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Percentile Classes
Graphs – Functions – Maxima Minima
Table of Content

Theory……………………………………..….02
Exercise 01 : Graphs…………………....12
Exercise 02 : Domain Range.….……..22
Exercise 03 : Maxima Minima..………23
Exercise 04 : Function.…………………..31
Exercise 05 : Short Answers...……....44
Exercise 06 : Special Questions……..48
Exercise 07 : OLD is GOLD 05………….53

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Maxima Minima minimum vale by breaking this

equation into the sum of a
Finding Maxima and Minima in
whole square and whatever is
Some typical cases
left, i.e., 𝑃2 + Q.
1. Maxima and minima of 5
quadratic equation 𝑥 2 – 5x + 6= [𝑥 2 − 2. 𝑥. +
2
The standard methods of 5 1 5 2 1
( )2 ] − = (𝑥 − ) -
finding the maxima and the minima 2 4 2 4
of all the quadratic equations are
as follows: Who know that the minimum
5
Let us discuss these methods value of (𝑥 − )2 is equal to zero,
2
with respect to a particular 1
so the minimum value of y = − .
equation y = 𝑥 2 – 5x + 6. 4

2. Maxima and minima of any

(a) Graphical method
modulus
As we have seen in the
Here, we will discuss some
concepts of quadratic equation,
more situations involving
graph of y = a𝑥 2 + bx + c = 0
modulus. Let us see this with
will have its
−𝑏 the help of an example:
Minimum value at x = and
2𝑎
−𝐷
𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 = , when a is positive Finding the maximum and the
4𝑎
−𝑏 minimum value of y = y (x) =
Maximum value at x = and |x+3| + |x-5| + |x-7|
2𝑎
−𝐷
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = , when a is negative
4𝑎
Maximum value: Obviously,
So, the minimum value of y = the maximum value can be
2
𝑥 – 5x + 6 will be extended upto +∝.
−𝐷 −1
𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = . Minimum value: In this case, all
4𝑎 4
the three parts of f(x), i.e, |x+3|,
(b) Quadratic equation |x-5|, and |x-7| cannot be
method simultaneously equal to zero.
Suppose we have found the So, we are required to find the
minimum value of y = 𝑥 2 − critical points here at first, and
5𝑥 + 6, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 find the then these points in f(x) to see

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that which one gives us the Example. Find the maximum

minimum value. and the minimum value of xy
subject to x + y = 8.
To obtain critical points, put all (a) 8 (b)
the three components |x+3|, |x- 16 (c)
5| and |x-7| one by one equal to 20 (d)
zero. 24

|x+3| = 0 so x=-3 Solution: The maximum value

|x-5| = 0 so x = 5 of xy will occur then x = y = 4.
|x-7| = 0 so x = 7
So, the maximum value of xy =
Now, putting these values in 4 x 4 = 16.
f(x) gives us the following
result: To obtain the minimum value,
we can take either x or y to be
At x = -3, f(x) = 18 negative, and then the product
At x = 5, f(x) = 10 of xy will be negative. This
At x = 7, f(x) = 12 process continues till -∝ so, the
minimum value of xy = -∝.
So, value the minimum value of
f(x) = 10 2. If the product of two or
more than two positive
3. Finding the maximum or the variables is given, the n there
minimum value of the sum will be the minimum
product/sum of two or more when the value of all the
than two variables when the variable are equal.
sum/product of these variables
is given. Example: What is the minimum
𝑥 3 +𝑥+2
value of f(x) = = x > 0?
1. If sum of two or more than 𝑥
two variables is given,
𝑥 2 +𝑥+2
then the product will be Solution Since = 𝑥2 +
𝑥
maximum when the value 1 1
1+ +
of all the variables are 𝑥 𝑥
equal.
The product of all the terms
1 1
𝑥 2 , 1, , and is 1, the sum of
𝑥 𝑥

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these terms will have the (b) Given that ax + by = K

1 (constant)
minimum value for 𝑥 2 = 1 = ,
𝑥
Maximum value of 𝒙𝒑 𝒚𝒒 is
that is, for x = 1. Hence, the 𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒚
minimum value of f(x) is 4. obtained when = , converse
𝒑 𝒒
of the above expression is also
3. Using arithmetic mean, true.
geometric mean, and Value of ax + by is obtained
harmonic mean to find the 𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒚
when = ,
maxima and the minima 𝒑 𝒒
(i) AM ≥ GM ≥ HM
(ii)(𝐺𝑀)2 = AM x HM (for two
numbers only) Graphs and Domain
Example: If a, b, c, and d are Domain & Graphs different types of
positive real numbers such that functions
a + b+ c+ d = 2, then which of
the following is true regarding A function f: A → B is called a
the values of N = (a+b) (c+d)? real valued if the image of
every element of A, under F is
Solution: Using AM ≥ GM a real number i.e, if f(x) ∈ R ∀ x
∈A
1
[(a+b) + (c+d)] ≥ [(𝑎 + 𝑏)]1/2 =
2
1 y = f(x)
(2) ≥ (𝑁)1/2
2
x → independent variable
Also, (a+b) (c+d) ≥ 0 y → dependent variable
So, 0 ≤ N ≤ 1 Domains: the values of x must
be such that for every x, y must
be real is called the domains.
Some Special Cases:
In other words the value of x for
(a) Given that a + b+ c + d… = K which the values of f(x) in not a
(constant) real number cannot be included
Maximum value of in the domain of the function y
(𝒂𝒙 , 𝒃𝒙 , 𝒄𝒛 . 𝒅𝒕 …..) will be obtained = f(x), there are five different
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒅
if = = = = …. common situations where the
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 𝒕
domain of f(x) for some

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particular value (s) is not

defined. (e) when the value of a in
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 becomes 1 or 0 or negative.
(a) When base of (𝟏/𝟐𝒏)𝒕𝒉 ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 detined.
power is negative for any n ∈ Similarly, 𝑙𝑜𝑔(−3) 10 is not
I: defined.

If 𝑥 1/2 = k ➔ x = 𝑘 2 since 𝑘 2 is
always positive even when x is Range: The set of all images
negative, therefore this equality is of all the elements of domain.
not satisfied. It can be obtained by one of
the following ways.
Hence the domain of definition
of y = √𝑥 is defined for only x ≥ 0 (i) obtaining x in terms of y
i.e., not defined for x < 0 and then finding the values of y
for which we get real x.
(b) When denominator of a
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥+2
function is zero : If is e.g., f(x) = =y
2𝑥 𝑥+3
𝑥 2 +2
such that x = 0, then is not  yx + 3y = x +2
2𝑥
1
defined i.e., then function y =  x(y-1) = (2-3y)
𝑥 2−3𝑦
is defined only for x ≠ 0 (i.e., x=
𝑦−1
non zero real numbers)
therefore the domain of For y = 1, there is no real value
1
function f(x) = is (-∞, 0 of x for the above equation is
𝑥
)∪(0,∞) or (-∞, ∞) – {0} or -∞ < satisfied hence.
x 0 ∪ 0 < x < ∞. Range = R – {1}
R → Set of real numbers
(c) When function becomes
𝟎𝟎 . (ii)If the given function is
Example y = (|𝑥| − 3)(𝑥−3) continuous, then range = [l,
is undefined for x = 3 m] where l is the least value
of the function in its domain
(d) When the value of x in and m is the maximum value
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 becomes nonpositive (I.e, in its domain.
negative or zero)
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔0 (−3) is not defined. Algebraic Functions:
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Domain: it is the set of real

A function which contains finite numbers
number of terms having Range: it is a particular real
different powers of independent number {c}
variable (x) and the operations
+, -, x, + is called algebraic Identity function
function e.g., y = x i.e., f (x)
=x
4𝑥 2 - 3𝑥 1/2 + 7, 5𝑥 2 + 13x + 8,
𝑥 2 +1
etc.
𝑥 2 −2

(A-1) polynomial functions: A

function f(x) of the following
form is known as polynomial
function.
(i.e, input equals to output of
f(x) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + … + pre image equals to image)
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 Domain → It is the set of real
numbers.
Where n ∈ N and 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , Range → It is also the set of
𝑎3 ….𝑎𝑛 ∈ R real numbers.

Domains: It is the set of real Linear function

numbers
Range: It is the set of real y = mx + c (m, c ∈ R, m is
numbers positive)

Constant function: f(x) = c,

c ∈ R, c is constant.

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Range → R (Set of real

Domain → It is the set of real numbers)
number.
Range → It is also the set of Biquadratic function
real number. 𝑦 =
4
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥
Quadratic function ∴ f(x) = f(-x)
y = f (x) = 𝑥 2

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (−𝑥) ∴ f (x) = f (-x) is symmetric

about y axis.
∴ Graph of f(x) is symmetric Domain → R (Set of real
about y axis. numbers)
Domain → It is the set of real Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e, set of
values. non negative real numbers.
Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e., non-
negative real numbers.
Graph and some Rational
Cubic equation Function
y = f(x) = 𝑥 3
𝟏
1. y = f(x) =
𝒙

∴ Graph of f(x) is symmetric

about origin y(x) = - f (-x)
Domain → R (Set of real Domain → R – {0}; Set of
numbers) none zero rational numbers

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Range → R – {0}; set of non- 1. y = f(x) = 𝒙𝟏/𝟐 (i.e., √𝒙)

zero rational numbers
𝟏
2. y = f (x) =
𝒙𝟐

 f (x) = f (-x)

Domain → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e, set of

non-negative real numbers.
Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e., set of
non-negative real numbers

2. y = f(x) = 𝒙𝟏/𝟑
Domain → R – {0} i.e., set of
non-zero rational numbers
Range → 𝑅 + i.e., set of
positive rational numbers
Domain → (i.e., set of real
𝟏
2. y = f(x) = numbers)
𝒙𝟑
Range → R (i.e., set of real
numbers)
f (-x) = -f(x)
3. y = f (x) = 𝒙𝟏/𝟒

