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MATH F312Tut 8 2024

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20 views2 pages

MATH F312Tut 8 2024

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fordrash488
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1

BITS-PILANI, KK Birla GOA CAMPUS, GOA


Department of Mathematics
MATHF312 (Ordinary Differential Equations)
(2024-2025:Autumn) Tutorial Sheet No.8

1. Test the stability, asymptotic stability or unstability for the trivial solution of each of the followings:

(i) y1′ = −2y1 + y2 + 3y3 + 8y12 + y23 , y2′ = −6y2 − 5y3 + 7y34 , y3′ = −y3 + y14 + y22 + y33 .
(ii) y ′′′ + 2y ′′ + 3y ′ + 9 sinh y = 0.

2. Determine the type of stability of the critical p[oint (0, 0) of each of the linear system of DEs and
sketch the phase potraits:

(i) y1′ = −2y1 + y2 , y2′ = −5y1 − 6y2


(ii) y1′ = y1 + 2y2 , y2′ = −2y1 + 5y2 .
(iii) y1′ = −y1 , y2′ = 2y1 + y2 .
(iv) y1′ = 2y1 − 8y2 , y2′ = y1 − 2y2 .
(v) y1′ = −3y1 + 2y2 , y2′ = −2y1 .

3. Compute all critical points and determine their nature for each of the following systems:

(i) x′ = 2 sin x + y, y ′ = sin x − 3y.


(ii) x′ = 2x(x − y), y ′ = 2 + y − x2 .
(iii) x′ = x(2y − x + 5), y ′ = x2 + y 2 − 6x − 8y.
(iv) x′ = −x − x2 + xy, y ′ = −y + xy − y 2 .
(v) x′ = x + e−y − 1, y ′ = −y − e−y + 1.
(vi) x′ = x(1 − x − y), y ′ = y((3/2) − y − x).
(vii) x′ = x(1 + 2.5x − 0.3y − x2 ), y ′ = y(−1.5 + x).
(viii) x′ = x2 − x1 , x′2 = αx1 − x2 − x1 x3 , x′3 = −x3 + x1 x2 .

4. Determine the type of the critical point (0, 0) depending on the real parameter µ ̸= 2 of the nonlinear
system: x′ = −2x − y + x2 , y ′ = 4x + µy − y 2 .

5. Use the Lyapunov function V (x, y) = 12 (x2 + y 2 ), determine the stability of the critical point (0, 0)
for each of the following systems:

(i) x′ = −x − (x3 /3) − x cos y, y ′ = −y − y 3 .


(ii) x′ = −y − x sin2 x, y ′ = x − y sin2 x.
(iii) x′ = x − y 2 , y ′ = −y + xy.
(iv) x′ = −y − x3 − xy 2 , y ′ = x − y 3 − yx2 .
(v) x′ = −y + x3 + xy 2 , y ′ = x + y 3 + yx2 .
(vi) x′ = −y − xy, y ′ = x + x2 .
2

6. Use the Lyapunov function V (x, x2 , x3 ) = 12 (x21 + x22 + x23 ), show that the origin is an asymptotically
stable equilibrium point for the following system:

x′1 = −x2 − x1 x22 + x23 − x31 , x′2 = x1 + x33 − x32 , x′3 = −x1 x3 − x3 x21 − x2 x23 − x53 .

7. Use appropriate Lyapunov function to determine the stability of the equilibrium point(0, 0) of the
following systems:

(i) x′ = −x + y + xy, y ′ = x − y − x2 − y 2 .
(ii) x′ = x − 3y + x2 x, y ′ = −x + y − y 2 .
(iii) x′ = −x − 2y + xy 2 , y ′ = 3x − 3y + y 3 .
(iv) x′ = −4y + x2 , y ′ = 4x + y 2 .

8. For the second order DE: x′′ + q(x) = 0, where the continuous function q satisfies xq(x) > 0 for all
0 ̸= x, and q(0) = 0, write it as a system in x1 = x, x2 = x′ ) and show that
Z x1
V (x1 , x2 ) := x2 /2 + q(s) ds
0

is a Lyapunov function. Further prove that the origin is is a stable equilibrium point.

9. Show that the Lienard equation: x′′ + f (x)x′ + g(x) = 0, where xg(x) > 0 for all x ̸= 0, f (x) > 0, for
x ̸= 0, and G(x) := 0x g(s) ds approaches ∞ as |x| −→ ∞. Usin Lyapunov function V = 21 |x′ |2 +G(x),
R

show that the origin is stable.

10. For the Van der Pol equation: x′′ + ϵ(x2 − 1)x′ + x = 0, discuss stability.

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