Scribd
Upload
37 views5 pages

Mahatma Gandhi and The National Movement

Uploaded by

Hemashree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views5 pages

Mahatma Gandhi and The National Movement

Uploaded by

Hemashree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT- (NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT, CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE)

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
Non-Cooperation is a way of protesting in which you do not co-operate with the
evil doers.
REASONS LEADING TO THE NON-COOPERATION
1. THE ROWLATT ACT – the purpose of the Rowlatt Act is to curb the
growing nationalist upsurge in the country. The British passed an Act called
the Rowlatt Act which gave the British police in India the power to
a) Arrest anyone without an arrest warrant
b) Search any place without a search warrant
c) Imprison anyone without trial . ‘No Vakil, No Dalil, NO Appeal’.
d) In camera trial
e) Restriction on movement of individuals

2. JALLIANWALLA BAHG – On 10th April 1919 two prominent leaders Dr.


Satpal and D. Kitchlew were deported from Amritsar. Hartal was declared
and people protested against the detention of the two leaders.
On April 11th 1919, General Dyre was called to restore law and order. He
issued an order prohibiting all meetings. In violation of this order a meeting
was called at Jallianwala bagh on April 13th 1919. It had only one narrow
exit. General Dyre marched with his troops and blacked the only exit and
ordered his troops to open fire and continued to fire until the ammunition
were exhausted. This massacre turned the entire India against the British.

3. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT - Turkey lost all her territories. The Sultan was
deprived of real power and authority even over those territories which were
left under his control. This angered the Muslims in in India.
A Khilafat Committee was formed to champion the cause of the Caliph of
Turkey. Ali Brother -Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali were the leading
lights in the campaign. Gandhiji saw it as an opportunity of uniting the
Hindus and Muslims and started the Non-cooperation movement in support
of it.

PROGRAMME OF THE MOVEMENT


SWADESHI PROGRAMME

1. Hindu -Muslim Unity


2. Removal of untouchability
3. Swadeshi and khadi
4. Prohibition of intoxicating drinks
5. Promotion of national education
6. Upliftment of women
BOYCOTT PROGRAMME
1. Boycott of Legislature council
2. Boycott of Law courts
3. Boycott of Government Schools and Colleges
4. Return of titles and Honorary posts
5. Boycott of British goods
6. Refusal to attend government functions

SUSPENSION OF THE NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT – CHAURI


CHAURA INCIDENT

On February 5th 1922 a clash took place at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur in UP. A
Police office had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. A whole crowd
gathered and went to the Police station. The Mob set the station on fire , burning
alive 22 policemen. This incident of violence shocked Gandhiji and withdrew the
non -cooperation movement.

IMPACT OR SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MOVEMENT

1. The movement provided great national base to the Congress. All sections of
the society, like peasants, workers, lawyers, students, women participated in
the struggle for freedom.
2. It undermined the power and Prestige of the British Government.
3. Repression failed the to crush the spirit if the people. It made the people
bold and patriotic.
4. Gandhi was determined to emancipate the poor and the oppressed.
5. It brought about Hindu-Muslim Unity.
6. Spread Nationalism to every part of the country.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT

REASONS / CIRCUMSTANCES LEADING TO THE CICIL DISOBEDIENCE


MOVEMENT

1. THE SIMON COMMISSION


The British government appointed the Indian statutory commission
popularly known as Simon Commission to investigate the need for further
constitutional reforms. It was composed of 7 British member of the
Parliament. It has no Indian. The day the commision reached Bombay an All
India Hartal was organised. Leading the demonstration was Lala Lajpat Rai
who was hurt and lost his life as a result of the Lathi blows.
( learn the recommendation of Simon commision from the text book)

2. LAHORE SESSION AND THE DEMAND FOR ‘POORNA SWARAJ’- At


its historic Lahore Session presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru in December
1929, the Congress passed a resolution declaring Poorna Swaraj to be the
objective of the Congress.

DANDI MARCH
Mahatma Gandhi started his historic march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a
village on the Gujarat coast.78 people followed him but as Gandhi advanced others
joined. They reached on 5th April and on the 6th of April Gandhi violated the salt
laws by picking up some salt left by the sea waves. Gandhi chose to violate salt
laws because it effected the common masses.

PROGRAMME OF THE MOVEMENT


1. Boycott of liquor , foreign cloth and all British goods
2. It involved violation of salt laws
3. Non-payment of taxes and Land revenue
4. Violation of laws of different kind.
GANDHI -IRWIN PACT
Gandhi wanted peace, but with honour. The Government also wanted peace but
without trouble. Under such circumstances the famous Gandhi-Irwin Pact was
signed on March 5th, 1931.
Lord Irwin agreed to:-
1. Release all the prisoners except those who are guilty of violence.
2. Permit peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth.
3. To give back the congressmen their confiscated property.
4. To permit people who lived near the seashore to manufacture salt.
5. Withidraw all ordinances and end persecutions.
The Congress in turn agreed to:
1. Suspend the civil disobedience movement
2. To participate in the Second Round Table Conference
3. Not to press for investigation into police excesses.

SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE


According to Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji attended the congress as a sole
representative.
The conference was soon deadlock on the minority issue with separate electorates
for Muslims, depressed classes, Anglo Indians, Sikhs. The questions of
Independence receded to the background.
The British government refused to concede the immediate grant of dominion
status, Gandhiji returned to India disappointed.

IMPACT OR SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MOVMENT

1. The movement caused a tide of patriotic fervour in the country. People’s


patriotism would not leave the government in peace.
2. The government was convinced that bold constitutional reforms were now
essential. The Government of India Act 1935 introduced the responsible
government in the provinces.
3. The struggle had a healthy effect upon the life of the exploited, the poor and
the oppressed.
4. It widened the base of the freedom struggle with the participation of women
in large numbers.
5. It made people understand the significance of the principles of non-violence.

Questions:
1. Mention any two causes that led to the Non-Cooperation movement?
2. What was known as the Black Bill?
3. Why was the Rowlatt Act passed?
4. When did the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy occur?
5. Why was the Khilafat movement launched?
6. Name the two prominent leaders of the Khilafat movement?
7. Mention two item each of the positive and negative programmes of the No-
Cooperation movement?
8. Why did Gandhi suspend the Non-Cooperation movement? OR explain the
Chauri Chara incident?
9. What was the significance of the Non-Cooperation movement?
10.In which year and in which session did congress declare Purna Swaraj as its
objective?
11.On which day did Gandhi begin his Historic march from Sabarmati Ashram
to Dandi?
12.Mention any two reasons why the Civil disobedience movement was
launched?
13.Mention any two terms of the Gandhi Irwin Pact?
14.Why was Gandhi disgusted with the deliberations at the Second Round
Table Conference?
15.Mention any two significances of the Civil Disobedience movement?

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy