual time, materials, and expenses
phased data is processed, stored, and displayed consumed in handling a call.
using dated records rather than defined time Call Escalation. The automatic forwarding of
buckets. calls not resolved within a certain time.
Burden Cost. A variable overhead cost that Call Invoice Recording (CIR). The generation
varies with an item’s manufacturing time. of pending invoices based on activity managed
Cannot be directly related to individual in Call Activity Recording.
products. Examples are heating, rent, and
Call Management. Processes and tools for
maintenance.
managing the solution of a service contact.
Burden Rate. A cost, usually in dollars per
Capacity. The maximum work load for a work
hour, normally added to the cost of every
center, machine, and so on.
standard production hour to cover overhead
expenses. Capacity Management. The establishing,
measuring, monitoring, and adjusting of
Business Unit. Any supplying or
capacity levels for the long, medium, and short
manufacturing organization in a supply chain
range. Determines the resources required to
that uses Enterprise Material Transfer
meet production schedules. Includes resource
functionality. Also called entity. See also,
planning, capacity requirements planning, and
Primary Business Unit (PBU) and Secondary
input/output control.
Business Unit (SBU).
Capacity Requirements Plan (CRP). The
Buyer. The individual responsible for
determination of labor and machine resources
purchasing. Buyer duties include vendor
required to accomplish the tasks of production.
selection, negotiation, order placement, follow-
Used for medium-range capacity management
up; evaluation of new materials, processes, or
to determine and then provide the resources
vendor performance; and value analyses.
required to meet detailed item schedules
By-product. A product that is an incidental established by MRP.
result of a process and usually has little sales
Capped Tax. A tax having a maximum
value. Recyclable products and waste products
amount. For example, tax is assessed only on
are types of by-products.
the first $700.00 of the transaction amount.
CAR. See Call Activity Recording (CAR).
Carrier. A business entity responsible for the
transportation of goods
192 User Guide — Introduction
Carrying Cost. Costs involved in storing and Charge Type. A code corresponding to a
maintaining inventory. Includes invested service type defined in RMA/RTS Control that
capital invested, taxes, insurance, enables you to modify the level of service
obsolescence, and spoilage. Carrying cost is provided for individual line items on an RMA.
usually represented as a percent of the value
CHUI. See Character User Interface.
per unit of time, usually one year.
CIM. See Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Category. An item classification created by the
(CIM).
user.
CIM Data Loading. An automated process for
Cellular Manufacturing. A manufacturing
importing data, usually from non-QAD 2008 -
process that produces families of items within a
Standard application databases. CIM load
single line or cell of machines operated by
emulates entering data through the user
machinists who work only within the line or
interface (UI) and performs all UI validations.
cell.
CIM Interface. A program that imports
Change Management Records. Records that
transaction data from an external file or system
track pending changes made to EMT sales
and loads it into the QAD 2008 - Standard
orders during their life cycle. When a change is
application.
accepted or rejected, the record is deleted.
CIR. See Call Invoice Recording (CIR).
Changeover. The refitting of equipment to
neutralize the effects of just-completed Class. In Fixed Assets, classes group fixed
production, or to prepare for production of the assets with common characteristics such as:
next scheduled item. • GL accounts
Character User Interface. An interface that • Depreciation books
displays only keyboard characters on the • Service lives for calculating depreciation
screen rather than icons and forms. Sometimes • Depreciation methods
abbreviated as CUI or CHUI. Closed Loop MRP. A system for production
Charge Code. (1) In a service context, a code planning, control, and execution built around
used to determine payment responsibility for MRP, in which all functions are included in the
work recorded against a call. Usually, a single system and all provide feedback to keep the
charge code is defined for warranty, contract, resulting production plan valid. The plan is
covered, giveaway, billable, and fixed billable. then executed using MRP, shop floor control,
Sometimes an additional charge code is and purchasing. See Manufacturing Resource
defined for a particular project or service. Planning (MRP II).
(2) In Logistics Accounting, charge codes Closed Work Order. A work order for which
represent logistics charges incurred and products have been received into inventory and
payable to a third-party supplier when there are no outstanding component
purchasing or shipping items. requirements or labor time tickets.
Charge Product Line. The product line used
to provide non-sales related general ledger
account numbers for the cost of activity
recorded against a call.
Glossary 193
Consolidation Domain. Refers to the domain Control Accounts. An account that takes the
where consolidation takes place. This can be a place of individual accounts after they are
domain set up specifically for this purpose moved to the sub-ledger. It shows the debits
only, but this does not have to be the case. You and credits in summary form. The debits and
can use a domain that represents an active credits can be found in detail in the sub-ledger.
business operation in the database. When sub-ledgers are used, each amount is
posted twice: once to the sub-ledger and once
Consolidation Entry. An unposted GL entry
to the general ledger control account. The sum
created in the consolidated entity. The
of the individual account balances in the
consolidation entry imports the financial period
sub-ledger should be equal to the balance in the
activity of the subsidiary and parent entities to
GL control account.
the consolidated entity and translates the data
according to either the closing rate method or Control Programs. Programs defining how
temporal rate method. processing takes place within the system. Can
be as simple as maintaining the next customer
Consolidation Set. A way of identifying the
number or as complex as defining product
group of subsidiary entities with GL
allocation rules. Should be initialized before
transactions that need to be reported by a
using any module in the system.
parent entity. The system uses attributes of the
consolidation set to manage the GL Control Record Structures. In EDI
consolidation process. ECommerce, EC subsystem-dependent
exchange file definitions indicating:
Construction in Process Account. A GL
account used to track the purchase cost of a • How exchange file records are identified
fixed asset. during import or created during export.
• Which record in the exchange file and which
Consuming Destination. The point of usage positions in the record contain the trading
for a kanban-controlled item. partner and trading partner document IDs
retrieved during import or created during
Container. A packing item used to hold goods
export.
and subsets of other containers such as a box,
pallet, rack, or trailer. Controlled Substances. A set of control and
reporting functions for monitoring compliance
Container ID. A unique number assigned by
with regulatory agency requirements.
the system to a specific container for a specific
shipment. Controlling Hierarchy. In the GL Report
Writer, an analysis code used to produce a full
Containerization. A shipment method in
iteration of a report definition for each node in
which commodities are placed in containers,
a hierarchy.
and, after initial loading, are not rehandled
until unloaded at the destination. Conventions. A method for averaging
depreciation in the first and last year of a fixed
Contract Billing. The process of creating a
asset’s life. This is required because assets are
customer invoice based on an agreed-upon
not always acquired on the first day of the year
price for contract coverage.
or disposed of on the last day of the year. The
system supports the following conventions:
• Full Period
Glossary 195
order. A ratio of 1 means the work order is on Currency Translation. Restating a monetary
time. Less than 1 means the order is late. amount in a different currency. Also known as
Greater than 1 means the order is ahead of currency conversion.
schedule. Current Exchange Rate. The exchange rate in
CRP. See Capacity Requirements Plan (CRP). effect at reporting or transaction time, which is
used to convert the amount from the
CUI. See Character User Interface.
transaction currency to the base currency.
Cum Start. Cumulative Start Date. The date a
Custodian. Employees responsible for
scheduled order shipment began accumulating
tracking the location of fixed assets.
quantities.
Custom Table. Depreciation tables used as a
Cumulative Accounting. A method of
substitute for the standard depreciation
tracking shipments and receipts in which
methods when calculating depreciation.
trading partners maintain running totals of
Depreciation is calculated by specifying a
required and shipped/received quantities.
depreciation factor for each period and year of
Cumulative Lead Time. The longest possible the asset’s life.
length of time it takes to have an item/product
Customer Order. A request for a product or a
available if you start today with no components
number of products to be delivered by a
in stock or production. For any item planned
specified date. Often referred to as an actual
through MRP, lead time is found by reviewing
demand, as distinct from a forecast demand.
the lead time for each bill of material path
below the item, and taking the largest time. Customer Schedule. A cumulative, schedule-
driven sales order from a customer with
Cumulative Manufacturing Lead Time. The
multiple line items from which releases of
cumulative planned lead time when all
shipments are issued.
purchased items are assumed to be in stock.
Customer Services. A set of functions
Cumulative Order. An order accumulating
including the Project Realization Management
costs of repetitive production. Can be entered
module, used for creating and managing
manually, or created by the system whenever
installation projects, and the Service/Support
repetitive feedback is entered for an item and
Management module, used to track activities
site.
related to after-market service.
Currency Code. A code that identifies
Cycle. (1) The interval of time during which a
monetary units and forms the basis of exchange
system or process, such as a seasonal demand
rate relationships. Each database has one base
or a manufacturing operation, periodically
currency, but you can specify foreign
returns to similar initial conditions. (2) The
currencies during sales, purchasing, service,
interval of time when an event or set of events
and accounting transactions.
is completed.
Currency Conversion. Restating a monetary
Cycle Counting. A physical inventory
amount in a different currency. Also known as
technique where inventories are counted on a
currency translation.
periodic basis rather than once a year. Can be
taken when an item reaches its reorder point,
when new stock is received, or on a regular
Glossary 197
basis. High-value, fast-moving stock is NRM. The format is a compound string that
generally counted more frequently than low- allows for optional display of date components
value, slow-moving items. The most effective (year, month, week, day), including delimiters
cycle counting systems require counting of a between components; for example, 06:15:97.
certain number of items each workday. Each sequence can have one date-driven
segment, or none, but not more than one
Daybooks. Also known as journals. Method of
D grouping GL transactions for satisfying legal
reporting requirements or for organizing GL
Data File. An organized set of data records in a
reporting in a manner consistent with common
computer system.
business practices. Multiple daybooks can exist
Data Item. The smallest element of data in a at any time. Transactions can be grouped in
database. daybooks by transaction type and transaction-
Data Record. A collection of related data
document type.
items. DEA. U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency.
Data Record Structures. The records Debit and Credit Separation. Users can view
comprising each electronic business document debit and credit activity separately in the GL by
implemented in EDI ECommerce in a running Account Balance Inquiry (25.13.17),
standards neutral format (SNF). These record Account Balance Detail (25.15.2), and reports
definitions are used for both the exchange files generated by GL Report Writer (25.21).
and the document repository.
Declining Balance Switch to Straight Line.