Domain → R – {0} i.e., set of Domain → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e, set

non-zero rational numbers of non-negative real numbers
Range → R – {0} i.e., set of Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e., set of
non-zero rational number. non-negative real numbers

Graphs of some simple

irrational functions

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Functions

Even Function
Let a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) be given in
a certain interval. The function is Odd Functions
said to be even if for any value of x. Let a function y = f(x) be given
in a certain interval. The function is
→ f(x) = f(-x) said to be odd if for any value of x

(a) The sum difference, f(x) = -f(-x)

product and quotient of an even
function is also an even function. Properties of odd functions.
(b) The graph of an (a) The sum and
even function is symmetrical about difference of an odd function is an
the y-axis. odd function.
(b) The product and
However, when ,y is the quotient of an odd function is an
independent variable, it is even function.
symmetrical about the y axis. In (c) The graph of an odd
other words. if x = (f(y) is an function is symmetrical abo the
even function, then the graph origin.
of this function will be
symmetrical about the.x-axis. Inverse of a Function
Example: x = 𝑦 2 .
Let there be a function y = f(x),
Examples of even functions: y which is defined for the domain D
= 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 , 𝑦 = −3𝑥 8 , y = 𝑥 2 and has a range R.
𝑥4
+ 3, y = , 𝑦 = |𝑥| are all even Then, by definition, for every
5
functions. value of the independent
variable x in the domain D,
The symmetry about the y-axis there exists a certain value of
of an even function is illustrated the dependent variable v. In
below. certain cases the same value
of the dependent variable y can
be got for different values of x.
For example, if y = 𝑥 2 , then for

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x = 2 and x = -2 give the value of the first and the third

of y as 4. quadrants).

In such a case, the inverse Shifting of Graphs

function of the function y = f(x)
does not exist. The ability to visualize how
graphs shift when the basic
However, if a function y = f(x) is analytical expression is
such that for every value of y changed is a very important
(from the range of the function skill. For instance if you knew
R) (here corresponds one and how to visualize the graph of
only one value of x from the (𝑥 + 2)2 - 5. It will definitely
domain D, then the inverse add a lot of value to your ability
function of y = f(x) exists and is to solve questions of functions
given by x = g(y). Here it can and all related chapters of
be noticed that x becomes the block 5 graphically.
dependent variable and y
becomes the independent In order to be able to do so,
variable. Hence, this function you first need to understand the
has a domain R and a range D. following points clearly:

Under the above situation, the (1) The relationship between

graph of y = f(x) and x = g(y) are the graph of y = f(x) and y =
one and the same. f(x) + c (where c represents a
positive constant): The shape
However, when denoting the of the graph of y =f(x) + c will
inverse of the function, we be the same as that of the y =
normally denote the f(x) graph. The only difference
independent variable by y and, would be in terms of the fact
hence, the inverse function of y that fix) + c is shifted c units up
=f(x) is denoted by y = g(x) and on the x - y plot.
not by x = g(y)
The following figure will make it
The graphs of two inverse clear for you:
functions when this change is Example: Relationship between
used are symmetrical about the y = 𝑥 2 and y = f(x) - c;
line y = x (which is the bisector

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In this case the graph will get

shifted c units to the left.
(Remember, c was a positive
constant)
Example:

(2) The relation-ship between y

=f(x) and y = f(x) – c;
In tins case while the shape
remains the same, the position
(4) The relationship between y
of the graph gets shifted c units
=f(x) and y = f(x-c);
down.
In this case the graph will get
shifted c units to the right on the x -
y plane.

(3) The relationship

between y = f(x) and y =
f(x+c);

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Exercise 01
Graphs

1. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

2. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

3. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

4. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

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Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)

Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

5. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

6. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

7. Which of the following curves correctly represents

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y = |x-2|

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

8. Which of the following represents the curve of y = log |x|?

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(d) None of these

9. Which of the following options correctly represents the curve of f(x) =

(𝑥 − 1)3

(d) None of these

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10. In the question a graph of a function is being shown select the correct
equation of the function of the graph.

(a) y = |x-1| (b) x = |y| + 1

(c) y = |x| - 1 (d) y = |x| - 2

11. In the question a graph of a function is being shown select the correct
equation of the function of the graph.

(a) x = |y| + y (b) y = |x| + x

(c) y = |x| (d) x = |y|

12. In the question a graph of a function is being shown select the correct
equation of the function of the graph.

(a) x = y +1 (b) y = x -1
(c) x = y -1 (d) none of these

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Directions(13 - 16): Followings graphs represent various functions. Match

the figure with the appropriate function.

13. f(x) = -x
(a) B (b) C (c) E (d) D

14. f (x) = |x|

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

15. f(x) = -|x|

(a) E (b) B (c) A (d) F

16. f(x) = x
(a) E (b) F (c) A (d) B

17. The shaded region in the diagram represents the relation:

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(a) y≤x (b) |y| < |x|

(c) y ≤ |x| (d) |y| ≤ x

18. The set {(x, y): |x| + |y| ≤ 1} is represented by shaded region in one of
the four figures. Which one is it?

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Exercise 01 Solutions

1. Ans. (a) function, mark (c) if the function

Solution: You essentially have is neither even nor odd.
to mark (a) if it is an even Also, option (d) would occur if
function, mark (b), if it is an odd the function does not exist
function, mark (c) if the function atleast one point of the domain.
is neither even nor odd. This means one of two things.
Also, option (d) would occur if Either the function is returning
the function does not exist two values for one value of x.
atleast one point of the domain. (as in question 26, 30, 37 and
This means one of two things. 38) or the function has a break
Either the function is returning in between (not seen in any of
two values for one value of x. these questions).
2. Ans. (c) 4. Ans. (a)
Solution: You essentially have Solution: You essentially have
to mark (a) if it is an even to mark (a) if it is an even
function, mark (b), if it is an odd function, mark (b), if it is an odd
function, mark (c) if the function function, mark (c) if the function
is neither even nor odd. is neither even nor odd.
Also, option (d) would occur if Also, option (d) would occur if
the function does not exist the function does not exist
atleast one point of the domain. atleast one point of the domain.
This means one of two things. This means one of two things.
Either the function is returning Either the function is returning
two values for one value of x. two values for one value of x.
(as in question 26, 30, 37 and (as in question 26, 30, 37 and
38) or the function has a break 38) or the function has a break
in between (not seen in any of in between (not seen in any of
these questions). these questions).
3. Ans. (a) 5. Ans. (b)
Solution: You essentially have Solution: You essentially have
to mark (a) if it is an even to mark (a) if it is an even
function, mark (b), if it is an odd function, mark (b), if it is an odd
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function, mark (c) if the function

is neither even nor odd.
Also, option (d) would occur if
the function does not exist
atleast one point of the domain.
This means one of two things.
Either the function is returning
8. Ans. (c)
two values for one value of x.
Solution: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
(as in question 26, 30, 37 and
38) or the function has a break
in between (not seen in any of
these questions).
6. Ans. (c)
Solution: You essentially have
to mark (a) if it is an even
f (x) → f(|x|)
function, mark (b), if it is an odd
Take mirror image about y-axis
function, mark (c) if the function
Log |x| →
is neither even nor odd.
Also, option (d) would occur if
the function does not exist
atleast one point of the domain.
This means one of two things.
Either the function is returning
two values for one value of x. 9. Ans. (a)
(as in question 26, 30, 37 and Solution: 𝑥 3 →
38) or the function has a break
in between (not seen in any of
these questions).
We see even functions in 25,
31, 32, 33 and 34 [symmetry
about the y axis].
7. Ans. (b)
Solution:
(𝑥 − 1)3 →

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[Shift curve one unit right] Here if x = 1, then y = -1

If x = 0, then y = 0
If x = -1 then y = 1
Put these coordinates on
graph, which is graph (E).
So, the answer is option (c).
14. Ans. (a)
10. Ans. (c) Solution: y = f(x) = (x)
Solution. at x = 1 y = 0 Here if x = -1, then y = 1
x = -1 y=0 If x = 0, then y = 1
x=0 y = -1 If x = 1 then y = 1
x=2 y=1 These are the coordinates of
x = -2 y=1 graph (A)
11. Ans. (b) So, the answer is option (a).
Solution. y = |x| + x 15. Ans. (b)
At x=0 y Solution: y = f(x) = -|x|
=0 Here if x = 1, then y = -1
x=1 y=2 If x = 0, then y = 0
x=2 y=4 If x = -1 then y = -1
x = -1, y=0 Therefore, these are the
x = -2 y=0 coordinates of graph (B).
12. Ans. (c) So, the answer is option (b).
Solution. 16. Ans. (b)
x=y–1 Solution: y = f(x) = x
y =x+1 Here if x = 1, then y = 1
 x = 0, y = 1 If x = 0, then y = 0
 x = -1, y = 0 If x = -1 then y = -1
 x = 1, y = 2 Therefore, these are the
 x = -2, y= 1 coordinate of graph (F)
13. Ans. (c) So, the answer is option (b).
Solution: y = f(x) = -x 17. Ans. (d)
18. Ans. (d)

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Exercise 02
Domain of Function

1. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = |x|.

(a) 0≤x (b) -∞<x<+∞
(c) x<+∞ (d) 0≤x<+∞

2. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = |√𝑥 |

(a) x≥0 (b) -∞<x<+∞
(c) x>0 (d) x<+∞

3. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = (9 − 𝑥 2 )1/2 .

