Course Code General Education 001 Semester 1st

Course Title Purposive Communication Academic Year 2024-2025

Summary of
Chapter 3: Communication for Various Purposes Report

Lesson I
“Preparing a Speech or Oral Report”

When preparing a speech or oral report, start by defining your purpose and
audience. Understanding why you’re speaking and to whom will guide you in
choosing relevant content, tone, and style. For example, a presentation to
classmates may be more informal, while a report to a formal audience would require
a more professional tone. Having a clear purpose ensures that your main message
remains focused and meaningful.

1. Planning and Researching Your Topic:

Begin by gathering all necessary information on your topic. Research thoroughly,
especially if your topic is complex or technical. Make sure to use credible sources
and gather enough supporting evidence or examples to back up your main points.
This step helps you not only build a strong foundation for your presentation but also
prepares you for any questions the audience might have.

2. Structuring the Speech:

A well-organized speech typically follows a three-part structure: introduction, body,
and conclusion.

Introduction: In the introduction, capture the audience’s attention. You might

start with a question, a surprising fact, a quote, or even a short story.
Introduce your topic and briefly outline the main points you’ll cover. A strong
introduction makes your audience interested and prepared to follow your
ideas.

Body: The body is the core of your presentation where you present your main
points. Each point should be explained clearly and supported by facts,
examples, or data, depending on the topic. Aim for clarity and simplicity in
your explanations to make your message more understandable. Using
transitions between ideas or points will help the audience follow along without
getting lost.

Conclusion: Your conclusion should summarize your main points, reinforcing

the ideas you want the audience to remember. It’s also a good time to leave a
 lasting impression by ending with a strong, memorable statement, a call to
action, or something that encourages further thought.

3. Preparing for Delivery:

Practicing your delivery is essential. This includes working on tone, pace, and body
language. Speaking too fast can make it hard for the audience to understand, while
speaking too slowly might make it seem like you’re not confident. Practice speaking
clearly and at a comfortable pace. Body language—such as hand gestures, facial
expressions, and eye contact—can help make your message more engaging and
show that you’re interested in the topic.

4. Overcoming Nervousness:
If you feel nervous, remember that preparation is the best way to boost your
confidence. Practice your speech several times, even in front of friends or a mirror.
This can make you feel more familiar with the material and reduce anxiety. Breathing
exercises, positive thinking, and focusing on the message instead of yourself can
also help ease nervousness.

5. Engaging the Audience:

Consider ways to keep your audience engaged. This might include asking questions,
encouraging participation, or using visual aids, such as slides or props, if
appropriate. Involving your audience makes the presentation feel interactive and can
help keep their attention on your message.

In summary, preparing a speech or oral report involves careful planning, research,

organization, and practice. When you understand your topic and audience, structure
your presentation well, and practice effectively, you can deliver a speech that is clear,
confident, and engaging.
Lesson II
“Informative, Persuasive, and Argumentative Communication”

In communication, understanding the purpose behind your message helps shape

how you present it. Informative, persuasive, and argumentative communication are
three major types, each with distinct goals and methods.

1. Informative Communication
The goal of informative communication is to present facts, data, or instructions
without the intention of changing opinions. It’s objective and designed to enhance the
audience’s understanding of a topic. Common examples include news articles,
educational lectures, and how-to guides. Informative communication is clear, well-
organized, and typically neutral, focusing solely on conveying information accurately.

2. Persuasive Communication
Persuasive communication aims to influence the audience’s beliefs, attitudes, or
actions. Unlike informative communication, persuasive messages often include
emotional appeals, strong opinions, and a clear stance. This type of communication
is commonly seen in advertising, political speeches, or opinion articles, where the
speaker or writer wants the audience to adopt a specific viewpoint or take a certain
action. Key elements in persuasive communication include appealing to emotions,
using credible evidence, and establishing a connection with the audience to build
trust.

3. Argumentative Communication
Argumentative communication is a more structured form of persuasion that relies
heavily on logic, evidence, and reasoning. Its goal is to prove a specific point through
well-supported arguments, often by addressing opposing viewpoints. Argumentative
communication is commonly used in academic essays, debates, or research papers.
It requires presenting evidence and reasoning to support claims while considering
and refuting counterarguments. Argumentative communication relies more on factual
support and logical reasoning than emotional appeal, making it effective for complex
issues where thorough analysis is needed.

4. Key Differences and Purpose

The key differences between these types lie in their purpose and style. Informative
communication educates without trying to change the audience's mind. Persuasive
communication appeals to emotions and beliefs to encourage change.
Argumentative communication aims to prove a point through logic and evidence,
making it ideal for discussing debatable topics.
Lesson III
“Public Speaking: General Types of Special-Occasion Speeches”

Public speaking often includes delivering speeches for special occasions, where the
goal is to honor, celebrate, inspire, or entertain. Each type of special-occasion
speech has its own purpose and approach, tailored to the specific event and
audience. Here are the general types:

1. Ceremonial Speeches
These speeches are used during formal events or ceremonies. They include
welcome speeches, introductions, award presentations, and acceptances. The
purpose is to celebrate an individual or event, set the tone, and often express
appreciation or recognition. For example, an award acceptance speech thanks those
who contributed to the achievement, while an introduction sets the stage for the main
speaker.