Data Retrieval Code. In GL Report Writer, A declining-balance method that switches to
either an analysis code or a basic GL item the straight-line method when the depreciation
(account, sub-account, and so on) used to calculated by straight-line is greater than the
extract data from GL tables. Used in data rows, depreciation calculated by the declining-
actual or budget columns, and in report balance method. This method fully depreciates
records. A set of data retrieval codes, including the asset.
one of each GL type, constitutes a query
Declining-Balance Method. An accelerated
specification.
depreciation method that provides higher
Database. A collection of logically related depreciation charges in the earlier years of
tables and records. Each database can have asset life and lower depreciation charges in the
only one base currency, GL calendar, and chart later years. The annual depreciation is
of accounts. When a multiple database calculated by using a constant depreciation
environment is established, distributed percentage rate and multiplying it by the
functionality enables planning and execution remaining net book value each year of the
across databases. asset’s service life. This method does not
Date-Driven Segment. A displayed value in depreciate an asset to zero.
an NRM numbering sequence that depends on Default. Information used or action taken by
the transaction effective date or the fiscal the system if a user does not specify different
period corresponding to the effective date. The information.
effective date is supplied by the program using
198 User Guide — Introduction
Default Domain. The domain a user typically Dependent Demand. (1) Calculated demand,
works in. Each user is assigned a default not forecast, for component items and raw
domain that displays during log-in. materials that are directly related to production
of higher level assemblies or end products. (2)
Deferred Revenue. In deferred accounting,
In operations planning, refers to end-item
collected revenue is held in a deferred account
demands exploded from a family plan. For
and is posted periodically. Deferred revenue is
example, a family consists of end items A
a billing option for service contracts that are
(25% of family forecast) and B (75%). If the
billed at the beginning of the service duration.
family forecast is 100 cases, the dependent
Delete Event Key. Fields used to identify demand is 25 cases of A and 75 of B.
deleted records in the audit database. Initially,
Depreciable Asset. Tangible item of value
the primary index fields for each database table
used by a business to produce income that uses
are defined as delete event keys. Users can add
depreciation to allocate its cost to periods in its
additional keys as needed.
service life.
Delivery Schedule. The required and agreed
Depreciable Basis. Value used for calculating
time or rate of delivery of goods or services
depreciation as the depreciation base. The
purchased for a future period.
depreciable basis is the fixed-asset acquisition
Demand. A need for a product or a component. cost minus any salvage value.
Can come from a customer order, forecast, and
Depreciation. The allocation of a fixed asset’s
so on.
cost to periods in its service life. The system
Demand Pattern. Seasonal pattern of demand supports the following depreciation methods:
such as summer, fall, Christmas. • Straight Line
Demand Pull. The triggering of material • Declining Balance
movement to a work center only when that • Sum of the Years’ Digits
work center is ready to begin the next job. • Flat Rate
Denomination. A denomination of a currency • Units of Production
is a way of expressing that currency, while • Custom Table
retaining its link with the originating currency. Depreciation Book. Book used for tracking a
For example, during the transition to the euro, fixed asset’s depreciation. It can be the posting
the French franc was considered a book that posts to the GL.
denomination of the euro.
Depreciation Convention. See Conventions.
Departments. A grouping of work centers for
Derived Cross-Rates. An exchange rate that is
reporting, planning, and accounting. Every
work center must belong to exactly one derived from one or two other exchange rates.
department. CRP calculates capacity and load Derived Exchange Rate. An exchange rate
by department. Labor, burden, and cost of derived from the established rates of two
production are tracked in the general ledger by different currencies and a common third
department. currency, such as a union currency.
Glossary 199
Desktop. An interface that lets users access the Discount at Invoice. A practice in which tax is
QAD 2008 - Standard application using a Web based on sales or purchase amount minus credit
browser. The Desktop is designed for use over terms discounts. Discounts at invoice are
a company intranet or wide-area network. calculated at order entry.
Destination List. A list of application IDs Discount at Payment. A practice in which tax
registered with Q/LinQ that can be used for is based on sales or purchase amount minus
publishing, sending, and deleting or archiving credit terms discounts actually taken.
documents. Destination lists create only one Discounts at payment are calculated when
copy of a document for management and payments are received or generated.
storage, minimizing disk space and
Discrete. Constituting a separate, distinct item.
performance requirements.
Discrete Order Quantity. An order quantity
Detail Allocation. The act of reserving exact
that represents an integer number of periods of
items of inventory at a specific location by
demand. See also Lot for Lot (LFL).
specifying lot and/or serial numbers, expiration
dates, sites and/or locations. Dispatch List. (1) A listing of all
manufacturing orders by priority. Contains
Device. Any piece of hardware available to
information on priority, location, quantity, and
the computer, such as a disk or a printer.
capacity requirements of an order by operation.
Direct Delivery. One of two possible delivery Usually generated daily and sorted by work
methods using Enterprise Material Transfer center. (2) In kanban environments, a list used
(EMT). The supplier delivers goods directly to to move empty containers back to a supply
the end customer, bypassing the ordering source. See Kanban Dispatch List.
entity. The other is Transshipment.
Dispatcher. The individual who assigns calls
Direct Exchange Rate. An exchange rate to engineers. If paging is used, can notify an
explicitly defined between two currencies. engineer of an incoming call.
Direct Labor. Labor specifically applied to a Disposition Date. Date of permanent removal
product being manufactured or utilized in the of a depreciable asset from income producing
performance of a service. activity. This is often referred to as the
Retirement Date.
Direct Payments. Cash, checks, and wire
transfers sent by a customer. Disposition Reason. Reason for disposal of
an asset and required input at time of disposal.
Disassembly. Decomposition, separation, or
Reasons include sold, stolen, destroyed,
processing of an item into parts, pieces, or
donated, and impaired.
subunits that consist of co-products and by-
products. An example is the processing of meat Distribution Items. Typically, items that one
and poultry. site supplies to another site.
Disbursement. Physical issuance and
reporting of the movement of raw material,
components, or other items from a storage
room or warehouse.
200 User Guide — Introduction
Dunning Letter. A letter sent to a customer EDI. See Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
showing all open accounts receivable
EDI ECommerce. The EDI component of
transactions that meet selection criteria.
QAD Enterprise Applications.
Severity of language in each letter sent
typically increases with the length of time an EDIFACT. Electronic Data Interchange for
AR item is unpaid. Administration, Commerce, and Transport.
Generally used to refer to the set of
Dunning Level. Code used to determine the
international standards that were developed to
appropriate dunning letter to issue a customer.
enable EDI among businesses located in North
Tracks the number of letters that have been
America, Europe, and other geographic
sent to a customer and the number of times
regions. In 1987, the EDIFACT syntax
each AR item has been listed in the letters.
proposals were accepted by the ISO Technical
Dynamic Unpeg. The process in which peg Board and the number ISO 9735 was allotted.
quantities are unpegged from unconfirmed These standards are application,
shippers and pegged to ship lines on newly communications medium, and machine-
created shippers for the same order line independent.
number.
EEC. European Economic Community.
Effective Date. (1) The date when a
component or an operation is to be added or
E removed from a bill of material or assembly
EC. See Electronic Commerce (EC) process. (2) Used in the explosion process to
create demands for correct items. Normally,
EC Subsystem. Electronic commerce
bill of material and routing systems provide for
subsystem. Includes the software and hardware
an effectivity start date and stop date, for each
components required for EDI ECommerce to
relationship. Can be controlled by serial
exchange electronic business documents with
number rather than date. (3) The first date to be
trading partners. The software components of
used by a transaction. Also known as As Of
an EC subsystem commonly include data
Date or GL Effective Date. (4) The date used to
communications, document mapping and
select tax rates and price lists for a transaction.
translation, and document management
features such as acknowledgment, Effectivity Date. See Effective Date.
reconciliation, and archiving. Efficiency. The relationship between planned
ECCN. Export Control Classification Number. standard time and actual time charged to a task.
Calculated by dividing standard hours earned
ECN. See Engineering Change Notice (ECN).
by actual direct labor hours. May be more than
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). A demand 100%.
rate calculation used to balance total inventory
Electronic Business Document. A business
costs against order costs. A type of fixed-order
document, such as a purchase order or invoice,
quantity used to determine the optimal amount
represented in a machine-interpretable format
of an item to be purchased or manufactured at
defined according to international, national,
one time. The purpose of the calculation is to
industry, or proprietary standards.
minimize combined costs of acquiring and
carrying inventory.
202 User Guide — Introduction
Electronic Commerce (EC). The use of End User. A person who normally uses an
computer and telecommunication technologies item, requests maintenance for it, and reports
to conduct business. problems. Each sold-to customer can have
many end users.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). An
international protocol for electronically Ending Year. The last year of historical sales
transmitting documents such as purchase data analyzed by a forecast calculation.
orders, supplier schedules, sales orders,
End-Item Planning. Operations planning for
customer schedules, invoices, and advance ship
end items. Typically performed in the short- to
notices (ASNs) between trading partners. Also
medium-term horizon (zero to six months).
used by EMT to transfer messages between
Used to optimize global target inventory and
business units.
production levels, and to develop production
Electronic Signature Category. A QAD- schedules for supply sites and production lines.
provided definition of a set of data that can be For this, operations plans are developed and
signed as a unit in certain menu programs. maintained for every end item.
Electronic Signature Profile. A record that Engineer. In customer service functions, an
contains information that controls how individual who provides labor required to
electronic signatures are applied for a given complete a project or resolve a support call.
signature category. It includes list of programs
Engineer Schedule. A list indicating when an
that create signatures, a detailed list of tables
engineer is available to take calls. Includes
and fields included in the signed record, filters
days and hours worked, and availability on
that determine whether specific records are
holidays. An engineer can work from a master
subject to signatures, and fields that control
schedule or an individual schedule.
various aspects of the signature process.
Engineering Change Notice (ECN). A
Elimination Entries. Adjustments made in the
document tracking revision to a product
consolidating entity to support the concept that
structure, item list, or drawing authorized by an
the parent company and its subsidiaries are
engineering department. Usually has a control
viewed as a single economic entity. These
number and a stated reason, such as safety or
adjustments eliminate any problems caused by
cost reduction. Must be reviewed and agreed
transactions that have occurred between the
upon by all affected departments.
two separate legal entities.