(a) -3≤x≤3 (b) (-∞, -3] ∪ [ 3, ∞)
(c) -3≤x (d) x≤3

1/2
5𝑥− 𝑥 2
4. The domain of definition of y = [𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( )] is
4
(a) [1, 4] (b) [-4, -1]
(c) [0, 5] (d) [-1, 5]

5. The domain of definition of the function

1
y = {𝑙𝑜𝑔 + √𝑥 + 7
10 (3−𝑥)}
(a) (-7,3] – {2} (b) [-7,3]-{1}
(c) (-7,3) – {0} (d) (7,3)

6. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = 1/(𝑥 − |𝑥|)1/2

(a) -∞ < x < ∞ (b) -∞<x<0
(c) 0<x<∞ (d) no where

7. Find the domain of the definition of the function

y = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 [1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16 )].
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(a) (2,3] (b) [2,3)

(c) [2,3] (d) none of these

1
8. The domain of the function f(x) = is:
√𝑥
(a) -∞<x<∞ (b) 0<x<∞
(c) R – {0} (d) 0≤x<∞

9. The domain of the function f(x) = (√𝑥 2 )is:

(a) -∞<x<∞ (b) O<x<∞
(c) R – {0} (d) 𝑅 + ∪ {0}

10. The domain of the function f(x) = log𝑥 2 𝑖𝑠:

(a) R (b) 𝑅 + (c) R – {0} (d) 𝑅 + ∪ {0}

1
11. The domain of y = 𝑖𝑠
√|𝑥|−𝑥
(a) [0, ∞) (b) (0, ∞) (c) (-∞, 0) (d) (-∞, 0)

12. The domain of y = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (√6 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 − 4) is:

(a) R (b) R – {0} (c) [6, ∞) (d) (4, 6)

13. The domain of the function f (x) = √4𝑥 − 3 + √2𝑥 − 6 is:

3
(a) [0, ∞] (b) [ , ∞]
4
4
(c) [ , ∞] (d) [3, ∞]
3

14. The domain of the function f(x) = log (5x-6-𝑥 2 ) 𝑖𝑠:

(a) (5,6) (b) (2,3) (c) (2, ∞) (d) none of these

15. The domain of the function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1 + 𝑥 3 ) is:

(a) (-1, +∞) (b) (0, +∞)
(c) [0, +∞) (d) (-1, 0)

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16. The domain of the real values of function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 |𝑖𝑠:
(a) (1, +∞) (b) (0, +∞)
(c) (e, +∞) (d) None of these

Exercise 02 Solutions

1. Ans. (b) Thus, option (d) is correct.

Solution: y = |x| will be defined for 7. Ans. (d)
all values of x. from = - ∞ to + ∞ 8. Ans. (b)
2. Ans. (a) Solution. √𝑥 is defined only when x
Solution: Since the function ≥0
contains √𝑥 in it, x ≥ 0 would be the But
1
is defined only when x > 0
√𝑥
domain.
Since rational expressions are not
3. Ans. (a)
defined for zero denominator so, √𝑥
Solution: (9-𝑥 2 ) ≥0, -3 ≤ x ≤ 3.
≠0
4. Ans. (a) 1
5𝑥−𝑥 2 ∴ Domain of 𝑖𝑠 (0, ∞) i.e. 𝑅+
Solution: ≥ 1 ➔ 1 ≤ x ≤ 4. √𝑥
4
9. Ans. (a)
5. Ans. (a)
Solution. Since 𝑥 2 is positive for all
Solution: The function would be
values of x
defined when the term
1 i.e., 𝑥2 ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R
is real , which will occur
{𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (3−𝑥)} ∴ √𝑥 2 is defined for all values of R
when x < 3. However if x = 2, then Hence domain of √𝑥 2 is R.
the denominator of the term 10. Ans. (c)
becomes 0. Which should not be Solution. 𝑥 2 is positive for all values
allowed. The other limit of the of x except at x = 0
function gets defined by the Since 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 is defined only if b> 0
constraint defined by the term
∴ domain of 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥 2 is R – {0}
√𝑥 + 7, for √𝑥 + 7 to be real, x ≥ -7 11. Ans. (c)
is the requirement. Hence, the Solution. |x| - x > 0 (∴ |x| - x ≠ 0)
required domain is;  |x| > x also |x| - x > 0 for the
Required domain = -7 ≤ x <3, x ≠ 2 condition of square root. Since |x| is
i.e., x ∈ [-7,3) – {2} positive value and |x|, x are
6. Ans. (d) numerically equal.
Solution: x - |x| is either negative for  Therefore x < 0
x < 0 or 0 for x ≥ 0.

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1 Put them on a number line.

Hence the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = is
√|𝑥|−𝑥
(-∞, 0)
12. Ans. (d) -∞023+∞
Solution. (√6 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 − 4) > 0 Take a value from the internal 2 to 3
Also (6-x) > 0 and (x-4) (say 2.5), it satisfies the inequality.
>0 It can be seen that value of x lies in
between 2 and 3. So, the domain is
∴ 6 > x and x > 4
(2,3) =2 < x < 3.
4<x<6
15. Ans. (b)
∴ domain of given function is (4,6).
Solution: f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1 + 𝑥 3 )
13. Ans. (d)
Here x, cannot be negative number
Solution: For √4𝑥 − 3, 4𝑥 − 3 ≥ 0
and zero.
[since we cannot find under root of
Because f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1+(0)3 ) =
negative values.]
3 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1)= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (0)
Or 4x ≥ 3. So, x ≥ [since 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1= 0]
4
For √2𝑥 − 6, 2𝑥 − 6 ≥ 0 → x ≥ 3 But we cannot find log of zero.
So, for both the equation, x should So, domain is (0, +∞)
be greater than or equal to 3. The 16. Ans. (d)
domain is [3, ∞). Hence, the domain Solution: f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥|
is 3 ≤ x < ∞. For any logarithmic expression,
14. Ans. (b) value of x should be a positive
Solution: f (x) = log (5x – 6 - 𝑥 2 ) number.
Logarithmic function is defined only Hover, for this expression, we
for positive values. cannot take 1 as a value. Of x
So, 5x – 6 𝑥 2 > or > 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 < 0 [Because I we take x = 1, then f(x) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 1| = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |0| = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 0 ]
Root of this equation are 2 and 3.

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Exercise 03
Maxima Minima

1. For what value of x, 𝑥 2 + 10 x + 11 will be the minimum value?

(a) 5 (b) +10 (c) -5 (d) -10

2. Find the maximum value of the function 1/(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2).

(a) 11/4 (b) ¼ (c) 0 (d) none of these

3. Find the minimum value of the function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5).

(a) -4 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) -2

4. If the function R(x) = max (𝑥 2 − 8, 3𝑥, 8), then what is the max value of
R(x)?
1+ √5
(a) 4 (b) (c) ∞ (d) 0
2

5. If 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 + 𝑟 2 = 1, then the maximum value of pqr is:

1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d) None of these
3√3

6. If f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 g (x) = 5 - 𝑥 2 , then the minimum [f(x)] –

maximum [g(x)] is:
17 17
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d) −
8 8

7. What is the minimum value of the expression 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 10?

(a) 0 (b) +∞ (c) -6 (d) +6

8. What is the maximum value of the expression 1 – 6x - 𝑥 2 ?

(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) -∞ (d) None of these

9. What is the maximum value of f(x) = minimum (3-5x, x-3) for every x ∈
(0, 4)?
(a) -1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these
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10. If x + y + z = 24, then the maximum value of xyz is:

(a) 215 (b) 512 (c) 125 (d) 576

11. The minimum value of 4𝑥 + 41−𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, is:

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) none of these

12. What is the maximum value of y = |x-5| + |x-7|?

(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) ∞

13. If y = |x| - 5, then the minimum possible value of y is:

(a) 5 (b) -5 (c) 0 (d) both a and b

14. Let x, y and z be three positive numbers such that x + y + z = 1.

Then minimum value of
1 1 1
(𝑥 + )2 + (𝑦 + )2 + (𝑧 + )2 will be:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
(a) 16 (b) 24 (c) 33 (d) None of these

15. If a, b and c are the positive real numbers, then find the greatest value
of 𝑎2 𝑏 3 𝑐 4 subject to the condition a + b +c = 18.
(a) +∞ (b) 42 . 63 . 84 (c) 16686 (d) None of these
.
16. Consider the following functions:
f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
g(x) = 3x + 4
For what value of x will f[g(x)] have its minimum value?
−11 −11
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 6

17. The minimum value of 3x + 4y, subject to the conditions 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 6 and x

and y are positive, is:
(a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 13 (d) 13

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18. If f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 And g(x) = 5 - 𝑥 2 , then the minimum [f(x)] –

maximum [g(x)] is:
17 −17
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d)
8 8

19. Given y = minimum (x-5, 7-x). what is the minimum value of y?

(a) 0 (b) -∝ (b) +∝ (d) 1

20. Given y = minimum (x-5, 7-x) what is the maximum value of y?

(a) 0 (b) -∝ (b) +∝ (d) 1

Exercise 03 Solutions

1. Ans. (c) 4. Ans. (c)

Solution: dy/dx = 2x + 10 = 0 ➔ Solution: Since R(x) is the
x = -5 maximum amongst the three
2. Ans. (d) given function, its value would
Solution: Since the always be equal to the highest
denominator 𝑥 2 – 3x + 2 has amongst the three, it is easy to
real roots, the maximum value imagine that 𝑥 2 − 8 and 3x are
would be infinity. increasing functions, therefore
3. Ans. (b) the value of the function is
Solution: The minimum value of continuously increasing as you
the function would occur at the increase the value of x,
minimum value of (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5) similarly 𝑥 2 − 8 would be
as this quadratic increasing continuously as your
For t = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 go farther and farther down on
dt/dx = 2x – 2 = 0 ➔ x = 1 the negative side of the axis.
 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 4. Hence, the maximum value of
Thus, minimum value of the R(x) would be infinity. Option
argument of the log is 4. (c) is the correct answer.
So, minimum value of the 5. Ans. (b)
function is 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 4 =2.

