36

CHAPTER III
Instructional
Resources
 37

LESSON 1 Understanding Instructional Resources

Guided Practice

A. Preliminary Activity: Find answers to the following questions.

1. Does the school have library facilities?
Yes.
2. Does the library contain textbooks and other reference materials?
Yes.
3. Do teachers and students have access to the library resources?
Yes.
4. Do teachers have a copy of the K to 12 curriculum guides?
Yes.
5. Do teachers have a copy of the teacher's guide?
N/A
6. Do teachers have access to the Internet?
Yes.
7. Do teachers have access to technology tools?
Yes.
8. Does the school provide training of teachers in the use of varied
instructional resources?
N/A

B. Request permission to conduct an interview with teachers. Identify the

instructional resources used by teachers in teaching and learning.
1. What are the types of instructional resources used by teachers to motivate
learners about the lesson?
Visual aids, interactive activities, multimedia presentations, and
gamification techniques.
2. What are the types of instructional resources used by teachers in the
delivery of the content of the lessons?
Textbooks, digital resources (videos, articles), lecture notes, and
online platforms (e.g., learning management systems).
3. What types of instructional resources are used by teachers in the
assessment of students' academic performance?
Quizzes, tests, rubrics, formative assessments, and digital
assessment tools.
 38

4. What are the types of resources used by teachers in practical

applications?
In a classroom, teachers use tools like lab equipment, art supplies,
technology, field trips, and hands-on activities to help students practice
what they learn.

Processing

Review the data you have gathered carefully. Answer the following questions:

1. How essential is the use of varied instructional resources to teaching and

learning?
Using different instructional resources is very important because
they help meet various learning styles, keep students interested, and
make lessons more interactive and effective.
2. Aside from the K to 12 Curriculum Guide and Teachers' Guide, what is the
most essential instructional resource?
Besides the K to 12 Curriculum Guide and Teachers' Guide, the
most essential instructional resource is often technology like computers or
tablets, as they provide access to information and interactive tools.
3. In the absence of available instructional resources, what is the best thing
that a teacher should do to support teaching and learning activities?
If resources are not available, the best thing a teacher can do is
use creative methods like storytelling, group discussions, and hands-on
activities to engage students and encourage learning.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

 I realized that:
using a variety of instructional resources is crucial for making
lessons engaging and effective, as it helps meet the diverse needs of
students and enhances their learning experience.
 I believe it is essential to:
 39

incorporate technology and hands-on activities in teaching, as they

can greatly enrich the learning process and make concepts easier to
understand.
 From now on, I am determined to:
explore new teaching methods and resources, even in challenging
situations, to ensure that all students have the opportunity to learn and
succeed.
 40

LESSON 2 Educational Researches and Literatures

Guided Practice

A. Preliminary Activity. Look for research journals and literatures that can be
used as instructional resources for your chosen field of specialization or
major. Write down your answers on the columns provided on the next
page:
1. TEXTBOOKS

Name of Year Published Title of the Publisher City of

Author's (write N.D. if Book Publication
there is no date
indicated)
Richard 2007 Introduction to Art of San Jose, CA
Rusczyk Geometry Problem
Solving
Eric 2010 Algebra and McGraw-Hill New York, NY
Hartman Trigonometry

Ron Larson 2015 Calculus: Early Cengage Boston, MA

Transcendental Learning
s
John A. 2013 Elementary and Pearson Boston, MA
Van de Middle School
Walle Mathematics

David N.D. Foundations of Wiley Hoboken, NJ

Cohen Mathematics
 41

2. RESEARCH JOURNALS

Name of Year Published Title of the Publisher City of

Author's (write N.D. if Research Publication
there is no date
indicated)

2001 The Impact of Journal of Chicago, IL

John Smith Collaborative Educational
et al. Learning in Research
Mathematics
Classrooms
2020 Using International London, UK
Anna Lee Technology to Journal of
Enhance Math STEM
Learning Education
Maria N. D Strategies for Educational Amsterdam,
Garcia Teaching Studies in NL
Math to Mathematics
Diverse
Learners
2019 Project-Based Mathematics New York, NY
Kevin Learning in Teacher
Brown Mathematics:
A Case Study
Linda 2022 Assessing Journal of San Francisco,
Johnson Student Mathematics CA
Understanding Education
in
Mathematics
 42

B. Request permission to conduct a survey. Request teachers to help you

identify resources where you can access education research and
literatures. Write down your answers below:

To gather insights on educational research and literature, I will request

permission from math teachers to help identify resources where I can access
educational research and literature specific to mathematics. This will include
asking about their preferred journals, websites, and other materials they find
helpful.