2. Tribute or Commemorative Speeches

Tribute or commemorative speeches honor a person, group, or event, often delivered
at memorials, anniversaries, or ceremonies recognizing someone’s life or
contributions. These speeches are heartfelt and express admiration or respect.
Eulogies, for example, pay tribute to a deceased person’s life and legacy, while
commemorative speeches celebrate anniversaries or significant historical events.

3. Inspirational Speeches
Inspirational speeches aim to uplift, motivate, or encourage the audience. These are
often seen in settings like graduations, commencements, or motivational events. Key
elements of an inspirational speech include sharing personal stories, achievements,
or challenges that connect emotionally with the audience and inspire positive actions
or beliefs.

4. After-Dinner or Entertainment Speeches

These are lighthearted speeches often intended to entertain while still making a
meaningful point. Commonly used at banquets, receptions, or informal gatherings,
after-dinner speeches mix humor with insights or reflections. They may touch on
topics relevant to the group or event, aiming to keep the mood enjoyable while
offering thoughtful or entertaining insights.

5. Toasts and Roasts

Toasts are short speeches that celebrate a person or event, often used at weddings,
birthdays, or special gatherings. They are positive, uplifting, and generally brief.
Roasts, on the other hand, involve humor and good-natured teasing, often given
among friends or colleagues. Though playful, roasts still show respect and
appreciation for the honoree.

Lesson IV
“Types of Speeches Based on Delivery”

The way a speech is delivered greatly affects its impact. Speeches can be delivered
in various styles depending on the speaker’s preparation, setting, and intended effect
on the audience. There are four main types of speeches based on delivery:

1. Impromptu Speeches
Impromptu speeches are given with little to no preparation, often in spontaneous or
unexpected situations, such as a sudden request to share an opinion or respond to a
question. These speeches require quick thinking, clarity, and confidence, and often
rely on the speaker’s natural ability to communicate their thoughts clearly. Impromptu
speeches are generally brief and informal.

2. Manuscript Speeches
Manuscript speeches are fully written out and read word-for-word. This method is
used in situations where accuracy and carefully chosen wording are essential, like
political addresses, news broadcasts, or ceremonial speeches. While reading from a
manuscript provides exactness, it can limit eye contact and reduce engagement if
the speaker sounds overly rehearsed or fails to connect with the audience.

3. Memorized Speeches
In a memorized speech, the speaker commits the entire speech to memory and
delivers it without notes or a script. This type is commonly used in short speeches,
like toasts or introductions, and allows for full eye contact and interaction with the
audience. However, memorized speeches can be challenging to deliver naturally,
and there’s a risk of forgetting parts of the speech if nervous or distracted.

4. Extemporaneous Speeches
Extemporaneous speeches are carefully prepared and practiced but not memorized
word-for-word. Instead, the speaker uses notes or an outline to guide them through
the main points. This method combines preparation with flexibility, allowing the
speaker to adjust their words naturally. Extemporaneous speeches are often used in
presentations, classrooms, or business settings, as they balance organization with
spontaneity and audience engagement.

Understanding these types helps speakers deliver their message effectively and
connect with the audience in the most appropriate way.
Lesson V
“Making Inquiries (Both Oral and Written)”

Making inquiries, whether oral or written, is a vital communication skill used to seek
information, clarify details, or resolve questions. Knowing how to craft and present
inquiries effectively can ensure that you receive accurate and helpful responses.

1.Oral Inquiries
Oral inquiries are typically made in face-to-face conversations, over the phone, or in
virtual meetings. They allow for immediate feedback, enabling you to ask follow-up
questions or clarify responses in real-time. To make effective oral inquiries, speak
clearly, be specific about what you’re asking, and remain polite and attentive. For
instance, when inquiring about a service or product, it’s best to prepare key
questions in advance to ensure you gather all necessary information.

2.Written Inquiries
Written inquiries, often made via email, letters, or online forms, provide a permanent
record of the question and response, which can be useful for future reference.
Writing an effective inquiry involves clarity, conciseness, and professionalism. Begin
with a polite greeting, state your purpose clearly, and include any relevant details to
ensure the recipient understands your question fully. Ending with a polite closing, like
“Thank you for your assistance,” adds to the professionalism of the message.

Tips for Effective Inquiries

Be Specific-Whether oral or written, ensure your question is direct and specific to

avoid misunderstandings.
Use Polite Language- Politeness encourages the recipient to respond positively and
is essential in maintaining professionalism.
Prepare- In oral inquiries, jotting down main questions can help you stay focused. In
written inquiries, organizing your questions and details helps the reader respond
accurately.
Follow-Up -If the response is unclear or incomplete, don’t hesitate to ask follow-up
questions.

Summary
Making inquiries, both oral and written, requires clarity, politeness, and preparation.
Effective inquiries are direct and detailed enough to avoid misunderstandings and
increase the likelihood of a helpful response. Whether asking questions in person,
over the phone, or in writing, these strategies help ensure smooth communication
and successful information exchange.