Enterprise Material Transfer (EMT). The
EMT. See Enterprise Material Transfer (EMT).
automatic translation of sales orders or material
EMU. See European Monetary Union (EMU). orders into purchase orders and transmission to
the appropriate supplier using EDI
End Item. An item that is a final product in
ECommerce. EMT also manages and
itself, for which an order or independent
coordinates changes so that SO (or MO) and
requirement exists. Can be a component of a
PO information are synchronized. Multi-level
different end item. Also called a parent item. In
EMT manages orders across multiple levels
the item master table, designated by Purchase/
within an organization. Order changes made at
Manufacture codes blank, M, P, D, L, and W.
the top or bottom of the hierarchy are
transmitted up or down to the next level.
Glossary 203
Entity. (1) An independent unit for financial which does not meet the selection criteria,
reporting purposes. An entity generates a these countries have decided not to participate
separate balance sheet and income statement, in the initial phase of the single European
plans budgets, and is assessed for taxes. All GL currency program.
transactions are posted by entity. The primary
European Union (EU). The economic
entity is the default entity for GL transactions.
integration of European countries under a
There is no limit to the number of entities in a
single macroeconomic and fiscal policy.
database. (2) In relation to database
architecture, an entity is a single person, place, Evaluated Receipts Settlement (ERS).
or thing about which data can be stored. Method of recording a pending payment to a
supplier without a supplier invoice. Liabilities
Entity Relationship. A data modeling
to a supplier are recorded automatically, based
technique that creates a graphical
on quantities received at the unit price
representation of the entities, and the
established by you and the supplier in purchase
relationships between entities, within an
order agreements.
information system.
Exception Message. See Action Message.
EOQ. See Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).
Exception Reports. A report listing only items
ERS. See Evaluated Receipts Settlement
that deviate from the plan.
(ERS).
Exchange Files. Data files containing
EU. See European Union (EU).
electronic business documents passed between
Euro. The new European currency that the EC subsystem and EDI ECommerce. These
replaced all of the existing national currencies files are comprised of the control record
of participating member countries in the structures defined by the EC subsystem and the
European Monetary Union at the start of 1999. data record structures defined by ECommerce.
Euro Transparency. Concept that the euro can Exchange Rate. The rate at which money of
be accepted in place of a EMU national one country can be exchanged for money of
currency, and any EMU national currency can another country.
be accepted in place of the euro. Applies only
Exchange Rate Gain/Loss. The amount that
during the transition period while the national
the base currency value of an asset or liability,
currency is considered a denomination of the
denominated in a foreign currency, has
euro.
increased or decreased due to a fluctuation of
European Monetary Union (EMU). A subset exchange rates over time. There are two types
of EU countries that have replaced their of exchange rate gains and losses: unrealized
national currencies with a single currency, the and realized.
euro. Consists of: Austria, Belgium, Finland,
Expediter. The production control person in
France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
charge of expediting.
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain.
The remaining EU countries (Denmark, Expediting. Rushing a work or purchase order
Greece, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) through a production system to reduce normal
have not yet replaced their national currencies lead time.
with the euro. With the exception of Greece,
204 User Guide — Introduction
Expense. A non-inventory item consumed Fab Qty. Fabrication quantity. The maximum
during service of a call or execution of a quantity of an item a customer authorizes you
project. Examples include meals and travel to produce in anticipation of the customer's
costs for an engineer or technician. scheduled demand.
Explode. Demand for components of a parent Fabrication Authorization. Communication of
item calculated by multiplying parent item a customer to a supplier authorizing them to
requirements by component usage quantity fabricate items through a specified time period.
specified in a bill of material. Acts as the customer’s agreement to pay for all
items fabricated within the authorization
Explosion. See Explode.
horizon.
Exponential Smoothing. A forecasting
Family. A group of end items whose similarity
technique using a weighted moving average to
of design and manufacture facilitates aggregate
give the most recent sales data more weight.
planning and evaluation of sales performance
Should not be used for seasonal items.
and/or cost.
Export. To electronically render or disseminate
Family Hierarchy. A record defining the nature
information in a form other programs can use.
of demand relationships for a product family.
Extensible Markup Language (XML). A Defines end items and subfamilies, and
specification designed especially for Web percentage of total family sales forecast
documents that allows the definition, contributed by each. Also identifies marketing
transmission, validation, and interpretation of sites that generate sales forecasts. Resembles
data between applications and organizations. product structures (bills of material).
External Sequence. An NRM sequence Family Item. A planning item used with
number that is always supplied externally, family-level operations. Identifies groups of
typically entered by a user and validated by similar items differentiated only by size, color,
NRM. Never generated by the system. NRM packaging, or other minor characteristics. Has
verifies that the number belongs to the set an item Purchase/Manufacture code of F.
defined by the sequence and that it has not yet
Family Plan. An operations plan showing a
been used.
family item’s sales forecasts, target inventory
External Setup. The elements of a setup levels, and production demands for a planning
procedure performed while a process is horizon. Can be viewed from global and site
running. levels.
External Warehouse. A customer warehouse Family-Level Planning. Operations planning
where inventory is kept. for family items. Typically performed in the
long- to medium-term horizon (six months to
three years). Used to project long-term labor,
F equipment, and financial commitments, and to
develop long-term material procurement plans
Fab Auth Days. Fabrication authorization for negotiations with strategic suppliers.
days. The time period or authorization horizon
FAS. See Final Assembly Schedule (FAS).
during which a customer authorizes a supplier
to fabricate items.
Glossary 205
FASB. See Financial Accounting Standards Final Assembly Schedule (FAS). A schedule
Board (FASB) used in assemble-to-order environments. The
master production schedule (MPS) schedules
FCS. See Finite Capacity Scheduling (FCS).
options, models, and accessories. The FAS
FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. schedules product assembly. Quantities on the
Feature Group. In configured products, a way FAS cannot exceed quantities on the MPS. In
of organizing a set of related options and an FAS system, order entry must be fully
accessories. See also Accessory and Option. integrated.
Firm Planned Work Order. A planned order Flex Fence. In flow scheduling, a percentage
frozen in quantity and time that cannot be of the current schedule used as a tolerance to
changed by MRP. Can only be changed by the determine whether future schedule
planner. requirements are within a reasonable range of
the current schedule.
Fixed Asset. Tangible item of value used by a
business to produce income. Floor Stock. Inexpensive, easily replenished
components such as screws, usually stocked on
Fixed Exchange Rate. An exchange rate that
a factory floor and used as needed, without
cannot be changed between the time an order is
requisitions.
negotiated and the time its invoice is paid.
Flow Schedule. In lean manufacturing, a time-
Fixed Order Quantity (FOQ). A demand rate
phased statement of item production
lot sizing rule where a fixed quantity must be
requirements for a specific flow production
ordered. Although order quantity is
line at a given site, which may be associated
predetermined, the time period is variable. For
with existing work orders and demand orders.
example, 250 items is the fixed order quantity,
but can be ordered once a week or once a FOB. See Free on Board (FOB).
month.
Focused Factory. A plant that produces a
Fixed Price. (1) In SSM, used to denote an limited number of products and/or employs a
item repaired or serviced with a preset price, limited number of processes.
regardless of costs involved. (2) In other order
Follow-Up. Monitoring of a work order’s
functions such as sales and purchases,
progress to see if operations are performed and
determines whether prices are fixed or subject
materials are received on schedule.
to update due to inflation or commodity
pricing. Prices not fixed are subject to batch FOQ. See Fixed Order Quantity (FOQ).
update based on changes in price lists. Forecast. An estimate of future demand for an
Fixed Value Segment. Any printable character item at a particular site, stated in terms of
(except commas) used as part of an NRM quantity per week. Enables you to purchase or
sequence; for example, NY. Remains manufacture necessary products in appropriate
unchanged once established. quantities in advance. Created by mathematical
means using historical data.
Flat-Rate Method. Depreciation method that
calculates depreciation by using a constant Forecast Horizon. The time period covered by
percentage and multiplying it by the a forecast.
depreciable basis over the asset’s service life Forecast Interval. See Forecast Period.
until the sum of the depreciation is greater than
the basis amount. At this time, the final year of Forecast Method. Statistical techniques used
depreciation is adjusted so that the total of to calculate forecast. Identified by a two-digit
depreciation equals the basis amount. number. Methods 01-06 are predefined by the
system.
Forecast Period. The time unit for forecasts,
typically weeks, months, quarters, or years.
Glossary 207
Forecast Year. The year for which a forecast is Free on Board (FOB). Terms of a sale that
calculated. identify when title passes from a seller to a
buyer, and who pays shipping.
Forecasting. A business function that attempts
to predict sales and use of products so they can FRU. See Field Replaceable Unit (FRU).
be purchased or manufactured in appropriate
Full Pegging. The ability of a system to
quantities in advance.
automatically trace requirements for a given
Foreign Currency. Any currency other than component up to its ultimate end item,
the system base currency used by an entity in a customer, or contract number.
transaction.
Full-Period Convention. Depreciation
Foreign Currency Account. A GL account convention in which a full-period depreciation
denominated in a foreign currency. Transaction is calculated for the first period of the asset’s
currency amounts are held in the foreign life. No depreciation is calculated for the last
currency specified. period of the asset’s life. Depreciation is
calculated as if the asset was put into and taken
Foreign Currency Transaction. Any
out of service the first day of the month.
transaction denominated in a currency other
than the base currency. Full-Quarter Convention. Depreciation
convention in which a full-quarter depreciation
Format Positions. The headings for
is calculated for the first quarter of the asset’s
displaying and totaling groups of related
life. No depreciation is calculated for the last
accounts on income statements and balance
quarter of the asset’s life.
sheets. Also determine the order in which GL
accounts appear. Associated with either an Full-Year Convention. Depreciation
income statement or a balance sheet, but not convention in which a full-year depreciation is
both. taken regardless of the period that the asset was
put into service. No depreciation is calculated
Formula. Expression of ingredient usage as a
for the last year of the asset’s life.
quantity per batch or percent of batch. Can also
include processing instructions and ingredient Function Key. A key located above the
sequencing directions. alphabetic keyboard to which functions can
be assigned. For example, in the Windows UI,
Forward Scheduling. A technique for
F1 invokes field help.
scheduling work order operations forward from
an order release date to a date when more
capacity is available.