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Solution. 𝑝2 x 𝑞 2 x 𝑟 2 is 9. Ans. (d)

1 Solution: for maximum value of
maximum when 𝑝2 = 𝑞 2 = 𝑟 2 =
3
1 f(x) = minimum (3-5x, x-3),
(𝑝𝑞𝑟)2 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = where x ∈ (0,4)
27
x should be 3-5x=x-3
1
= (𝑝𝑞𝑟)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = i.e. x=1
3√3
6. Ans. (d) So, maximum value of f(x) =
Solution: f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 minimum (3-5 x 1, 1-3) =
𝐷 minimum (-2, -2) = -2 which is
Then, minimum of f(x) = - =
4𝑎 the maximum value of f(x).
−(𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐)
10. Ans. (b)
4𝑎
−(9−32) 23 Solution: x + y + z = 24
= = and g (x) = 5- 𝑥 2
4x2 8 If x, y and z all are equal , the
= Then maximum of g(x) = 5 – then value of xyz will be
(0)2 = 5 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2 is a positive maximum.
number or zero. So, x = y = z = 8
The smallest value of 𝑥 2 should
be zero Then, x y z = 8 x 8 x 8 = 512
Then minimum f(x) – maximum 11. Ans. (b)
23 23−40 17
g(x) = −5= =− Solution: We know that A ≥ GM
8 8 8
4𝑥 +41−𝑥
7. Ans. (c) ≥ [4𝑥 𝑥 41−𝑥 ]1/2 =
2
Solution: Minimum value of the [4 (𝑥+1−𝑥) 1/2
]
2 −𝑑
expression 𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 10 𝑖𝑠
4𝑎
−(𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐) −[82 −4 x 1 x 10] 4𝑥 +41−𝑥
= = = or ≥ [4(𝑥+1−𝑥) ]1/2
4𝑎 4x1 2
−24
= -6
4 4𝑥 +41−𝑥
8. Ans. (b) or ≥ 2, or 4𝑥 + 41−𝑥
2
Solution: For expression like - ≥4
𝑥 2 – 6x + 1,
−𝐷
Maximum value = = Hence minimum value = 4
4𝑎
(−6)2 (4 x−1 x 1) 36+4 12. Ans. (d)
=- Solution: It is clearly seen that if
4 x−1 −4
= 10 we increase the value of x in
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the function, then the value of y Maximum [g(x)] = 5

will also increase. Thence, the 19. Ans. (b)
maximum value of the function Solution: Drawing the graphs of
should be (∞) x – 5 and 7 –x tell us that both
13. Ans. (b) the graphs are heading
Solution: y = |x| - 5, then, the towards +∝ and -∝, depending
minimum value of y will be -5 upon the values. So, the
because the minimum value of minimum of y will be -∝.
|x| = 0. 20. Ans. (d)
14. Ans. (d) Solution: Now, the direction of
15. Ans. (b) movement of both the graphs
16. Ans. (c) are opposite (one is going
Solution: f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 towards +∝ and other one is
g (x) = 3x + 4 going towards -∝ for a
Then, f[g(x)] = (3𝑥 + 4)2 = particular set of values and vice
3(3𝑥 + 4) versa)
= 9𝑥 2 + 24x + 16 + 9x + 12 For x < 6, x -5 will provide us
= 9𝑥 2 + 33x + 28 the minimum value, and for x >
Then, the value of x for which 6, 7 –x will provide us with the
f[g(x)] has its minimum value = minimum value, and at x = 1,
𝑏 −33 −11 we will get the values equal.
= =
2𝑎 2𝑥9 6
This x = 6 is the point for which
17. Ans. (a)
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = minimum (x-5, 7-x) is
18. Ans. (d)
obtained.
Solution: Minimum [f(x)] =
minimum (2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4) = 46/
16

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Exercise 04
Function/Maxima/Minima

1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 3 , then 𝑓(3𝑥) will be equal to

(a) √3𝑥 3 (b) 3√𝑥 3 (c) 3√(3𝑥 3 ) (d) 3 √𝑥 5

2. If f(x) is an even function, then the graph y = f (x) will be symmetrical

about
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis
(c) both the axes (d) none of these

3. If f(x) is an odd function, the then graph y = f (x) will be symmetrical

about
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis
(c) both the axes (d) origin

4. Which of the following is an even function?

(a) 𝑥 −8 (b) 𝑥 3 (c) 𝑥 −33 (d) 𝑥 7

1
5. f (x) = , g(x) = |3x-2|
𝑥
Then f(g(x)) = ?
1 1 1
(a) (b) | - 2| (c) −2 (d) none of these
(|3𝑥−2| 3𝑥 |3𝑥|

6. If u (t) = 4t – 5, v(t) = 𝑡 2 and f(t) = 1/t, then the formula for u (f(v(t)) is
1 4 4
(a) (b) (c) −5 (d) none of these
(4𝑡−5)2 (𝑡−5) 𝑡2

𝑡
7. If f(t) = √𝑡, g(t) = and h (t) = 4t – 8, then the formula for g(f(h(t))) will be
4
√𝑡−2
(a) (b) 2√𝑡 – 8
4

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√(4𝑡−8) √(𝑡−8)
(c) (d)
4 4

8. Which of the following is an even function?

𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 (b) 𝑒 −𝑥 (c) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 (d)
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥

9. h[f(2,3,1), g(3,4,2), h(1/3,1/3,3)]

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) 0 (b) 23760 (c) 2640 (d) none of these

10. g[f(1,0,0), g(0,1,0), h(1,1,1)]

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) none of these

11. f[f(1,1,1), g(1,1,1), h(1,1,1)]

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (d) none of these

12. f(1,2,3) – g(1,2,3) + h(1,2,3)

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) -6 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 8

13. What is the maximum possible value of (21 sin x + 72 cos x)?
(a) 21 (b) 57 (c) 63 (d) 75

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14. If f(t) = (t-1)/(t+1), then f(f(t))) will be equal to

(a) 1/t (b) -1/t (c) t (d) -t

15. If f(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 then value of fog will be

(a) x (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) e

1
16. If 3f (x+2) + 4𝑓 (
𝑥+2
) = 4x, x ≠ -2, then f(4) =
(a) 7 (b) -52/7 (c) 8 (d) none of these

𝑥
17. if 𝑓 (𝑥) = , then f(f(f(x))) is :
√1+ 𝑥 2
3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√1+𝑥 2 √1+3𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2 √3+3𝑥 2

4𝑥
18. If f(x) = then the value of f(x) + f(1-x) is :
4 𝑥 +2
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) can’t be determined

𝑥
19. Let f(x) = then f(x+1) = ?
𝑥+3
3𝑥+2 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 2𝑥+3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑥+2 𝑥+4 𝑥+3 𝑥+3

20. If f(x) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) is :

(a) 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 + 1 (b) x (𝑥 + 1)2
(c) 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1) (d) none of these

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥
21. Let a function is defined as f(x) = ; a > 0, what is the value of
2
f(x+y) + f(x-y) ?
(a) f (x) + f(y) (b) f (x) f(y) (c) 2 f(x) f(y) (d) 4f(x) f(y)

30−𝑥
22. If | | < 4, then find x:
5
(a) -6<x<6 (b) 10 < x < 50
(c) x > 10 (d) None of these

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𝑥+1
23. If f(x) = , x ≠ 1 then find f(f(f(f(2)))).
𝑥−1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

24. If f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 −1 (x) is:

(a) 𝑥 5 (b) √𝑥 + 2 (c) √𝑥 + 2 (d) none of these

𝑥−1
25. If f(x) then 𝑓 −1 (x) is:
𝑥+1
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
1−𝑥 1−𝑥 𝑥+1

26. Given that f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 and

g(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) = g(f(x)).
(a) x = -1 (b) x = -2 (c) x = -3 (d) none of these

27. If f(x) = 2𝑥 − 2−𝑥 , then the value of 2 f(x) – 5 f(x-1) + 2f(x-2) is:
(a) 1 (b) -3 (c) 15 (d) none of these

28. If y = f(x) = (x+2)/(x-1), then which of the following is equal to f(y) ?

(a) x (b) 2x (c) x/2 (d) 𝑥 2

29. The set of real values of x satisfying |x-1|≤ 3 and |x-1| ≥ 1 is:
(a) [2,4] (b) (-∞,2) ∪ [4, +∞]
(c) [-2, 0] ∪ [2, 4] (d) none of these

1 𝑛
30. Let f(n) = [ + ], where [x] denotes the integral part of x. then, the
2 100
100
∑𝑛=1 𝑓(𝑛)
values of 𝑖𝑠:
(a) 50 (b) 51 (c) 1 (d) none of these

31. The domain of the function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 (x-[x]), where [.] denotes the
greatest integer function, is:
(a) R (b) R – Z (c) (0, +∞) (d) None of these

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 Page 35 of 59

32. Let f(x) = |x-2| + |x-3| + |x-4| and g(x) = f(x+1). Then,
(a) g(x) is an even function
(b) g(x) is an odd function
(c) g(x) is neither even nor odd.
(d) None of these

𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
33. The inverse function of the function f(x) = f(x) = is:
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
1 1+𝑥 1 2+𝑥
(a) log (b) log
2 1−𝑥 2 2−𝑥
1 1−𝑥
(c) log (d) None of these
2 1+𝑥

(1+𝑥) 3𝑥+ 𝑥 3
34. If f(x) = log and g(x) , then f[g(x)] is equal to :
1−𝑥 1+3𝑥 2
(a) [f(x)]3 (b) -f(x) (c) [𝑓 3 (𝑥)] (d) 3[f(x)]

4𝑥 1 2 1998
35. If f(x) =
4 𝑥 +2
, then find the value of f (
1999
) + f (1999) + …..+ f (1999)
(a) 1998 (b) 1999 (c) 998 (d) 999

