Technical data

Calculation of friction loss of piping

Formula for calculating friction loss of piping
This notification shall establish standards for calculating the friction loss of piping as stipulated in Article 12, Item 7, (g), Article 14, paragraph 1, Item 11,(e) and Article 16, paragraph 3, Item
3, (f) of the Fire Service Law Enforcement Regulation (Article 6 of the Ordinance of the Ministry of Home Affairs, 1961).
Calculation of friction loss of piping shall be based on the following formula.

H = ∑ Nn =1 Hn + 5 ( H = ∑ n =1 Hn for those not using the flow water detector)

N

H is the friction loss head of piping (unit: m)

n is the number of Hn required to calculate the friction loss of the piping
Hn is the friction loss head (unit: m) for each nominal size of piping determined by the following formula.

() 100
1’k +1”k
Hn = 1.2 Q k4.87
1.85

Dk

Qk is the absolute value of the flow rate (unit: ℓ per minute) of water or bubble aqueous solution flowing in a pipe with a nominal size of K.
Dk is the absolute value of the reference bore diameter (unit: cm) of the pipe for which the nominal size is K.
1’k is the sum of the lengths of straight pipes with a nominal size of K (unit: m)
1”k is the sum of the values converted into straight pipe equivalent length by the values specified in Tables 1 to 3 for each type of pipe to be used in accordance with the nominal
size of the pipe joints and valves for which the nominal size is K. (unit: m)

Q 1.85
k
It should be noted that the value of 12 D 4.87 can be obtained by a numerical value for each flow rate in Figs 1 to 2, which is calculated according to the designation of the type
k

and size of the pipe.

Straight pipe equivalent length

When Carbon steel pipes for ordinary piping (JIS G3452)SGP is used Table 1
Type Nominal size 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 350
45˚ Elbow 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.9 3.6 4.3 4.8
Screwed type

90˚ Elbow 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.9 4.7 6.2 7.6 9.2 10.2
Return bend (180˚) 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.9 5.0 5.9 6.8 7.7 9.6 11.3 15.0 18.6 22.3 24.8
Pipe joint

Tees or cloth (shunt 90˚) 1.7 2.2 2.5 3.2 4.1 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.9 9.3 12.3 15.3 18.3 20.4
45˚ elbow Long 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0
Welding type

90˚ Short 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.4
Elbow Long 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.1
Tees or cloth (shunt 90°) 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.4 3.1 3.6 4.2 4.7 5.9 7.0 9.2 11.4 13.7 15.3
Gate valve 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.2
Valves

Ball valve 9.2 11.9 13.9 17.6 22.6 26.9 31.0 35.1 43.6 51.7 68.2 84.7 101.5 113.2
Angle valve 4.6 6.0 7.0 8.9 11.3 13.5 15.6 17.6 21.9 26.0 34.2 42.5 50.9 56.8
Check valve (Swing) 2.3 3.0 3.5 4.4 5.6 6.7 7.7 8.7 10.9 12.9 17.0 21.1 25.3 28.2

Carbon steel pipes for pressure service (JIS G3454)STPG Schedule 40) Table 2
Type Nominal size 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 350
45˚ Elbow 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.7
Screwed type

90˚ Elbow 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.6 3.1 3.8 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10
Return bend (180˚) 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.9 4.8 5.7 6.6 7.5 9.3 1.0 14.6 18.2 21.8 24.3
Pipe joint

Tees or cloth (shunt 90˚) 1.6 2.1 2.5 3.2 4.0 4.7 5.2 6.1 7.6 9.1 12 15 18 20
45˚ elbow Long 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0
Welding type

90˚ Short 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.3
Elbow Long 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.0
Tees or cloth (shunt 90°) 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.6 5.7 6.8 9.0 11.2 13.4 15
Gate valve 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.2
Valves

Ball valve 9.0 11.8 13.7 17.6 22 26 29.1 34 42 50.3 56.6 82.9 99.2 111
Angle valve 4.6 5.9 6.9 8.8 11 13.1 14.6 17.1 21.2 25.2 33.4 41.6 48.8 55.7
Check valve (Swing) 2.3 3.0 3.4 4.4 5.5 6.5 7.3 8.5 10.5 12.5 16.6 20.7 24.7 27.7
Technical data

Friction loss head per 100m pipe length

When using Carbon steel pipes for ordinary piping

(JIS G3452)SGP

Numerical value when calculating friction loss head for pipe length 100m in m

1.85
Equation: 1.2 Q k4.87
Dk

Pipe diameter (mm)

Flow rate (L/min)

Friction loss head (m/100m)

When using Carbon steel pipes for pressure service

(JIS G3454)STPG Schedule 40

Numerical value when calculating friction loss head for pipe length 100m in m

1.85
Equation: 1.2 Q k4.87
Dk

Pipe diameter (mm)

Flow rate (L/min)

Friction loss head of fire hose Table 3

Friction loss head (m)
Fire fighting Flow rate
Nominal hose diameter (A)
equipment L/min Length
40 50 65
Per 1m 0.12 0.03 −
Indoor No.1 150
Per 30 m 3.6 0.9 −
Friction loss head (m/100m)
Per 1m − − 0.06
Outdoors 400
Per 40 m − − 2.4

The hose friction loss heads for indoor No.2 and easy operation No.1 should be based on the manufacturer's catalog values.