Four-Wall Location. Location within a
G
QAD Enterprise Applications site representing GAAP. See Generally Accepted Accounting
the external warehouse. See External Principles (GAAP).
Warehouse.
Gain on Disposal Account. A GL account
Frame. An area of a screen containing fields used to track gains from fixed-asset disposal.
and surrounded by a border. Usually fields in a
frame are for similar data.
208 User Guide — Introduction
Group. A set of users that share common Historic Exchange Rate. The exchange rate in
access requirements used to streamline security effect at the time of a transaction. This is
setup. recorded with the transaction amounts and
types of currency.
Group Technology. A system based on item
families where common processes are grouped
into manufacturing cells in a shop.
GTM. See Global Tax Management (GTM).
I
IC. See Inventory Control (IC).
GUI. See Graphical User Interface (GUI).
ID. An identification tag.
Implementation. The integration of a system
H into day-to-day operations. The system
implemented may be manual or computerized.
Half-Period Convention. Depreciation
convention in which a half-period depreciation Implementation Definition. EDI ECommerce
is calculated for the first and last period of the table definitions that define the formatting of a
asset life. particular electronic business document during
the import or export processes according to the
Half-Quarter Convention. Depreciation
trading partner document and application
convention in which a half-quarter depreciation
document requirements.
is calculated for the first and last quarter of the
asset’s life. Implementation Standard. A set of
programming guidelines that describes the
Half-Year Convention. Depreciation
correct use of general purpose programs
convention in which a half-year depreciation is
provided for an area of functionality.
calculated for the first and last year of the asset
life. See also Modified Half-Year Convention Import. To read a file created by another
(Version 1) and Modified Half-Year Convention program into a database.
(Version 2).
In-Process Inventory. See Work in Process
Hash Total. A mathematical value derived by (WIP).
an algorithm that uses cross-checks to ensure
In-Transit Inventory. Material moving
that two sets of data are identical. Often used to
between two or more locations, usually
verify the accuracy of financial data.
separated geographically; for example,
High-Water Mark. The maximum number of finished goods being shipped from a plant to a
users logged in to the QAD 2008 - Standard distribution center.
application or using an application that
In-Transit Lead Time. See Move Time.
connects to the QAD 2008 - Standard
application at a customer site during a given Inactive Inventory. Stock designated as in
period. excess of consumption within a defined period.
Also, stocks of items that have not been used
HIN. Health Industry Number.
for a defined period.
210 User Guide — Introduction
Inbound Logistics Charge. A cost incurred Indirect Labor. Work necessary to support
and payable to a third-party supplier for the production but unrelated to production of a
transportation of purchased items from an specific item or product.
external supplier to a company location.
Infinite Loading. Reporting all work awaiting
Included Tax. A tax already included in an a work center regardless of the capacity of the
item or trailer charge amount. work center to perform the work.
Inco Terms. Terms of trade defined by the Ingredients. The composition of an item. An
International Chamber of Commerce and used ingredient list is a source document for
in international contracts. See Terms of Trade. nutritional or product labeling information.
Income Statement. A financial report showing Input/Output Control. A technique for
the profit (or loss) business activities have capacity control where actual output from a
generated in a specified time period. work center is compared with output planned
by capacity requirements planning. Input must
Incrementing Segment. Part of an NRM
also correspond to plan and be adequate for a
sequence that defines a range of values, with a
work center to meet its capacity requirements.
lower and upper bound and an initial and reset
value. Each sequence must have one and only Inspection. The process of examining items or
one incrementing segment. products for conformity to specifications.
Indented Product Structure. A form of Inspection Lead Time. The normal or average
multilevel product structure where the highest number of working days needed to inspect an
level assembly is shown on the left margin, and item after it is received in an inspection area.
subassemblies are indented to the right. If a
Installed Base (ISB). The records of all items
component is used in more than one
sold to customers who may be involved in
subassembly, it is listed with each one.
future interactions with your company. Items in
Indented Where-Used. A listing of all parent the installed base may or may not be under
items. Shows respective quantities required for warranty or service contracts.
each, continuing until the ultimate end item or
Installed Base Item. Items actually existing in
level 0 item is referenced. The component item
the installed base, owned by customers and
is shown closest to the left margin of the
used by end users. An item does not have to be
listing, with each parent indented to the right,
an installed item to be entered in the installed
and each respective parent indented even
base. This is useful in situations where items
further to the right.
not sold by your company are part of an item’s
Independent Demand. Demand unrelated to configuration.
demand for other products.
Installed Base Record. A record consisting of
Indirect Exchange Rate. An exchange rate an item linked to an end user. The end user is
derived from the established rates of two always connected to the customer who
different currencies and a common third received the item currently in the user’s
currency, such as a union currency. possession.
Glossary 211
JIT. See Just in Time (JIT). Kanban Card. Card printed and placed on
container in a kanban-controlled production
Job. A sales order generated by a shop. May environment.
include one or more work orders. A sales/job
number is used to group costs. Kanban Dispatch List. A list used to move
groups of empty kanban containers back to a
Job Order Costing. A costing system where supplying source for replenishment.
costs are charged to specific sales/job numbers.
Can be used with either actual or standard costs Kanban Loop. Flow of kanban-controlled
in the manufacture of discrete items or product material from supplying site and location to
lots. consuming site and location. When received at
the consuming site, a new kanban card is
Job Shop. A functional organization where requested from the supplying site.
work centers and departments are organized
around particular types of equipment or Kanban Sizing. The process of determining
operations, such as drilling, forging, or the number of Kanban cards or items per
assembly. Products flow through departments container required to manage production.
in batches of stock or customer orders. Sizing is based on demand calculations
performed previously.
Join. A relation between data in two or more
tables expressed through fields that the tables Key Item. An item for which there must be
have in common. sufficient quantity on hand for a work order to
be released and a picklist printed.
Joint Order Set. A set of work orders
consisting of one work order for a base process Key Resource. Anything that can limit
and additional work orders for each of its co- production capacity and cannot be easily
products and by-products. These work orders increased, such as available funds, critical
share the same work order number, but have machines, floor space.
different work order IDs. Key Work Center. A work center that is
Just in Time (JIT). A technique designed to crucial to the manufacture of a product. If work
result in minimum inventory by delivering the does not flow through this work center, a
right items to the right place at the right time, bottleneck is created.
all the time.
214 User Guide — Introduction
Line Allocation. A record defining how an Load Profile. See Resource Bill.
item’s production demands are distributed
Loading Method. A method of breaking down
between production lines at a supply site.
monthly forecasts into weekly buckets when
Linearity. In flow scheduling, the relationship loading forecasts into the summary detail table
between planned production and actual used by MRP.
production, viewed over time.
Local Variable. A variable, created with
Line Charge. Additional fees imposed on a Progress syntax, to contain the relationship or
line item. This includes any type of charge at derived value from one or more fields in one or
the line-item level, such as painting, polishing, more tables. For example, a local variable can
setup, handling fees, or special order fees such contain a total derived from the quantity and
as hazardous material handling charges. the unit price.
Line Item. An item on a sales or purchase Location. (1) Areas of a site where inventory
order. is stored, used, or shipped. Location
parameters identify what can be stored and
Line Utilization Percentage. A projected
how it can be used. Every inventory transaction
consumption of available production line
must have a site and location. The same
capacity by production due demands in an
locations can exist at more than one site. This
operations plan. Defined as Line Production
is recommended for multisite processing.
Due Qty ÷ Weekly Line Capacity, where Line
Capacity is Available Shift Hours * Line (2) For Fixed Assets, the accounting location
Production Rate. and entity for the fixed asset. There is no
connection between the fixed-asset location
Link-To. An association between an analysis and inventory location.
code and either a GL element or another
(3) For license registration, a location is a
analysis code. Link-tos create multitiered
physical site, facility, or address where
hierarchies for reporting in the GL Report
significant manufacturing, distribution or
Writer.
information processing activities occur.
List Price Limit. A ceiling on the price of
Location License. A license type that defines
individual items covered by a service type or
a predefined number of locations for specific
contract. When a list price limit is specified
applications.
and the price of an item exceeds this amount in
Call Activity Recording, the price is not Location Type. Code that identifies special
covered even if limits have not yet been storage requirements of an item, such as
consumed. An over-limit charge code is flammable, humidity controlled, outside, and
suggested by the system. so on.
Load. The amount of scheduled work for a Logistics Charge. A cost associated with the
work center or resource. Usually measured in transportation of goods in and out of company
hours or pieces. locations and payable to a third-party supplier.
Load Hours. Setup and run times for each Logistics Supplier. A third-party supplier of
operation. services associated with the transportation of
goods.
216 User Guide — Introduction
Look-Up Browse. A simple browse that lists Lower-Level Costs. The cost category
values for selection and that does not support representing a cost added at prior stages of
graphing, filtering, and printing. Contrast with manufacturing. Lower-level material costs
Drill Down. include the cost of all purchased materials used
in the final product and any subassemblies.
Loss on Disposal Account. A GL account
Lower-level labor, burden, and subcontract are
used to track losses from fixed-asset disposal.
developed from the cost of producing lower-
Lot. A batch or part of a batch having uniform level subassemblies.
character and quality within specified limits.
Or, in the case of a pharmaceutical produced by
a continuous process, a specific identified
amount produced in a unit of time or quantity,
M
and in a manner that assures uniform character Machine Burden. Overhead cost based on the
and quality within specified limits. See number of hours a machine is in use—both
Receiving Site Lot Number and Supplier Lot while it is being set up and while products are
Number. being run.
Lot for Lot (LFL). A lot sizing technique in Machine Center. See Work Center.
MRP where order quantity equals net
Maintenance Contract. A contract that
requirement.
includes a number of scheduled visits by an
Lot Number. A unique combination of letters engineer to ensure that equipment remains in
and/or numbers identifying a discrete group of good working order. See Preventive
items in an inventory location. Maintenance (PM).
Lot Reference. Identifier for a subset of items Major Setup. Equipment setup and related
within a lot. May reflect your production activities required to manufacture a group of
process. For example, when a lot includes too items in sequence, exclusive of the setup
many items for one container, lot reference can required for each item in the group.
identify items in each.