1+𝑥
36. If f(x) = log , then f(x) + f(y) is:
1−𝑥
𝑥+𝑦 1
(a) f (x+y) (b) f(
1+𝑥𝑦
) (c) (x+y)f(
1+𝑥𝑦
) (d) None of these

37. If f(x) = maximum (4x+3, 3x + 6) for x ∈ [-6, 10], then find the maximum
value of f(x)?
(a) +∞ (b) 36 (c) 43 (d) none of these

38. a, b and c are three positive numbers and ab𝑐 2 has the greatest value
1
then;
64
1 1 1 1
(a) 1 = b = , c = (b) a = b = , c =
2 4 4 2
1
(c) a = b = c = (d) None of these
3

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 Page 36 of 59

39. If ab = 2a + 3b, a>0, b> 0, then the minimum value of ab is:

1
(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) (d) None of these
4

40. If a > 1 and b > 1, then find the minimum value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these

41. Given that (𝑥 − 2)2 = 9, and (𝑦 − 3)2 = 25. What is the minimum value
𝑥
of ?
𝑦
1 5 1 5
(a) (b) (c) - (d) -
2 8 8 2

42. |x+y| = 10. Where x and y are integers, then what is the minimum value
of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ? .
(a) 75 (b) 100 (c) 50 (d) none of these

43. The minimum of f(x) = |x-1| + |x-4| + |x-5| is attained at x =

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

44. Let y = 𝑘 2 (𝑥 2 + 1) + 2k (3x + 4) + 27. If k and x are real numbers, what

is the minimum value of y?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) None of these

1 1 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏
45. If a + b+ c = 20 and ( + + ) = 30, then the value of + + + +
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐
𝑐
+ is:
𝑏
(a) 597 (b) 8 (c) 350 (d) 441

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Exercise 04 Solutions

1. Ans. (c) 10. Ans. (a)

Solution: f (x) = √𝑥 3 ➔ f (3x) = Solution: The given function
√(3𝑥)3 ➔ 3√3𝑥 2 would become g[0, 0, 3] =0
11. Ans. (c)
Option (c) is correct
Solution: the given function
2. Ans. (b)
would become f[3, 3, 3] = 27.
Solution: y – axis by definition.
12. Ans. (b)
3. Ans. (d)
Solution: f(1, 2, 3) – g(1, 2, 3) +
Solution: origin by definition.
h(1, 2, 3) = 11 – 23 + 18 = 6.
4. Ans. (a)
13. Ans. (d)
Solution: 𝑥 −8 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓(𝑥 )
Solution: Let f(X) = 21 sin X +
= f(-x) in this case.
72 cos X
5. Ans. (a)
Solution: f(g(x)) = f(|3x-2|) =
1  f (X) = 21 cos X – 72 sin X
|3𝑥−2|  If f(X) = 0, 21 cos X = 72 sin
Option (a) is correct. X.
6. Ans. (c)
Solution: u (fv(t))) = u (f(𝑡 2 )) = u ∴ tan X = 21/72 therefore sin X
4 = 21/75, cos X = 72/75 (since,
(1/𝑡 2 ) = ( 2 ) – 5.
𝑡
from the value of tan X we can
7. Ans. (c)
think of a right angled triangle
Solution: g(f(h(t))) = g (f(4t-8))=
with the legs as 21 and 72
g(√4𝑡 − 8)
respectively. This would give us
(√4𝑡 −8)
= the hypotenuse length of the
4
8. Ans. (c) triangle as 75 – using the
Solution: 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 Pythagoras theorem)
9. Ans. (c)
Solution: The given function Since f(x) = -21 sin X < 0
would become h [11, 8, 1] = therefore f(X) has a maximum
2640. at f(X) = 0. Thus , we can use
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the values of sin X = 21/75 & 1 4

3f( ) + 4f (t) = – 8
𝑡 𝑡
cos X = 72/75. 1 4
or f( ) + 𝑓(𝑡)
𝑡 3
∴ Maximum value of
21.21 72.72 752 4 8
f(x) = + = = 75 = - …(2)
75 75 75 3𝑡 3

Option (d) is correct. From (1) and (2)

14. Ans. (b)
12 4 8
Solution: f(f(t)) = f((t-1)/(t+1)) f(t) = { − − 𝑡 + 2}
7 3𝑡 3
12 1 8 −52
𝑡−1 𝑡−1 f(4) = { − − 4 + 2} =
7 3 3 7
= [( ) − 1] / [(𝑡+1) + 1] =
𝑡+1 17. Ans. (b)
𝑡−1−𝑡−1 𝑥
𝑡−1+𝑡+1 Solution. 𝑓 (𝑥) =
√1+ 𝑥 2
𝑦
∴ f(f(x)) = f(y) = =
= -2/2t = -1/t. √1+𝑦 2

15. Ans. (a) 𝑥⁄√1+𝑥 2

2
Solution: fog = f(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 𝑥 √1+(
𝑥
)
√1+𝑥2
= x.
16. Ans. (b) 𝑥
1 = = 𝑧 (𝑠𝑎𝑦)
Solution: 3 f(x+2) + 4f ( )= √1+2𝑥 2
𝑥+2
4x 𝑧
∴ f(f((f(x))) = f (z) = =
√1+𝑧 2
Let x + 2 = t 𝑥⁄√1+2𝑥 2
2
𝑥
√1+( )
1 8 √1+2𝑥2
3f(t) + 4f ( ) = 4t – 8 or 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑥
𝑡 3
1 =
+f( ) ….(1) √1+3𝑥 2
𝑡 18. Ans. (c)
1
Now replacing t with in the 4𝑥
𝑡 Solution. f (x) =
4 𝑥 +2
above equation, we get
41−𝑥 2
∴ f (1-x) = =
4 1−𝑥 +2 2+ 4𝑥

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4𝑥 2 22. Ans. (b)

∴ f (x) + f(1-x) = + =1
4 𝑥 +2 4 𝑥 +2 30−𝑥
Hence (c) is correct. Solution. | |<4
5
19. Ans. (b)
Solution. f (x+1) = (𝑥+1)+3 =
(𝑥+1) 𝑥+1  |30-x| < 20
𝑥+4
 - 20 < (30-x) < 20
20. Ans. (b)
 -20 < 30 – x < 20
Solution. f (x) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2
 -50 < -x < -10
f (x+1) = (𝑥 + 1)3 − (𝑥 + 1)2
 50 > x > 10
= (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1 − 1) =  10 < x < 50
(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥)
21. Ans. (c) 23. )
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 𝑥+1
Solution. f(x) = , f(y) = Solution: f (x) =
2 𝑥−1
𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎−𝑦
;
2 2+1
Then, f(f(f(f(2)))) = f(f(f( ))))
2−1
𝑎𝑥+𝑦 + 𝑎−(𝑥+𝑦) (put x = 2)
= f (x+y) =
2
…..(1) 3+1
➔ f(f(f(3)))) = f(f( )))
3−1
𝑎𝑥−𝑦 + 𝑎−(𝑥−𝑦) 4
And f(x-y) = ➔ f(f( ))) = f(f(2)))
2 2

….. (2) ➔ f(3) (since f(f(2))) = f(3). We

Adding (1) and (2), we get have found it]
➔ f(3)) = 2
𝑎𝑥+𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑥−𝑦
f(x+y) + f(x-y) = +
2
𝑎𝑥−𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑥+𝑦
24. Ans. (d)
2
Solution: f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2
1 Let y = 𝑥 2 + 2 – t – 2 = 𝑥 2 →
= [𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )] +
2
−𝑥 ] x = √𝑦 − 2
[𝑎 (𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )]
Then put y =x
1 𝑓 1 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − 2
= (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 ) (𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )
2
= 2 f(x) f(y)

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This is not matching with the = (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4)2 + 4(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 +

given conditions. So, the 4) + 3
answer is none of these. = (𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 + 24 𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 +
25. Ans. (a) 16) + (4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 16) + 3
𝑥−1
Solution: f(x) = y = = 𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26 𝑥 2 + 48x + 35
𝑥+1
(iv)
𝑥−1
y–1= = -1 [subtract 1
𝑥+1 Then f(g(x)) = g(f(x))
from both sides] 𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26𝑥 2 + 40x + 25 =
𝑥−1−𝑥−1 2
𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26 𝑥 2 + 48x + 35
y–1= = 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 10 = 0 → 𝑥 2 + 4x +
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
2 2 5=0
x+1 = - =
𝑦−1 1−𝑦
2 2−1+𝑦 1+𝑦
x=- –1 = = 27. Ans. (d)
1−𝑦 1−𝑦 1−𝑦

So, 𝑓 1 (x)=
1+𝑥 Solution: f(x) = 2𝑥 − 2−𝑥
1−𝑥
Then, 2f(x) = - 5f(x-1)+ 2f (x-2)
26. Ans. (d)
= 2[2𝑥 − 2−𝑥 ] – 5 [2𝑥−1 − 21−𝑥 ]
Solution: f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
+ 2 [2𝑥−2 − 22−𝑥 ].
(i)
Hence the answer is option (d).
g (x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3
28. Ans. (a)
(ii) 𝑥+2
Solution: f(x) =
𝑥−1
2 2 𝑥+2
Then, f(g(x)) = (𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3) + Then f(y) = f[f(x)] = f[ ]
𝑥−1
4(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3) + 4 [put x = 𝑥+2 𝑥+2
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 in equation (i)] =( + 2) / ( ) −1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

= (𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 22 𝑥 2 + 24 x + = (x+2 + 2x - 2)/ (x + 2 –x +
9) + (4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 12) + 4 1) = 3x /3 = x.
= 𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26𝑥 2 + 40x + 25 29. Ans. (c)
(iii) Solution: |x-1| ≤ 3 or -3 ≤ (x-1) ≤
3 or (-3 + 1 ) ≤ (x-1+1) ≤ (3+1)
g(f(x)) = g(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) or -2 ≤ x ≤4

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neither be symmetrical to axis

or origin [see the topic graph
and maxima minima]
For |x-1| ≥ 1 33. Ans. (a)
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
Solving this, we get Solution: f(x) =y = = f(x)
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
(x-1) ≤ -1 or (x-1) ≥ 1 or 𝑒 𝑥 −(1/𝑒 𝑥 )
=
x ≤ or x ≥ 2 𝑒 𝑥 + (1/𝑒 𝑥 )

(𝑒 2𝑥 −1)/𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
=y= =
(𝑒 2𝑥 +1)/𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 +1

Combine both, we get Subtract 1 from both sides.

