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Chapter 2

CAT CHAPTER TWO NOTES DAE

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32 views

Chapter 2

CAT CHAPTER TWO NOTES DAE

Uploaded by

ayeshayousaf45672
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter No: 2

Introduction to Windows
Microsoft Windows is a widely used graphical operating system developed by Microsoft, first released in
1985. It provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with their computers through icons
and menus rather than text commands. Windows supports multitasking, enabling users to run multiple
applications at the same time, and it is the most popular operating system for personal computers globally.

Loading and Shutdown Process

Loading

When you turn on a computer, the BIOS performs a self-test to check hardware. If everything is fine, it
loads the operating system from the hard drive into RAM, and you'll see the Windows logo.

Shut Down

To shut down the computer safely, click the Start menu and select "Shut Down," which closes all
applications and powers off the device.

Introduction to Desktop Items

The desktop is the main screen of Windows where you can access programs and files. Common desktop
items include:

1. Icons:

Icons are small graphical representations or symbols used in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to
represent programs, files, folders, or system functions. They are designed to make it easier for
users to recognize and interact with software or data visually.

 Desktop Icons: On your computer's desktop, you might see icons like a folder (representing a
directory), a recycle bin (for deleted files), or a web browser (like Google Chrome).

 App Icons: On a smartphone, apps have icons like a Facebook logo for the Facebook app, or a
camera icon for the camera application.

2. Taskbar

The taskbar is a horizontal bar typically located at the bottom of the screen on a computer's
desktop. It shows open applications, system icons (like network status, battery life, and volume
control), and provides quick access to frequently used tools, programs, and the Start menu.

 Example:
o On Windows, the taskbar displays icons for open applications (e.g., Microsoft Word), a
Start button at the left, and system icons like Wi-Fi, battery status, or time on the right.
You can also pin apps to the taskbar for quick access, like having a browser icon for easy
opening.

3. Start Menu

The Start button is a key element of the Windows operating system's taskbar, typically located at the
bottom-left corner of the screen. It opens the Start menu, which is a hub for accessing applications,
settings, power options, and other system functionalities.

Desktop Properties

You can customize desktop properties by right-clicking on the desktop and selecting "Personalize." Here,
you can change:

 Background: Set a wallpaper or color for your desktop.

 Themes: Apply different visual styles.

 Screen Resolution: Adjust the display settings for better clarity.

Use of Control Panel

The Control Panel is a feature in Windows that allows users to configure system settings. It includes
options for:

 Managing hardware devices (printers, displays).

 Adjusting user accounts and parental controls.

 Changing network settings.

 Modifying system security features.

Searching Documents

To search for documents in Windows, you can use the Search Bar located in the Start menu or File
Explorer. Simply type in keywords related to your document, and Windows will display matching files
and folders.

File and Folder Creation and Management

You can create new files and folders by:

1. Right-clicking on the desktop or within a folder.

2. Selecting "New" from the context menu.

3. Choosing "Folder" or the type of file you want to create (e.g., Word document).

To manage files and folders, you can use options such as cut, copy, paste, rename, and delete from the
right-click context menu.
Software Installation and Uninstallation

To install software:

1. Download or insert the installation media (DVD/USB).

2. Double-click the installer file and follow on-screen instructions.

To uninstall software:

1. Go to Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features.

2. Select the program you want to remove and click "Uninstall."

Formatting Hard Disk and Drives

Formatting a hard disk or drive erases all data on it. To format:

1. Open File Explorer.

2. Right-click on the drive you want to format.

3. Select "Format" from the context menu and follow the prompts.

Protection Against Viruses

Computer Virus

A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) designed to replicate itself and spread from
one computer to another.

Types of Computer Viruses

1. File Infector Virus

2. Macro Virus:

3. Boot Sector Virus

To protect against viruses:

Follow following steps to protect system against virus.

 Install antivirus software that scans for malware.

 Keep your operating system updated with security patches.

 Avoid downloading files from untrusted sources or clicking on suspicious links.

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