Make to Order. To manufacture a product to
Lot Sizing. Techniques for determining lot customer specification with little or no
size during MRP calculations. Most common stocking of raw material. Long lead-time
are Lot for Lot (LFL), Period Order Quantity components are sometimes planned prior to
(POQ), Fixed Order Quantity (FOQ), and receiving an order to reduce delivery time to
One-Time Only (OTO). customers.
Low-Level Code. The lowest level in a product Make to Stock. To manufacture a product
structure (BOM) at which a particular based on forecasts or other methods, prior to
component can appear. Net requirements for an receiving a customer order. Shipped off the
item are not calculated until gross requirements shelf from finished goods.
are calculated down to that level. Normally
Manual Checks. Handwritten payments
calculated and maintained automatically by the
transferred by bank or in person.
system.
Glossary 217
meet changing demand and maintain valid due Menu. A list of available submenus and
dates. MRP requires a source of demand, programs.
product structures and routings, accurate Menu Substitution. Replacing one program
inventory balances, and planning data. with another on the menu. For example, you
Material Usage Variance. The difference can set up the menu so that when users select
between quantity required of a component and a particular program, they get a customized
quantity actually issued. version of it instead of the one delivered with
the product.
Maximum Order Quantity. An order quantity
modifier applied after a lot size is calculated Merge RSS. A program merging open
that limits order quantity to a predetermined requirements in an active required ship
maximum. schedule (RSS) to a new active RSS using
Required Ship Schedule Update and Selective
Maximum Taxable Base. The maximum
Required Ship Schedule Update. See Required
transaction amount subject to tax rate.
Ship Schedule (RSS).
Maximum Weeks of Coverage. An item’s
Meter. Measures the usage of a fixed asset.
maximum allowable global inventory coverage
Used by the units-of-production depreciation
level. Affects either family plans or operations
method.
plans, depending on when target inventory
levels are calculated. When you increase an Method Variance. Unexplained variance. Any
item’s production due quantity, a plus sign (+) amount left in WIP at the end of work order or
alerts you to potential inventory surpluses. cumulative order accounting calculations.
Member Currency. Identifies a national Minimum Inventory. The planned minimum
currency that has joined a monetary union, allowable inventory for an independent
such as the EMU. Applies only during the demand item.
transition period. An example of a member Minimum Order Quantity. An order quantity
currency was the French franc. During modifier applied after a lot size is calculated
transition to the euro, member currencies are that increases order quantity to a predetermined
denominations of the union currency at a fixed minimum.
exchange rate.
Minimum Taxable Base. The minimum
Memo Entry. An entry made to the GL that is
transaction amount subject to a tax rate.
posted to memo accounts. A memo account is
used to record and report reference Minimum Weeks of Coverage. An item’s
information. Amounts posted to memo minimum allowable global inventory coverage
accounts print on financial statements, but are level. Affects either family plans or operations
not included in any totals or calculations. plans, depending on when target inventory
levels are calculated. When you decrease an
Memo Item. A non-inventory item not found in
item’s production due quantity, a minus sign
the item master table or considered by MRP. (–) alerts you to potential inventory shortages.
Shipping or receiving memo items does not
affect inventory or create GL transactions. Minor Setup. Incremental setup activities
required when changing from one item to
another within a group of items.
Glossary 219
• Demand for one of multiple co-products Net Change MRP. Method that replans items
results in initiation of a process producing that have had changes in supply or demand
all the multiple co-products. since the last MRP run.
• Multiple co-products represented by items
Net Forecast. The amount of forecast not sold
having BOM/formula codes that reference
the same base process. in a given week.
Multiple Order Quantity. An order quantity Net Requirements. Gross requirements for an
modifier applied after a lot size is calculated. item or product less quantity-on-hand.
Forces order quantity to be predetermined or a .NET User Interface. A common UI
multiple of that quantity. For example, if framework for multiple QAD applications.
multiple order quantity is 5, an order can be Because the UI is based on Microsoft .NET
placed for 5, 10, 15, or any other multiple of 5. technology, it incorporates familiar UI
Multiple Time Zones (MTZ). A Manager metaphors, reducing the need for users to learn
Functions feature that supports the definition of how to navigate QAD applications.
various time zones and loading sample time Net Weight. The item weight per unit after
zone data. Also, an optional feature of SSM deduction of tare weight.
enabling the system to present call dates and
times from the point of view of a call’s end Nettable. An inventory status attribute that
user. When enabled, users of SSM in diverse determines whether MRP includes items in its
geographical locations can view times relative planning.
to their own time zones. Netting. Calculating net requirements by
subtracting quantity-on-hand from gross
requirements.
N Netting Logic. The way in which the system
NAFTA. North American Free Trade calculates a required shipping schedule. There
Agreement. are four options.
• If 1, only shipping schedules are used.
Named User. A person or operated device
• If 2, only planning schedules are used.
authorized to use the QAD 2008 - Standard
application and logged into a QAD 2008 - • If 3, planning and shipping schedules are
combined, with the shipping schedule taking
Standard application database at the customer
precedence where schedules overlap
site. Contrast with Concurrent Session or (replace logic).
Location License.
• If 4, planning and shipping schedules are
NDC. National Drug Code. combined, with the greater of the shipping
or planning schedule taking precedence
Need Date. The date items must be available where schedules overlap (consume logic).
for shipping or for issuing to manufacturing.
Equals due date plus inspection lead time, if Next-Period Convention. A depreciation
any. convention in which a full period depreciation
is calculated for the period following the period
Net Book Value. Fixed-asset acquisition cost that the asset was placed into service. A full
minus accumulated depreciation. period depreciation is taken in the last period of
the asset’s life.
Glossary 221
Node. Item number or customer number linked Notification List. List of people to be advised
to an analysis code used in the best pricing when a change managed within the Product
model for sales quotes and orders and RMA Change Control module is routed and/or
issues. approved. Attached to the approval routing.
Non-Accelerated Depreciation. Depreciation NRM. See Number Range Management
methods that divide the amount of depreciation (NRM).
equally over the life of the asset. An example is
N-Tier Architecture. Computer architecture in
the straight-line method.
which applications are distributed across
Non-AR Payments. Payments such as tax multiple, or n, systems. A three-tier
refunds or rebates that do not originate as a architecture is one where user interface
result of customer sales. components are on a user’s client machine,
business components are on an application
Non-Depreciable Assets. Assets that have
server, and the database is on a separate data
characteristics of a fixed asset, but cannot be
server.
depreciated. Generally, these assets include:
• Property placed in service and disposed of in Number Range Management (NRM).
the same taxable year Function that supports regulatory controlled
• Tangible property including land, inventory, document numbering. NRM includes the
rented property, and term interest in property content and sequencing of a numeric series, as
• Intangible property including goodwill, well as preventing gaps in a series.
trademarks, and trade names
Non-Inventory Items. See Memo Item.
Non-Monetary Assets and Liabilities. Assets
O
and liabilities that are not readily convertible to Object ID (OID). A means of uniquely
cash such as items that will be used in the identifying a database record. In , OIDs are
future production and sale of goods and decimal values based on a date/time stamp and
services. An example of a non-monetary asset sequence number on the left of the decimal.
is inventory. The right side of the decimal is a registration
Non-Productive Labor. Labor costs for time value based on the OID Generator Code
spent in non-production activities such as specified in Database Control (36.24).
preventive maintenance, cleanup, or down ODETTE. Organization for Data Exchange by
time. Teletransmission in Europe. The primary
Non-Significant Item Number. An item standards organization for automotive EDI in
number that identifies but does not describe an Europe.
item. Offset. Time, in months, between start of
Normal Distribution. A statistical distribution production and date a resource is needed.
that is unimodal (observations close to one On-Call Schedule. An engineer schedule
mean) and symmetrical (deviation is as likely created to cover nights, weekends, and
to be plus as minus). Forms a bell-shaped curve holidays.
when graphed.
222 User Guide — Introduction
One-Time Only (OTO). A lot-sizing technique parent items scrapped earlier in the
that produces an order only once, based on the manufacturing process require fewer
due date of the first item required. Used for component items for subsequent
projects such as creating an engineering manufacturing operation processes.
drawing that occur only once in the
Operation/Process Yield. The ratio of usable
manufacturing of a product.
output from a process, process stage, or
Open Order. An active manufacturing order, operation to input quantity, usually expressed
purchase order, or unfilled customer order. as a percentage.
Operating System (OS). Software that allows Operations Plan. A plan showing an end
a computer, terminal, printer, and storage item’s sales forecasts, target inventory levels,
device to work together efficiently. Examples and production demands for the planning
are Windows and UNIX. horizon. Can be viewed from global, site, and
Operation. A single job or task performed as
production line levels.
part of a work order. All operations required to Operations Planning. A mechanism for
manufacture an item constitute a routing. planning global replenishment from supply
Operation Number. A number indicating the
sites based on demand and desired inventory
order in which operations are performed in a levels from marketing sites. Strives to simplify
routing. factory production planning by combining
demand from multiple sites. Enables you to
Operation Priority. A scheduled due date and/ allocate production across multiple production
or start date of a specific operation of a specific sites. Supports monitoring of actual sales,
job, usually as determined by a back- production, and inventory against targets.
scheduling process. Maximizes labor, equipment, and other assets.
Operation Reporting. The recording and Operations Sequence. Ordered steps for
reporting of every manufacturing (shop order) processing an item or assembly in a
operation occurrence on an operation-to- manufacturing system. Usually defined on a
operation basis. route sheet.
Operation Start Date. The date by which an Optimized Schedule. A production schedule
operation must be started to be finished by the that operates within the material and capacity
order due date. Calculated using scheduled constraints on an enterprise to best meet a set
quantities and lead times (queue, setup, run, of predefined business objectives. Optimized
move), or using work and time remaining to schedules are produced using advanced
complete the job. planning and scheduling (APS) systems.
Operation Time. Setup time plus run time. Option. For configured products, a choice
Operation-Based Yield. A technique for between two or more versions of a required
determining component item requirements. Op component, such as the choice of engine size
Based Yield uses the yield percentage of the for a car.
item’s routing information to determine if Order. A contract with a supplier for items to
be delivered on specified dates. States who is
involved, terms, tax data, and shipping costs.