𝑒 2𝑥 −1 −2
y–1= –1=
𝑒 2𝑥 +1 𝑒 2𝑥 +1

−2 2
𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 = =
𝑦−1 1−𝑦
So, common set is [-2, 0] U
[2,4]. 2 1+𝑦
30. Ans. b 𝑒 2𝑥 = -1 =
1−𝑦 1−𝑦
Solution: For all the values of n 1+𝑦
2x = log
1−𝑦
< 50. F(n) = 0
And all the n ≥ 50, f(n) = 1
1 1+𝑦
Hence, 51 such values are x = log
2 1−𝑦
there.
31. Ans. (b). then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log
1 1+𝑥
2 1−𝑥
32. Ans. (c)
34. Ans. (d)
Solution: g(x) = f(x+1) = |x-2+1| 1+𝑥
+ |x-3+1| + |x-4+1| = |x-1| + |x- Solution: f(x) = log and g(x)
1−𝑥
2| + |x-3| 3𝑥+ 𝑥 3
=
1+3𝑥 2

Obviously this is neither odd

3𝑥+ 𝑥 3
nor even. Then, f[g(x)] = f [ ]
1+3𝑥 2
Alternatively we know the
graph of this function will

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1+(3𝑥+ 𝑥 3 )/ (1𝑥+ 3𝑥 2 ) Solution: f(x) = maximum (4x +

= log
1−(3𝑥+ 𝑥 3 )/(1+ 3𝑥 3 )
3, 3x + 6) for x ∈ [-6, 10] It is
clear from the function that for
1+(3𝑥 2 +3𝑥+ 𝑥 3 )/(1+3𝑥 2 )
= log the maximum value of [4x+3,
1+(3𝑥 2 −3𝑥− 𝑥 3 )/(1+3𝑥 2 )
3x + 6] the value of x should be
(1+𝑥)3 1+𝑥 3 the biggest positive number,
= log = log ( )
(1−𝑥)3 1−𝑥 which is + 10.
1+𝑥
= 3log = 3f(x)
1−𝑥
35. Ans. (d) So, for x = 10, y(x) = maximum
36. Ans. (b) (4x 10 + 3, 3 x 10 + 6) =
1+𝑥 maximum (43, 36) = 43
Solution: f(x) = log
1−𝑥
38. Ans. (b)
1+𝑥
Then, f(x) + f(y) = log + log Solution: Assume a =x , b=x, c
1−𝑥
1+𝑦 = 2x
1−𝑦 1
Then ab𝑐 2 =
64
(1+𝑥)(1+𝑦)
= log [(1−𝑥)(1−𝑦)] 1
𝑥 x 𝑥 x (2𝑥)2 = →𝑥x𝑥x
64
1
1+𝑥+𝑦+𝑥𝑦 4𝑥 2 =
= log [ ] (i) 64
1− −𝑦+𝑥𝑦
Then, check the options. 1 1
𝑥4 = or x =
Option (b) is the answer 512 4
because
1 1
So, a = , b = , and c =2x =
4 4
𝑥+𝑦 1+(𝑥+𝑦)/(1/𝑥𝑦) 1
f(
1+𝑥𝑦
) = log1−(𝑥+𝑦)(1+𝑥𝑦) 2
1+𝑥+𝑦+𝑥 𝑦 39. Ans. (b)
= log [ ]
1 −𝑥−𝑦+𝑥𝑦
Solution: For minimum value of
ab, 2a should equal to 3b.
= f(x) = f(y) 𝑎 3
[from equation (i)] Then, 2a = 3b = =
𝑏 2
37. Ans. (c) Then, a = 3k and b = 2k
Put k = 1, then a = 3 and b = 2

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However, for these values, ab ≠ x – 2 = ±3

2a + 3b x = 5 or -1 and
Then put k = 2, then a = 6 and (𝑦 − 3)2 = 25 = (±5)2
b=4 y – 3 = ±5
For a = 6 and b = 4, ab = =2a + y = 8 or -2
3b 𝑥 5
Then minimum value of =
𝑦 −2
So, the minimum value of ab = 5
4 x 6 = 24 = - (which is minimum).
2
40. Ans. (c) 42. Ans. (c)
Solution: Method 1 Solution: |x+y| = 10
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 1/𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 minimum value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 will
1 bethe option , when x = y = 5.
Minimum value of x + = 2 if x
𝑥
So, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (5)2 = (5)2 = 50
>0
Method 2 The maximum value of 𝑥 2 +
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 b + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = ? when a > 1, 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 (∞)
b=1 43. Ans. (c)
Put a = b (>1) Solution: Minimum value of f(x)
will be attained at the median
Then, 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 b + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 b = 1 + 1 = 2 of the critical points f(x), i.e., x
If we take a > b or b > a, then = 4.
the value of the function will b 44. Ans. (d). Real roots not
greater than 2. possible
So, the minimum value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 a 45. Ans. (a)
Multiply both the given
+ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 2
equation.
41. Ans. (b)
Solution: (𝑥 − 2)2 = 9 = (±3)2

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Exercise 05
TITA – Short Answer

1. A function f(x) is defined for all real values of x as f(x) = a𝑥 2 + bx + c, if

f(3) = = f(-3) = 18, f(0) = 15, then what is the value of f(12)?

𝑥 2 +1
2. If f(x) = then f(f(f(2))) = ?
𝑥−1

3. Given f(t) = kt + 1 and g(t) = 3t + 2. If fog = gof, find k.

1 6 1
(𝑥+𝑥) −(𝑥 6 + 6 )−2
𝑥
4. if x > 0, the minimum value of 1 1 is _____?
(𝑥+𝑥)3 +(𝑥 3 + 3 )
𝑥

5. If x and y are real numbers, then the minimum values of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 2

– 4y + 4 is

6. The sum of the possible values of X in the equation |x+7| + |x-8| = 16 is:

7. If f(x) = 1 – f(1-x), then the value of

1 2 998
f(
999
) + f(999) + … + f(999) is:

8. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 2 + 7x – 9 and g (x) = 2x + 3, then find the value of g(f(x)) at

x=2

9. If y = min (𝑥 2 + 2, 6 − 3𝑥), then the greatest value of y for x > 0

1 − 𝑥, 0≤𝑥 ≤ 2
10. If f (x) = {𝑥 − 1, 2 ≤𝑥 ≤ 4}
1, 4 ≤𝑥 ≤ 6

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1 45
Then find, f(0) + f( ) + f(1) + f( ):
2 18

11. If f(x, y) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 - 𝑦 2 + 4, then f(f(2, 3), f(1-, 1) is equal to:

12. If f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1 and g(x) = |x+5|, then the value off [g{f(g(-6)))}] is:

13. If |x| + |y| = 7, then what is the sum of the minimum and the maximum
values of x + y?

(𝑎+1)2 (𝑏+1)2 (𝑐+1)2

14. What is the minimum value of + + if a, b, c are greater
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
than zero.
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 12

15. If |x| denotes the greatest integer ≤ x, then

1 1 1 1 2 1 98
[ ]+[ + ]+[ + ]+…[ + ]=?
3 3 99 3 99 3 99

Exercise 05 Solutions
1. Ans. 63 F(12) = 144/3 + 15 = 63.
Solution: Since f(0) = 15, we get c = 2. Ans. (7.86)
15. 22 +1
Solution: f(2) = =5
2−1
Next, we have f(3) = = f(-3) = 18.
Using the information we get:
52 +1 26
9a + 3b + c = 9a - 3b + c → 3b = - f(f(2)) = f(5) = =
5−1 4
3b 26 2 676+16
26 ( ) +1
4 16
f(f(f(2))) = f ( ) = 26 = 22
4 −1
4 4
∴ 6b = 0, b = 0.
Also, since 692 4
= x = 7.86
f(3) = 9a + 2b + c = 18 → we get: 9a 16 22

+ 15 = 18 → a = 1/3 3. Ans. 2
The quadratic function becomes f(x) Solution: fog = f(3t + 2 ) = k(3t + 2)
𝑥2 +1
= + 15.
3 gof = f(kt + 1) = 3 (kt + 1 ) + 2

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k (3t+2) + 1 = 3 (kt + 1) + 2 |x +7| + |x-8| = x + 7 – x + 8 = 2x – 1