C. Find answers to the following questions:

1. Do teachers use educational research journals and literatures to support
the teaching and learning activities?
Yes, teachers use educational research journals and literature to
support their teaching activities. These resources provide effective
strategies and insights that enhance math instruction.
2. What are the challenges faced by teachers in using educational research
and literatures?
Teachers face challenges such as limited time to read and
implement research findings, difficulty in finding relevant studies that apply
to their specific classrooms, and a lack of training in interpreting research
data.
3. Does the school promote the use of research-based materials and
textbooks to support instruction?
Yes, many schools promote the use of research-based materials
and textbooks to ensure that teaching methods are effective and grounded
in proven practices.
4. Are the teachers' instructional plans informed by research?
Yes, teachers often base their instructional plans on research
findings, using evidence-based practices to improve student learning
outcomes in mathematics.

Processing

Review the data you have gathered. Answer the following questions:
 43

1. How do educational research and literatures help improve the content of

the lesson?
Educational research and literature help improve lessons by giving
teachers proven strategies, understanding how students learn, and ways
to solve problems effectively.
2. How do educational researches and literatures differ from other types of
instructional resources?
Educational research and literature focus on proven ideas and
theories, while other resources, like textbooks and software, might not
always be backed by research.
3. How do teachers benefit from using these types of instructional
resources?
Teachers benefit by learning new strategies, understanding their
students better, and creating lessons that engage students in math.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

 I realized that:
using educational research and literature is important for improving
my teaching methods and helping students understand math better.
 I believe it is essential to:
incorporate research-based strategies and resources into my
lessons to ensure that I am providing the best possible education for my
students.
 From now on, I am determined to:
explore and utilize more educational research to enhance my
teaching practices and support my students' learning in mathematics.
 44

LESSON 3 Digital Media Resources

Guided Practice

1. Types of Digital Media:

o Video tutorials
o Interactive simulations
o Educational games
o Online quizzes
o E-books and articles
2. Frequency of Use:
o Daily
o Weekly
o Occasionally
3. Preferred Platforms:
o YouTube
o Google Classroom
o Edmodo
o Kahoot

A. Preliminary Activity. Conduct a survey of digital media used by teachers in

teaching and learning activities. Write your answers below.

B. Perform the following activities.

I used a combination of screen recording and editing software. The process

involved drafting a script, recording my screen while explaining the lesson, and
editing the footage to add visuals and transitions. I faced challenges with audio
clarity but learned to use a microphone for better sound quality.

1. Create a short video clip about a specific lesson using ICT tools. Write
your experience in creating the video in the space provided below:
 45

2. Prepare presentation slides regarding a specific topic using PowerPoint or

other presentation softwares. Describe the process of creating
presentation slides.

I chose a specific topic and outlined the key points. Using PowerPoint, I selected a
template, added text, images, and charts to enhance understanding. I focused on
maintaining a consistent design and practiced my presentation to ensure smooth
delivery.

3. Visit the DepEd Learning Portal through

https://rmds.deped.gov.ph/k_to_12. Check and observe how the learning
portal is designed. Describe your experience in accessing information
from the portal. Write down your observation below.

The portal is well-organized with clear categories for different subjects. I found it
easy to navigate, and the search function helped me locate specific resources
quickly. The layout is user-friendly, but I noted that some pages took longer to load.

4. Using Google or other search engines, look for Open Educational

Resources online and try to download an e-book. List down the websites
where you downloaded the materials below.
 46

 Project Gutenberg (www.gutenberg.org)

 Open Library (www.openlibrary.org)
 OER Commons (www.oercommons.org)

Processing

Review the data you have gathered carefully. Answer the following questions:

1. How does digital media impact student learning?

Digital media enhances engagement and interactivity, making
learning more enjoyable. It provides diverse resources that cater to
different learning styles, promotes collaboration through online platforms,
and allows for immediate feedback on assessments.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using digital media in
teaching and learning? Write down your answers below:

Advantages Disadvantages

 Increased engagement and  Potential for distraction

motivation  Dependence on technology
 Access to a wide range of  Issues with internet access
resources  Information overload
 Flexibility in learning pace
 Opportunities for collaboration

 47

Other comments:

Digital media can significantly enrich the learning experience, but it's
essential to balance its use and ensure students remain focused on educational
goals.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

 I realized that:
Digital media can change how we teach. It makes lessons more
interesting and helps students connect better with the material.
 I believe it is essential to:
Use digital media carefully in my lesson plans. This way, I can get
the most out of these tools while keeping students focused on learning.