Glossary 223
Order Entry. Acceptance and translation of a OTO. See One-Time Only (OTO).
customer order into terms used by the
Outbound Logistics Charge. A cost incurred
manufacturer. Can range from processing
and payable to a third-party supplier for the
shipping documents for finished goods to
transportation of goods from a company
creating engineering documents for make-to-
location to a customer or to another company
order items.
location.
Order Modifiers. Item characteristics such as
Outside Shop. A vendor. Used to convey the
order quantity, order policy, order period, order
idea of a vendor as an extension of a shop,
minimum, and order multiple.
typically in subcontracting operations.
Order Point. See Reorder Point.
Overhead. Costs incurred in operation of a
Order Policy. Method of specifying the business not directly related to products or
number and size of each MRP planned order. services produced. Distributed to units of
There are five types: product using a standard method such as direct
• Period Order Quantity (POQ). Generates labor hours.
planned orders to cover demands during a Overissue. Removal from stock and
specified order period.
assignment to a schedule of a quantity higher
• Fixed Order Quantity (FOQ). Generates than scheduled quantity.
planned orders equal to order quantity.
• Lot for Lot (LFL). Generates a planned order Override Depreciation. The amount of
to satisfy each demand. depreciation previously taken in another
• One-Time Only (OTO). Prototype items that fixed-assets system.
MRP orders only once.
• Blank. Ignored by MRP.
Order Quantity Modifier. Adjustment to lot P
sizing rules due to special considerations. Packing List. See Picklist.
Examples are maximum order quantity,
minimum order quantity, and multiple order Packing Slip. A document included with a
quantity. shipment that itemizes and details the contents.
Order Status. A code indicating whether an Pallet. A portable platform used to store and
item or order is open, canceled, or closed. transport inventory. Some companies group
items by pallet for operations planning.
Orders Plan. A plan projecting how many
sales orders will be booked each month for a PAO. See Project Activity Order (PAO).
given product line at a given site. Records the PAR. See Project Activity Recording (PAR).
actual number booked for comparison.
Parent. See Parent Entity and Parent Item.
Originating Entry. Any entry that increases the
value of a sub-ledger account. For example, Parent Entity. A company that owns a
posting an invoice is an originating entry majority of the voting stock for another
because it increases the value of Accounts company, known as a subsidiary. Each
Receivable. subsidiary exists as a separate, legal entity.
However, the two companies function as a
OS. See Operating System (OS).
224 User Guide — Introduction
retaining the ability to net against occasional Planned Work Orders. A suggested order
inventories of the item. Facilitates the use of quantity, release date, and due date created by
common bills of material for engineering and MRP processing when it encounters net
manufacturing. requirements. Only generated outside an item's
time fence. Must be approved by the master
Phantom Hierarchies. A tax reporting method
planner to become firm planned orders in the
in which one zone is an alias for another zone
master production schedule.
at the same level, and reporting is done only for
the alias. Planning Horizon. A period of time, in
calendar days, over which MRP is to plan.
Physical Inventory. (1) Actual inventory. (2)
MRP only processes material requirements
An actual count of inventory. Can be taken on a
within this horizon.
continuous, periodic, or annual basis.
Planning Product Structure. A product
Picking. Removing items from stock to fill a
structure used for planning, usually to forecast
work order or customer order.
percent of demand for options and accessories.
Picklist. A document that lists material to be
Planning Schedule. A schedule used for
picked for manufacturing or shipping orders. In
moderate or long-term planning of production,
distribution functions, known as a Pre-shipper.
materials, and resources. Shows weekly/
Pipeline Stock. Inventory to fill a monthly quantities and dates, and covers a time
transportation network and distribution system, horizon from the present out 2–6 months.
including the flow through intermediate
PM. See Preventive Maintenance (PM).
stocking points. Flow time through the pipeline
has a major effect on the amount of inventory PO. See Purchase Order (PO).
required in the pipeline. Time factors include POQ. See Period Order Quantity (POQ).
orders transmission, order processing,
shipping, transportation, receiving, stocking, Postal Code. Identifier for a postal district.
and review time. Called a ZIP code in the U.S. You can set up
tax zones by postal code whenever tax types or
Plan SDP Code. Planning Ship/Delivery
tax rates vary within a city.
Pattern Code. A code specifying the days of the
week or month when shipments or deliveries Posting. Transfer of debit and credit amounts
are accepted by a customer. to the general ledger.
Plan SDT Code. Planning Ship/Delivery Time Pre-shipper. A preliminary and temporary
Code. A code specifying the time of day when shipper created either automatically from
shipments or deliveries are accepted by a detailed allocation, or manually using Pre-
customer. Shipper/Shipper Workbench. Formerly referred
to as Picklist.
Planned Load. Standard hours of work
required by MRP planned production orders. Preventive Maintenance (PM). Actions taken
to keep an item in a specified operating
condition by performing service at regular
intervals.
226 User Guide — Introduction
Price List. A price structure defining specific Product Change Order (PCO). A change
prices, discounts, and markups at different document that details changes to a production
quantity levels. Can be stated in terms of process and is moved through a defined
company base currency or any other currency. approval sequence before updating production
tables.
Primary Business Unit (PBU). In EMT, the
organization in a supply chain that processes Product Change Request (PCR). A change
the original customer order. document similar to a product change order,
but with a shorter life cycle. Never affects
Primary Domain. A domain associated with
production. Once approved, is either closed or
the current database.
converted into a PCO for further work.
Prior Cum Date. Prior Cumulative Date. The
Product Life Cycle. (1) The stages a new
up to and through date of a prior cumulative
product idea goes through. (2) The time from
required quantity.
initial research and development to the time
Prior Cum Req. Prior Cumulative Required. sales and support of the product to customers
The total quantity required prior to the date of are withdrawn. (3) The time during which a
release. product can be produced and marketed
Priority Rules. Method used by a dispatcher profitably.
and production supervisor to rank work orders. Product Line. Similar items or products
Examples are critical ratio and operation due grouped for accounting and planning purposes.
date. Every item must belong to only one product
PRM. See Project Realization Management line. For operations planning, can identify
(PRM). items planned as a group due to similarity of
manufacturing processes, sales channels, or
Process. A systematic sequence of steps other characteristics.
producing a specified result.
Product Line Plan. A plan of sales, shipments,
Process Manufacturing. Production that adds and production for a group of items classified
value by mixing, separating, forming, and/or as a product line.
using chemical reactions. May be done in batch
or continuous mode. Product Line Resource Bill. The amount of a
resource required to produce one unit of a
Product. Any commodity produced for sale. production plan.
End items and replacement items are products.
Product Load Profile. See Bill of Resources.
Product Change Control (PCC). A module
that lets you make changes to item data, Product Number. See Item Number.
product structures, routings, formulas, Product Structure. A method of identifying
processes, and item specifications in a all raw materials, components, and
controlled environment without affecting subassemblies in a product. Recorded as a
production processes. single-level relationship between a parent item
and component, product structures determine
when and how many component items are
needed. Also called a bill of material (BOM),
parts list, or formula.
Glossary 227
Production Control. Directing and regulating Project. In PRM, a series of installation tasks
the movement of goods through the that require items, labor, and expenses to
manufacturing cycle, from requisition of raw complete. Projects are delivered to designated
material to delivery of a finished product. customers in one or more steps over time.
Production Due. An item’s production Project Activity Order (PAO). In PRM, a
requirement. At global and site levels, group of related project activities that are
calculated as (Sales Forecast + Target managed and completed together as a unit of
Inventory) – Previous Week’s Projected QOH. work.
Production Forecast. A predicted level of Project Activity Recording (PAR). The
customer demand for an option or feature of an recording of actual time, materials, and
assemble-to-order or finished-to-order product. expenses consumed in executing a PRM
Calculated by netting customer backlog against project.
MPS for a family or product line. A product’s
Project Codes. Optional component of an
available to promise quantity is then factored
account number defined in GL setup functions.
based on the option percentage in the planning
Other components are account, sub-account,
product structure.
and cost center. Project codes are not available
Production Line. A set of production for all GL transactions. Inventory value, but
equipment dedicated to a particular item or not physical inventory, can be tracked by
family of items. Production lines are used in project codes.
operations planning and repetitive and flow
Project Location. An inventory location
scheduling environments.
where items are stored before they are
Production Plan. A projection of how much of consumed by a PRM project.
a given product line will be produced each
Project Realization Management (PRM). A
month at a given site; also records actual
module that provides features for recording and
amount produced for comparison. The key
managing complex installation tasks that
input into MPS and resource planning.
require items, labor, and expenses to complete.
Profit Margin. The difference between PRM provides features for creating projects,
production cost and sales price. tracking their activity, and generating invoices.
Program Name. The technical program name, Project Sub-ledger. In PRM, a set of fields for
as opposed to the description that appears tracking quantities and costs related to project
in the title bar. For example, Customer components.
Maintenance is the description of a program
Projected on Hand. In MRP, an inventory
called adcsmt.p.
balance projected into the future. The running
Progress. A database. Also a programming sum of on-hand inventory minus gross
language for accessing data in a database. requirements, plus scheduled receipts.
Progress Status Bar. An area at the bottom of
the screen containing information on available
options. Also called status bar.
228 User Guide — Introduction
Realized Exchange Rate Gain/Loss. The distribution of a batch or lot of drug product or
amount that the base currency value of an asset other material can be determined. Defined,
or liability, denominated in a foreign currency, maintained, and recorded by the receiving site.
has increased or decreased due to a fluctuation See Supplier Lot Number.
of exchange rates over time. Realized gains or
Recipe. See Formula.
losses occur at the time of settlement or when
the risk of exchange rate fluctuation is Reciprocal Exchange Rates. A separate
eliminated. exchange rate calculated as the inverse of an
existing exchange rate relationship. For
Reason Code. A code used to categorize
example, if the exchange rate of the euro
activities based on their cause. Reason codes
(EUR) to the Mexican Peso (PES) is defined as
are associated with a type. Predefined types—
2.23456 EUR: 1 PES, the reciprocal exchange
including Quote, Down, Downtime, Reject,
rate (PES to EUR) is calculated as: 1 divided
Rework, Scrap, and Ord_Chg—are used by
by 2.23456, or .447515 PES: 1 EUR.
functions in modules such as Sales Quotes,
Repetitive, Advanced Repetitive, Shop Floor Record. Related data items treated as a unit.