 2k+1=5 Therefore the given equation has no
 k = 2. solution in this range.
4. Ans. 6 For x ≥ 8
Solution: For x > 0.x + has a
1 |x+7| + |x-8| = x + 7 + x – 8 = 2x – 1
𝑥
2x – 1 = 16
minimum value of 2, when x is 17
taken as 1. Why we would need to  x= = 8.5
2
1
minimize x + is because it is
𝑥
7. Ans. 499
raised to the power 6 in the
1 Solution. f (x) = 1- f(1-x)
numerator, so allowing x + to
𝑥  f(x) + f(1-x) = 1
become greater than its minimum 1 2 997
Now, f(
999
) + (999) + … (999) + f
would increase the value of the
998
expression. Also, the value of any (999)
expression of the form 𝑥 𝑛 +
1 1 998 2
would also give us a value of 2. = [𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 (999)] + [𝑓 (999) +
𝑥𝑛 999
Hence the value of the expression 2
𝑓 (1 −
999
)] + ….
would be:
1 6 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + … 499 times = 499
(𝑥+ ) −(𝑥 6 + 6 )−2 26 −2−2
𝑥 𝑥
1 1 = =6 8. Ans. 29
(𝑥+𝑥)3 +(𝑥 3 + 3 ) 23 +2
𝑥
Solution. g (f(x)) = g(f(2)) = g(f(2)) =
5. Ans. 2
g(13) = 29
Solution: 𝑥 2 + 4xy + 𝑦 2 – 4y + 4
= 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 4xy + 2𝑦 2 – 4y + 2 +2 ∴ f(2) = 2. (2)2 + 7(2) − 9 = 13
= (𝑥 + 2𝑦)2 + 2 (𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1) + 2 And g(13) = 2 x 13 + 3 = 29
The above expression is minimum 9. Ans. 3
for y = 1, x = -2 Solution. y is maximum when 𝑥 2 +
So minimum value of the given 2 = 6 − 3𝑥
expression = 0 + 0 + 2 = 2.
i.e., 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
6. Ans. 1
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 − 4 = 0
Solution: For x < -7
x (x-4) – 1 (x+4) = 0
|x+7| + |x+8| = -(x+7) – (x-8) - (x+7)
x = 1 or x = -4
– (x-8) = 16
∴ at x = 1, y = 3 (∴ x > 0)
10. Ans. 3
-2x + 1 = 16 1 1
x = -7.5 Solution. f (0) = 1 – 0 = 1, f( ) = 1 -
2 2
1
Fro -7 ≤ x ≤ 8 = = 0.5
2

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45 = f[1|75|] = f[12]
f(1) = 1-1 = 0, f( ) = 2.5 – 1 = 1.5
18
1 45 = 2 (12)2 + 6 (12) – 1 = 2 x 144
∴ f(0) + f( ) + f(1) + f( ) = 1 + 0.5 + + 72 – 1 = 288 + 71 = 359
2 18
0 + 1.5 = 3 13. Ans. 0
11. Ans. 95 Solution: |x| + |y| = 7
Solution: f(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 4 The minimum value of x + y will
Then, f((f(2, 3), f(-1, 1)] be attained, when both are
Then value of f(2,3) = 3(22 ) – 2 x 2 negative.
x 3 – (3)2 + 4 So, minimum of x + y = -7
= 12 – 12 – 9 + 4 = - 5 The maximum value of x + y will
(i) be attained when both are positive.
f(-1, 1) = 3 (−1)2 − 2 x -1 x 1 = (1)2 So, maximum of x + y = 7
+4 Then, maximum of (x+y) and
= 3 + 2 – 1+ 4 = 8 minimum of (x+y) = 7 + (-7) = 0
(ii) 14. Ans. 12
Then f(f(2,3), f(-1,1) = f(-5, 8)
= 3(−5)2 – 2 x -5 x 8 – (8)2 + 4
= 75 + 80 – 64 + 4 = 95 15. Ans. 33
1 1 1 1 2
12. Ans. 359 Solution: [ ] + [ + ]+[ + ]+
3 3 99 3 99
Solution: f(x) = 22𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1 and 1
[ +
65
]=0
3 99
g(x) = |x+5|
1 66 1 67 1 98
Then the value of f|f(f(-6))}] [ + ]+[ + ] + ….[ + ] = 33
3 99 3 99 3 99
= f[g(f(-6)+5|)}] [Since g(x) = |x+5|]
= f[g{f(1)}] = f[g{2(1)2 + 6(1) – 1}] = 1
[ ]+[ +
1 1
]+ [ +
1 2
]+⋯[ +
1 98
]
3 3 99 3 99 3 99
f(g){2 + 6 – 1}] = 1
= 0 + 33 = 33
f[g{7}]

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Exercise 06
Special Questions
All 10 Questions are discussed in Super 300 Series

1. For any positive integer n let f(n) = n(n+1) if n is even, and f(n) = n+3 if n
is odd. If m is a positive integer such that 8 f(m+1) – f(m) = 2, then m
equals to

2. If f(x+2) = f(x) + f(x+1) for all positive integers x, and f(11) = 91, f(15) =
617, then f(10) equals

3. f is a function for which f(1) = 1 and f(x) = 2x + f(x-1) for each natural
number x ≥ 2. Find f(31)
(a) 869 (b) 929 (c) 951 (d) 991

4. If 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1) = 𝑥 4 – 7𝑥 2 + 𝑘1 and 𝑓(𝑥 3 − 2) = 𝑥 6 − 9𝑥 3 + 𝑘2 then the

value of (𝑘2 − 𝑘1 ) is
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9

5. Let f(n) = √(𝑓(𝑛 − 1)𝑓(𝑛 + 1)). What is the value of f(1) + f(2) + f(3) +
f(4) + ...,
1 1
if f(0) = , f(1 ) = ?
2 4
(a) ¼ (b) ½ (c) 1 (d) 1/8
𝟏
6. A function F(n) is defined as F(n - 1) = , where n' is a natural
(𝟐−𝑭(𝒏))
number. If F(1) = 2, then what is the value of [F(1)] + [F(2)] + …… +
[F(50)], where [x] represents the greatest integer less than or equal to
‘x’?
(a) 51 (b) 55 (c) 54 (d) 52
1
7. Let, 𝑓 1 (x) = f(x) = such that 𝑓 𝑛 (x) = f(𝑓 𝑛−1 (x)), where n is a natural
1−𝑥
number greater than 1 and x ≠ 1. If f(x) = 21, find the value of 𝑓 21 (x).

(a) 20
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−1
(b)
20
20
(c)
21
(d) None of these

8. A function f(x) is defined for all real numbers x. For all non-zero values of
1
x, 3f(x) + 2f( ) = 2𝑥 + 1. If S is the sum of all of the value of x for which
𝑥
f(x) = 350, then find the value of S.

(a) 285.5
(b) 291.5
(c) 293.5
(d) 287.5

𝟏
9. A function T is defined for all natural numbers n > 2 as f(n) = (𝟏 − ) f(n-
𝒏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1). If f(1) = 1, then whatisthe value of + + + ⋯..+ ?
𝒇(𝟏) 𝒇(𝟐) 𝒇(𝟑) 𝒇(𝟗)
(a) 45
(b) 54
(c) 36
(d) None of these

10. Let f(x) be a function satisfying f(x) f(y) = f(xy) for all real x, y. If f(2) = 4,
𝟏
then what is the value of f( ) ?
𝟐
(a) 0
(b) 1/4
(c) 1/2
(d) 1

Answer and Solutions

1. f(n) = Given equation

𝑛(𝑛 + 1) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 8f(m+1) – f(m) = 2
{ }
𝑛+3 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑 ….(i)

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Now, if m is even the, f(m) = ➔ 3x = 617 – 182

m(m+1) 435
➔ 3𝑥 = 435 ➔ 𝑥 = 3
=
If m is even, then (m+1) will be
𝑥 = 145
odd.
Then, f(m+1) = m + 3 + 1 = m +
∴ f(10) = f(12) – 91
4
= x-91 = 145 – 91 = 54
Putting these values in Eq. (i),
3. Answer: (d)
we get
Solution: f(1) = 1
f(x) = 2x + f(x-1)
8 x (m + 4) – m (m+1) = 2
f(2) = 2 x 2 + f(1)
➔ 8m + 32 – m2 – m = 2
f(2) = 2 x 2 + 1 …..(1)
➔ m2 – 7m – 30 = 0
f(3) = 2 x 3 + f(2)
➔ m2 – 10m + 3m – 30 = 10
f(3) = 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 + 1
➔ m(m-10) + 3 (m-10) = 0
……(2)
➔ (m+3) (m-10) = 0
Similarly f(31) = 2 x 31 + 2 x 30 +
m = -3, 10
….+2 x 3 + 2 x 2 + 1
∴ m = 10 is the answer
= 2 (31 + 30 + ….+ 3 + 2) + 1
because m is positive.
30
2. Given, f(x+2) = f(x) + f(x+1) = 2x x 33 + 1
Here, f(11) = 91 2
= 991
f(15) = 617
4. Answer: (c)
f(10 + 2) = f(10) + f(10+1)
Solution: Given, 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1) =
f(12) = f(10) + f(11) ➔ f(10)
𝑥 4 – 7𝑥 2 + 𝑘1
= f(12) – 91
If 𝑥 2 = 1, then f(0) = − 6 +
f(13) = f(11) + f(12)
f(14) = f(12) + f(13) 𝑘1 …..(i)
f(15) = f(13) + f(14) Also, 𝑓(𝑥 3 − 2) = 𝑥 6 − 9𝑥 3 + 𝑘2
If 𝑥 3 = 2 then f(0) = −14 +
So, take f(12) = x 𝑘2 …….(ii)
f(13) = 91 + x
f(14) = x + 91 + x Equating the values of f(0) from
f(15) = 91 + x + x + 91 + x equation (i) and (ii),
−6 + 𝑘1 = −14 + 𝑘2
➔ 617 = 182 + 3x ➔ 𝑘2 − 𝑘1 = 8

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𝒇(𝟐)𝟐 7. Correct Answer. 3

5. [b] 𝐟(𝐧 + 𝟏) =
𝒇(𝒏−𝟏) Given, f(x) = 21
𝟏
𝒇(𝟎) = , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇(𝟏) =
𝟐 1 −1
𝟏
(𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏) So, 𝑓 2 (x) = =
𝟒 1−21 20