 From now on, I am determined to:

Try out different digital resources in my teaching. I want to make my
classes livelier and help students learn in new ways.
 48

LESSON 4 Graphic Organizers as Resources for Visual Presentation

Guided Practice

A. Find answers to the questions indicated in the following forms of graphic

organizers.
1. Tables can be used for brainstorming and the assessment of learners'
prior knowledge about the topic.

Topic: Graphic Organizers_______________________________

List anything that comes in your mind about the topic:
 Tools that help visualize information.
 Aid in organizing thoughts and ideas.
 Useful for summarizing information.
 Can enhance memory retention.
 Applicable in various subjects and age groups.
How will you use graphic organizers in teaching?
 To help students outline their essays.
 For planning group projects collaboratively.
 To summarize reading materials visually.
 As a tool for brainstorming during discussions.
 To clarify complex concepts through visual representation.

What do you think are the benefits of using graphic organizers?

 They improve comprehension and retention.

 Encourage active learning and engagement.
 Provide a clear structure for information.
 Promote critical thinking and organization skills.
 Foster collaboration among students.
 49

2. Using the Venn diagram below, identify the advantages of using graphic
organizers compared to other forms of instructional resources.

 Format Purpose Comprehension

 Engagement Use in teaching Adaptability

Assessment Interactivity
 50

Processing

Draw a concept map about graphic organizers. Identify the benefits of using
graphic organizers in student learning.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

 I realized that:
Graphic organizers are powerful tools that can significantly
enhance understanding and retention in students.
 I believe it is essential to:
Integrate graphic organizers into my teaching practices to support
diverse learning needs and foster engagement.
 From now on, I am determined to:
Utilize various graphic organizers regularly and encourage my
students to create their own to enhance their learning experiences.
 51

LESSON 5 Teacher-made Instructional Resources

Guided Practice

A. Conduct a survey of instructional resources developed and produced by

teachers. List down your answers below.

 Flashcards: Used for vocabulary building and quick recall.

 Worksheets: Created for practice exercises in various subjects.
 Posters: Visual aids displaying key concepts or rules.
 Interactive PowerPoints: Engaging presentations that include multimedia
elements.
 Lesson Plans: Detailed guides outlining instructional strategies and activities.
 Games: Educational games designed to reinforce learning concepts.
 Guided Notes: Structured notes that help students follow along during
lessons.
 Video Tutorials: Short videos explaining specific topics or skills.

B. Describe how teacher-made resources are developed.

 Identifying Learning Objectives: Teachers begin by determining the specific

skills or knowledge students need to acquire.
 Research and Planning: They research best practices and gather materials
relevant to the topic.
 Designing the Resource: Teachers create the resource, ensuring it is
engaging and aligned with the curriculum.
 Testing and Feedback: After initial use, teachers may seek feedback from
students and colleagues to improve the resource.
 Revision and Finalization: Based on feedback, teachers make necessary
adjustments before finalizing the resource for broader use.
C. Identify the challenges faced by teachers in developing and producing
teacher-made resources.
 52

 Time Constraints: Limited time to create and refine resources amidst teaching
responsibilities.
 Lack of Funding: Insufficient budget for materials or technology needed for
resource production.
 Access to Technology: Variability in access to software and hardware for
creating digital resources.
 Skill Levels: Varying levels of proficiency in design and technology among
teachers.
 Balancing Curriculum Standards: Ensuring resources meet state or national
educational standards while being engaging.

Processing

Review the data you gathered carefully. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the primary consideration in developing and producing teacher-

made resources?
The primary consideration is aligning the resources with learning
objectives and curriculum standards to ensure they effectively support
student learning.
2. How do students benefit from teacher-made resources?
Students benefit from teacher-made resources through
personalized and relevant materials that cater to their specific learning
needs, enhance engagement, and provide additional practice
opportunities.
3. How will you promote the use of teacher-made resources?
I will promote the use of teacher-made resources by sharing
successful examples with colleagues, providing professional development
workshops on resource creation, and encouraging collaboration among
teachers to share and refine resources.

Reflection

Write your reflection by completing the following statements:

 I realized that:
Teacher-made resources can significantly enhance student
learning and engagement when they are thoughtfully developed and
aligned with educational goals.
 I believe it is essential to:
 53

Support teachers in the development of instructional resources by

providing adequate training, time, and access to materials.
 From now on, I am determined to:

Actively engage in the creation and sharing of teacher-made

resources, fostering a collaborative environment among educators to
improve teaching practices.