Control, and Sales Orders/Invoices. Other Usually accessed by a unique code.
types can be created as needed. In the Product Recoverable Tax. A tax paid on purchases that
Change Control module, reason codes are user is offset against tax collected on sales.
defined and specify severity levels related to Common in VAT countries.
the approval process.
Recyclable By-product. A product that can be
Receipt. (1) Physical acceptance of an item
reintroduced into the process that created it or
into a stocking location. (2) A transaction into higher- or lower-level processes within
recording this activity. any product structure/formula hierarchy.
Receivable. A financial claim against another Technically, by-products should be defined as
business or individual. components with negative quantities or
percentages, not as part of a co-product/by-
Receiver. A record that goods have been
product relationship.
received into inventory. Updates inventory
balances, and allows Accounts Payable to Reference. See Lot Reference and Installed
verify quantities and prices against the Base Reference Number.
purchase order before paying. Reference Date. An attribute of an Intrastat
Receiving. Physical receipt of material. history record stating when the record is to be
Includes checking a purchase order against a reported. The main criterion in selecting
receipt document, delivery to the proper history records for inclusion in an Intrastat
destination, and completion of receiving declaration.
reports. Refurbish. To clean and replace worn parts in
Receiving Site Lot Number. Any distinctive an assembly.
combination of letters, numbers, or symbols
from which a complete history of the
manufacture, processing, packing, holding, and
Glossary 231
Regenerative MRP. An MRP process that re- Repair Parts. Individual parts or assemblies
explodes MRP planned items down through all required for maintenance or repair of
bills of material, creating a completely new equipment. Can be repairable or non-repairable
material plan. Maintains all valid priorities and assemblies or one-piece items. Does not
synchronizes all plans. include consumable supplies such as solvents
or lubricants.
Register Value. To make a permanent record
indicating that a given NRM sequence number, Repetitive. The production of discrete units,
within the set defined by a sequence, has been planned and executed to a schedule, usually at
used. Once registered, a sequence number relatively high speeds and volumes. Material
cannot be used again. tends to move in a continuous flow during
production, but different items can be produced
Regressive Tax. A tax that includes the tax
sequentially within the flow.
amount as part of a transaction taxable base.
Repetitive Schedule. A response to a
Rejected Item. An item not meeting quality
manually entered demand or an MRP-
requirements and, therefore, not able to be
generated demand for materials. Indicates how
moved to the next operation. Can be treated as
much production of a certain item is planned
scrap, a rework item, or if purchased, a return.
for each day at a particular production line and
Release. A schedule based on a scheduled site. Used to control and monitor the progress
order. and cost of manufacturing.
Release Date. The date an order is scheduled Replacement Value. Amount to replace a
to be released to the shop floor. fixed asset. Used for management purposes,
Release ID Number. A sequential number primarily in estimating budget or insurance
identifying a released schedule. requirements. Not used for calculating
depreciation.
Release Management. A combination of
processes for managing the regular exchange Replenishment Time. Total time between
of information among customers and suppliers. recognizing that a product should be reordered
This information is used to coordinate a and having the product supply available for
customer’s manufacturing activities and use. Represents the maximum turnaround time
demand for material with a supplier’s between supplying and consuming sites.
manufacturing activities and shipments of Report. A number input by an engineer or
material. assigned by the system during CAR
Released Order. An active work order. representing a service report document from
the engineer listing all labor, parts, and
Reorder Point. A level of inventory that expenses consumed on a call.
signals the need to reorder. Usually calculated
by adding safety stock quantity to expected Report Record. In GL Report Writer, the
usage during lead time. report title, format, row groups, and column
groups used in a report.
Reporting Currency. The currency that
financial data is translated in, for the purpose
of producing financial reports.
232 User Guide — Introduction
Reporting Zone. A tax zone for which Resource Load. Demand placed on a resource
separate tax reports are required. by a production plan. Calculated by
multiplying product forecast from a production
Repository. A database that stores persistent
line plan by resource requirements.
data. The place where component
specifications reside. Resource Requirements Planning. The
calculation of resource load. Uses demand
Repository Document. An electronic business
from production plan and master schedule. Can
document as represented in the EDI
then be compared to capacity of each resource.
ECommerce data tables in one of a number of
well-defined states of transformation between Response Time. The average delay between
trading partner and application document initiation of a call and its resolution.
requirements.
Retained Tax. A purchase tax remitted directly
Required Ship Schedule (RSS). A schedule to the government instead of to a supplier.
containing customer requirements as derived
Retirement Date. Date of permanent removal
from a customer’s planning and ship schedule
of a depreciable asset from income producing
transmissions.
activities. Disposition can be made by sale,
Requirement Detail. Information received in a exchange, abandonment, or destruction of the
schedule that is specific to a requirement. property. Often referred to as Disposition Date.
Examples include authorization numbers,
Retrobilling. The process of determining a net
packaging information, and administrative
amount due by applying a price change to a
contacts.
range of historical invoices.
Requisition. A statement indicating need for a
Return. (1) An item sent back to its supplier.
specific quantity of an item at a specific time
(2) A transaction recording this activity.
and place.
Return Material Authorization (RMA). A
Reserved Location. A location with inventory
transaction used to manage simple returns. An
that is dedicated to a specific customer or
alternative to calls for tracking customer
customers to ensure an adequate supply for
contact. Generally used when engineer
sales orders.
involvement is not required. Has three aspects:
Resource. Anything required for production • Receipt of returned items for repair or
of a product. Considered critical if difficult to replacement
obtain, or has a long lead time or other • Issue of replacement items
significant constraint. • Documentation and billing of return activity
Resource Bill. A statement of the amount of a Return Status. A status code specifying the
resource required to produce one unit. Two condition of items being returned during
types: product line resource bill and item customer service activities. Determines which
resource bill. Resources can be defined for default sites are recommended by the system
both end items and families. for the return.
Glossary 233
Routing Roll-Up. Use of a routing to calculate replenishment quantity is received. (3) In MPS,
manufacturing lead time, labor, burden, and extra capacity or inventory added as protection
subcontract costs for a product. against forecast errors and short-term changes
Routing Slip. A slip attached to a document in
in backlog.
an approval cycle showing who is to receive Safety Time. See Safety Lead Time.
the document, and who has already approved
Sales Account. A GL account used for
it.
invoiced sales and returns.
Row Group. A set of user-defined rows.
Sales Booking History. A history of sales
Identify the structure of a report, line item by
orders received for an item or product line.
line item.
Sales Forecast. An estimate of future
Row Type. A required attribute of a row in a
demand.
group. Values are:
• Data. Holds a query specification used to Sales Order (SO). An agreement to provide a
extract data from GL database tables. customer with a quantity of a certain item or
• Calculation. The result of an algebraic items at a set price by a set date.
formula utilizing values from other rows. Sales Order Number. A unique control
• Text. Displays text information only. number assigned to each customer order,
RSS. See Required Ship Schedule (RSS). usually during order entry. In a make-to-order
environment, can be used as the product
RTS. See Return to Supplier (RTS).
number.
Rule. A programming expression, such as IF/
Sales Quote (SQ). A commitment to sell a
THEN, linking a condition and an action.
certain customer certain items at a certain
Run Sequence. A code used to schedule items price. Customers who use bids for choosing
on production lines when approving MRP suppliers often request quotes. Exact delivery
planned orders for line manufacture. dates and order quantities are usually specified
when a quote becomes a sales order.
Run Time. The time it takes to process one unit
of the product of a given operation. Salvage. The estimated value of a fixed asset
at the end of its useful life. This amount is
RVC. Regional Value Code.
reasonably expected in an open market for the
asset after it is no longer productive. If a
salvage value is defined at the beginning of the
S depreciation calculation, it is used to reduce the
depreciable base.
Safety Lead Time. Time added to normal lead
time for the purpose of completing an order in SBU. See Secondary Business Unit (SBU).
advance of its need date.
Scale. A percentage multiplier applied to
Safety Stock. (1) The quantity of an item to be forecast quantities.
maintained in inventory as protection against
fluctuation in demand and/or supply. (2) The
average amount of stock on hand when a
Glossary 235
Ship/Delivery Pattern (SDP). An industry- Shop Calendar. Calendars define the standard
standard code set (the QAD 2008 - Standard work week for a site and its work centers. They
application supports AIAG and ODETTE) also define exceptions, such as scheduled
used to schedule ship and delivery dates. Used overtime or shutdown periods. Calendars
by update functions in both customer and provide the basis for all manufacturing
supplier schedules. scheduling functions and are defined by site,
work center, and machine. Each database must
Shipment. A business transaction involving
have at least one shop calendar.
transportation of goods from one location to
another. Shop Floor Control (SFC). The process of
recording actual labor time expended during
Shipments Plan. A plan projecting how much
manufacturing.
of a given product line will ship per month
from a given site. Includes cost of shipments. Shop Order. See Work Order.
Shipper. A supplier document used to issue Shop Packet. A package of documents used to
and structure shipments. Sent to the customer plan and control movement of an order on a
as an ASN. Identifies items and (optionally) all shop floor. Typically includes picking lists,
containers by individual shipment. The shipper drawings, tool lists, routings, and a shop order.
constitutes the master container.
Shrinkage Factor. A percentage factor in an
Shipper Verification. Verification that the item master record that compensates for
structure and content of a shipment are valid. expected loss during a manufacturing order
cycle either by increasing gross requirements
Shipping Group. A set of source and/or
or reducing expected completion quantity of
destination addresses with shared shipping
planned and open orders. Differs from scrap
requirements, as dictated by legal jurisdiction,
factor in that shrinkage affects all uses of an
geographical considerations, or common
item and its components.
business practice. An address may belong to
multiple shipping groups, each identifying SIC Code. See Standard Industrial
specific requirements for shipping to/from Classification (SIC) Code.
other addresses in a group.
Significant Item Number. An item number
Shipping Labels. Container and item labels. whose format is intended to convey
Usually bar-coded. information about the item such as its source,
material, or shape.
Shipping Lead Time. Number of working
days normally required for goods to move Simple Interest. Interest paid on original
between a shipping and receiving point. principle only and not on interest accrued.