1 20
𝒇(𝟏)𝟐 𝟏 𝑓 3 (x) = −1 = ,
1− 21
𝒇(𝟐) = = 20
𝒇(𝟎) 𝟖
1
1 𝑓 4 (x)= 20 = 21 and so on…..
Similarly, 𝑓(3) = 1−21
16
Therefore f(1) +f(2) + f(3) + ... −1
1 2 1 3 1 4 𝑓 19 (x) = 21, 𝑓 20 (x) = and
20
=( ) +( ) +( ) … 20
2 2 2 𝑓 21 (x) =
1 21
(4) 1
= =( ) 8. Correct Answer: b
1 2
[1 − ( )] 1
Explanation: 3f(x) + 2f( ) = 2𝑥 + 1
2 𝑥
1 2+𝑥
6. Correct Answer : 1 ∴ 3f( ) + 2𝑓(𝑥 ) = (Replacing
𝑥 𝑥
Your Answer : 1 x by 1/x)
𝟏 3 1 1
Given that F(n -1)= , → (3𝑓(𝑥 ) + 2𝑓 ( )) − (3𝑓 ( ) +
(𝟐−𝑭(𝒏)) 2 𝑥 𝑥
and F(1)= 2. 5
𝟏 2𝑓(𝑥 )) = 𝑓(𝑥)
For n = 2: F(1) = , 2
(𝟐−𝑭(𝒏)) 3 2+𝑥 5
𝟑 → (2x + 1) - = 𝑓(𝑥)
= F(2) = , 2
2
𝑥
2
2
1
𝟐
Similarly, values of F(3), F(4), ∴ 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (3𝑥 − + ) = 350
5 𝑥 2
F(5) can be calculated → 6𝑥 2 − 1749𝑥 − 4 = 0
4 5 6 Sum of the roots of this equation is
as , and respectively
3 4 5 1749
From this we can say that = 291.5
6
every term except [F(1)J, each Therefore, sum of all the values of
term of the series [F(1)] + [F x for which f(x) = 350 is 291.5.
(2)] +….+
[F(50)] is equal to 1 as for ‘n’ > 9. Correct Answer : a
0, F(n) lies between 1 and 2. 𝟏
f(n) (𝟏 − ) f(n-1)
Therefore, [F(1)] + [F(2)J 𝒏
𝒏−𝟏
+…..+[F(50)J = 51. f(n) = ( ) f(n-1)
𝒏

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𝑛−1 𝑛−2
𝑓(𝑛) = ( )×( ) 𝑓(𝑛
𝑛 𝑛−1 10. [B]
− 2) f(x).f(y) = f(xy)
𝑛−1 𝑛−2 Given, f(2) = 4
𝑓(𝑛) = ( )×( )
𝑛 𝑛−1 We can also write,
𝑛−3 f(2) = f(2x 1) = f(2)x f(1)
×( ) × … .× 𝑓(1)
𝑛−2
1 1 OR f(i)x4 = 4
𝑓(𝑛) = × 𝑓(1) =
𝑛 𝑛 =>f(1) = 1
1 1 1 Now we can also write,
+ +. . + 𝟏 𝟏
𝑓(1) 𝑓(2) 𝑓(9) f(1)= f(𝟐 × ) =f(2) × f( )
𝟐 𝟐
= 1 + 2 + 3+. . +9 𝟏 𝒇(𝟏) 𝟏
= 45 f( ) = = .
𝟐 𝒇(𝟐) 𝟒

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Percentile Classes
OLD is GOLD 05
Function, Maxima - Minima
Exam (Indore) IPM (I) 2019 IPM (I) 2020 IPM (I) 2021 IPM (I) 2022 IPM (I) 2023 Total
Number of 03 02 03 04 04 16
Questions

Exam (JIPMAT) JIPMAT 2021 JIPMAT 2022 JIPMAT 2023 Total

Number of 00 00 01 01
Questions

Important Note:
Before solving past year questions, complete your class
sheets and Super 300 Series (Part 08 and Part 09).
Download pdf from Percentile Telegram Channel
@percentileclasses
Name of file: OLD is GOLD 05 IPM 2024
All Percentile Classes eBooks are updated, now you can find
last exercise of all chapters as Past Year Questions

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 Page 54 of 59

Past Year Questions (IPM Indore)

Function, Maxima - Minima
1. A real-valued function f satisfies the relation f(x)f(y) = f(2xy + 3) + 3f(x + y)
- 3f(y) + 6y, for all real numbers x and y, then the value of f(8) is
(IPM Indore 2019)

𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 −8𝑥
2. The function f(x) = is (IPM Indore 2019)
3
5−√57
(a) positive and monotonically increasing for x ∈(−∞, ) and x
2
5+√57
∈( ,+∞)
2
5−√57
(b) negative and monotonically decreasing for x ∈(−∞, and x
2
5+√57
∈( ,+∞)
2
5−√57
(c) negative and monotonically increasing for x ∈(−∞, ) and positive
2
5+√57
and monotonically increasing for x ∈( ,+∞)
2
5−√57
(d) positive and monotonically increasing for x ∈(−∞, ) and negative
2
5+√57
and monotonically decreasing for x ∈( ,+∞)
2

3. For a > b > c > 0, the minimum value of the function f(x) = |x - a| + |x - b|
+ |x - c| is (IPM Indore 2019)
(a) 2a - b – c (b) a + b - 2c (c) a + b + c (d) a - c

4. The minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = |3 − 𝑥 | + |2 + 𝑥 | + |5 − 𝑥 | is equal to___.

(IPM Indore 2020)

5. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 2𝑦 + 𝑓(𝑦), 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔(3)𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑠

(IPM Indore 2020)
(a) 16 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 26

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6. If a function f(a) = max (a, 0) then the smallest integer value of x for which
the equation 𝑓(𝑥 — 3) + 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = 8 holds true is (IPM Indore 2021)

7. Suppose that a real-valued function 𝑓(𝑥) of real numbers satisfies

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑦) for all real x, y, and that f(2020) = 1.
Compute f(2021). (IPM Indore 2021)
2021 2020 2020
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
2020 2019 2021

8. Consider the polynomials f(x) = a𝑥 2 + bx + c, where a > 0, b, c are real,

and g(x) =- 2x. If 𝑓(𝑥) cuts x-axis at (- 2,0) and 𝑔(𝑥) passes through (a, b),
then the minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥) + 9 𝑎 + 1 is (IPM Indore 2021)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

9. Given that f(x) = |x| + 2|x - 1| + |x - 2| + |x - 4| + |x - 6| + 2|x - 10|,x ∈ (-∞,

∞), the minimum value of f(x) is (IPM Indore 2022)

10. The set of all possible values of f(x) for which (81)x + (81)f(x) = 3 is
(IPM Indore 2022)
(a) (-∞, 0.25) (b) (3,4) (c) (0.25,3) (d) (-∞, 4)

11. If f(x2 + f(y)) = xf(x) + y for all non-negative integers x and y, then the value
2
of [f(0)] +f (0) equals________. (IPM Indore 2022)
(a) 0 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 1

12. A set of all possible values the function f(x) = x/|x|, where x ≠ 0, takes is
(IPM Indore 2022)
(a) {1, −1} (b) {1,0} (c) {1,0, −1} (d) {1}

13. If f(1) = 1 and f(n) = 3n - f(n - 1) for all integers n > 1 , then the value of ƒ
(2023) is _________. (IPM Indore 2023)
1
14. If f(n)= 1 + 2 + 3 +∙∙∙+(n+1) and g(n) = ∑k=n
k=1 then the least value of n for
f(k)
99
which g(n) exceeds the value is_________. (IPM Indore 2023)
100

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15. The length of the line segment joining the two intersection points of the
curves y = 4970 - |x| and y = x² is_________. (IPM Indore 2023)

16. If log cos x (sin x) + log sin x (cos x) = 2, then the value of x is (IPM Indore
2023)
π
(a) 2nπ + , n is an integer
4
π
(b) nπ + , n is an integer
4
nπ π
(c) + , n is an integer
4 4
nπ
(d) , n is an integer
4

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Past Year Questions (JIPMAT)

Function, Maxima - Minima
1. The graph of a polynomial y = f(x) is shown in figure below, then the number of its zeros
is:
(JIPMAT 2023)

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

Answers
IPMAT Indore
1. 19 7. a 13. 3034 19.
2. c 8. d 14. 199 20.
3. d 9. 26 15. 140 21.
4. 7 10. a 16. a 22.
5. a 11. a 17. 23.
6. 3 12. a 18.

JIPMAT
1. b 7. 13. 19.
2. 8. 14. 20.
3. 9. 15. 21.
4. 10. 16. 22.
5. 11. 17. 23.
6. 12. 18.

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Super 300 Series

Important Questions for CAT | IPMAT| XAT |CMAT | IIFT | Du-JAT | All
BBA MBA exams

S. No. Topics
1 Logarithms
2 AP GP HP – 01
3 AP GP HP – 02
4 Special Series
5 SET Theory
6 Quadratic Equations
7 Inequalities
8 Maxima Minima
9 Functions
10 Number System 01
11 Number System 02
12 Number System 03
13 Number System 04
14 Combinations
15 Permutations
16 Probability
17 Geometry 01
18 Geometry 02
19 Coordinate Geometry/ Mensuration 03
20 Averages
21 Allegations
22 Profit Loss
23 SI CI
24 Ratio/Variations
25 Time Work
26 Time Distance Speed 01
27 Time Distance Speed 02
28 Binomial Trigonometry
29 Determinants
30 Matrices

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 Page 59 of 59

OLD is GOLD Series 2024

Percentile Classes YouTube Channel

S. No. Topics
1 Quadratic Equations + Inequalities
2 AP GP HP + Special Series
3 Logarithms
4 Para Jumbles
5 Function Maxima Minima
6 Number System
7 Geometry
8 Grammar
9 Percentage + Profit Loss + SI CI + Ratio + Partnership
10 Averages + Alligations
11 Time and Work
12 Critical Reasoning
13 Time Distance Speed
14 SET Theory
15 Permutation Combination Probability
16 Vocab
17 Trigonometry
18 Data Interpretation
19 Matrices and Determinants
20 Reading Comprehensions
21 Miscellaneous (Conic + Binomial + Clocks etc)

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