Includes acceptance time in days at the
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). A
receiving point.
protocol for exchanging information in a
Shipping Schedule. Used for short-term decentralized, distributed environment in XML
planning of products, materials, and resources. format.
Lists exact quantities with exact dates, usually
covering a few days or weeks.
Glossary 239
Simulation. The technique of utilizing Source Matrix. A record defining the nature of
representative or artificial data to reproduce in supply-and-demand relationships for end
a model conditions likely to occur in the actual items. Identifies marketing sites that generate
performance of a system. sales forecasts for an item, and defines how an
operations plan calculation distributes an
Simulation Planning. The process of
item’s global production demands to supply
experimenting with alternate family plans and
sites. For an item, resembles a single-level
operations plans. An active plan can be copied
DRP source network.
into a simulation plan to model effects of
changes to production due quantities, without Source Network. For an item, a group of
endangering the active plan. supply (or source) and receiving sites used in
DRP. See Supply Site.
Single-Level Backflush. A form of backflush
that reduces inventory only on next-level-down Spares. Components, assemblies, and
items of an assembly or subassembly. See Back equipment that are interchangeable with like
Scheduling. items and can be used to replace items removed
during maintenance.
Site. An inventory and planning concept. All
inventory is stored by site and all planning is Specification. A requirement or description.
done by site. Each site belongs to one and only May include generic standards, requirements
one entity, but an entity can have multiple sites. for quality, and other information that yields an
Most functions work within one site— accurate statement of the technical
manufacturing orders expect to find all their requirements of a material, item, or service and
components at the same site; MRP and DRP of the procedure to be followed to determine if
calculate requirements one site at a time. A few requirements are met.
functions deal with multiple sites, such as
Split Delivery. A purchase order for a large
multisite purchase or sales orders, distribution
quantity of goods to be delivered in stages.
orders, distributed inventory inquiries, and
Allows a buyer to secure a lower price and
EMT.
control inventory investment.
Site Security. Restriction of data entry at
Split Lot. A work order divided into two
specific sites based on user security groups
smaller work orders after the order is in
specified in User Maintenance (36.3.18) and
process. Typically used to rush one part of an
Site Security Maintenance (36.3.16).
order through a manufacturing process.
SKU. See Stockkeeping Unit (SKU).
Splitting. Dividing a fixed asset containing a
SMP. See Symmetric Multiple Processor group of individual items into separate assets.
(SMP). Splitting is also used for partial retirements and
transfers.
SNF. See Standards-Neutral Format (SNF).
SQ. See Sales Quote (SQ).
SO. See Sales Order (SO).
SR. See Service Request (SR).
Sold-For Amount. Amount of cash received
from the disposition of a fixed asset. SSM. See Service/Support Management
(SSM).
240 User Guide — Introduction
System-Level Items. Typically an item that is Tax Code. A code uniquely identifying
the parent or top-level item in a configured individual tax rate records. Can be system- or
product structure. user-assigned.
Glossary 243
Tax Discounting. A practice in which tax Tax Zone Hierarchies. Used in GTM to set up
amounts are calculated based on sales amounts reporting relationships. Often, transaction tax
minus credit terms discounts. Taxes can be amounts for one zone are included in the tax
discounted at invoice (based on anticipated reporting for another zone.
discounts) or at payment (based on discounts
Tax-Basis Amount. Amount of a fixed asset
actually taken).
investment that can be depreciated for tax
Tax Environment. A set of tax types applying purposes. This is normally the book acquisition
to a transaction involving specific ship-from basis.
and ship-to tax zones (and, optionally,
Taxable Base. Denotes a specific transaction
customer and supplier tax classes). Determines
amount subject to tax. Similar to tax base.
which taxes apply.
Taxing Authority. The government branch, or
Tax Exemption. An amount not subject to tax.
representative, that is responsible for the
Can be calculated by tax usage, customer or
collection of tax revenues from companies
supplier tax class, or item tax class. If detailed
doing business within their jurisdiction.
reporting is not required, can be reported using
tax type NON-TAX. Temporal Rate Method. A method used to
produce translated financial statements. The
Tax Point. The moment in time in which a tax
Temporal Rate Method uses the closing
liability is incurred. In some countries, the
exchange rate effective at the time of reporting
moment goods are received. In others, the
to translate all monetary assets and liabilities.
moment the supplier receives an invoice.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities are
Critical in countries with recoverable taxes on
translated at the historical or average period
purchases. Generally, a company is not allowed
rate. Income and expenses are also translated at
to deduct recoverable taxes on purchases
the historical or average period rate.
against tax collected on sales until a supplier
invoice is formally processed. Term. The data element that links labels to
specific fields, letting the system determine
Tax Rate. (1) The percentage used to calculate
which labels display on screens and reports.
tax. (2) A record containing this percentage, as
The term is the same for all languages, and
well as other data used to describe the
displays in all uppercase with underscores.
conditions under which the tax rate applies.
Terms of Trade. The terms that define who is
Tax Type. A code designating a class of
responsible for paying a third-party supplier for
separately calculated and reported tax. Usually
transportation costs associated with the
identifies the geographic region associated
purchase of items.
with a tax type.
This Level Costs. A category of costs
Tax Usage. A code identifying tax rates that
representing a cost added at the current stage of
vary based on an item’s intended use or a
manufacturing. For a purchased item,
company’s nature of operation.
represents the purchase price at standard or
Tax Zone. A geographic region constituting a current. For an assembled item, usually
separate tax reporting district. Can be set up for includes labor, burden, subcontract, and any
countries, states/provinces, counties, cities, and overhead costs assigned.
postal codes, or for combinations of these.
244 User Guide — Introduction
Thread. Information associated with a single Trading Partner ID. In EDI ECommerce, a
use of a program that runs multiple concurrent unique reference for a trading partner as used
sessions on multiple computer processors. For by the EC subsystem.
example, when you run MRP or DRP using a
Trading Partner Library. A set of EDI
Progress Application Server, you can specify
ECommerce definitions for the electronic
multiple threads to control the number of
business documents required by a particular
processes available to the system for this
trading partner or for a particular area of
purpose.
business functionality.
Time Bucket. A time increment used in
Trailer Charge. A sales order amount such as
planning, scheduling, and reporting. For
freight, service, handling, installation, or other
example, weekly time buckets break
special charges associated with a shipment.
information down into weekly periods. Weekly
Can be taxed differently from line items.
buckets are considered the maximum for MRP.
Transaction. An individual event reported to a
Time Fence. The number of calendar days
computer system.
inside of which MRP does not automatically
make changes to a plan. For example, if an Transaction Currency. The currency that a
item has a time fence of 10 days, the system transaction is denominated in. Foreign
does not change existing firm planned orders or currency transactions are only executed
create new orders whose due dates lie within between two parties. Transaction currency is
the next 10 days. the same as document currency.
Token. In EDI ECommerce, a critical value Transaction Set. An individual EDI business
communicated between an EC subsystem and document for an EDI standard.
the QAD 2008 - Standard application that Transaction Translation. The calculation of
conveys such data as trading partner identifier the base-currency equivalent of a foreign
or document type. transaction-currency amount.
Tolerance. The permissible variation of an Transaction Type. Broad classifications of
item in quantity. business transactions, recorded in the system’s
TRADACOMS. Trade Data Communications. transaction history. Examples include sales
An EDI standard used in the exchange of order issues, purchase receipts, and unplanned
electronic business documents for domestic issues.
trade in the UK. This standard is administered Transformation Mapping. An EDI
by the Article Number Association (ANA). ECommerce process that maps imported
Trading Partner. A company with which business documents into formats usable by the
another company engages in buying or selling. system and exported documents into formats
usable by an external EC subsystem.
Trading Partner Document ID. In EDI
ECommerce, a unique reference for a trading Transient Product Structure. See Phantom.
partner document as used by the EC
subsystem.
Glossary 245
Unit Cost. The total labor, material, and Utilization. A measure of how intensively a
overhead cost for one unit of production. resource is used. Equals direct time charged
divided by clock time scheduled.
Unit of Measure (UM). The terms in which a
specification is stated.
Units-of-Production Method (UOP).
V
Depreciation method that calculates
depreciation based on items produced or units Value Added Tax (VAT). A tax legislative
consumed from the asset. system used in Europe and Asia.
Unplanned Issue. An issue transaction that Variable Yield. A process output that is not
updates quantity on hand when an order does consistently repeatable in quantity or quality.
not exist.
Variance. (1) The difference between what is
Unplanned Receipt. A receipt transaction that expected, budgeted, or planned and what
updates quantity on hand when an order does actually occurs. (2) In statistics, a measure of
not exist. dispersion of data.
Unrealized Exchange Rate Gain/Loss. The VAT. See Value Added Tax (VAT).
amount that the base currency value of an asset
VAT Registration Number. A company-
or liability, denominated in a foreign currency,
specific ID code that appears on sales and
has increased or decreased due to a fluctuation
purchasing transactions in European Union
of exchange rates over time. Unrealized gains
(EU) countries. Consists of a 2-digit alphabetic
or losses occur before the settlement of an open
country code and a numeric or alphanumeric
asset or liability item when the potential for
code.
further exchange rate fluctuation exists.
VDA. Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V.
UOP. See Units-of-Production Method (UOP).
(VDA). A set of fixed-format EDI standards
URL. See Uniform Resource Locator (URL). developed to enable EDI between automotive
manufacturers in Germany.
US Exp. United States Export Administration.
Vendor. A company or individual that supplies
Usage. Number of units or dollars of an
goods or services. See Supplier.
inventory item consumed over a period of time.
View. A mechanism that joins data from two or
Usage Variance. The difference between
more tables. A browse uses a view for
actual consumption of a material compared to
searching. See also Join.
expected consumption.
Voucher. A document conveying authority to
User ID. User identification. Each user must
pay an invoice and record all relevant details
supply a valid user ID before log-in is allowed.
on the nature of the liability and the payment.
Use-Up Logic. The logic that allows MRP Verifies invoiced items and quantities against a
calculations to use existing quantity for an purchase order and receiving records prior to
item, then switch to a new item. Typically used processing payment.
to implement engineering changes or allow for
obsolescence or short supply of a current item.
Glossary 247