Internship Report on “Repair and Maintenance of

Drip Irrigation equipments”

BY
AAYUSHI
[2019AE01BIV]
Internship report submitted to the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana
Agricultural University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING)

College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology

CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
HISAR -125004 (HARYANA)
2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude for the people who were part of my project
report, directly or indirectly people who gave unending support right from the
stage the idea was conceived.

An engineer with only theoretical knowledge is not a complete engineer. Practical

knowledge is very important to develop and apply engineering skills. It gives me a
great pleasure to have an opportunity to acknowledge and to express gratitude
those who were associated with me during my internship at Greenfield, Karnal.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to the people who have been
helpful in the successful completion of my Industrial training and this project.

I would like to show my greatest appreciation to Er. Ram Naresh for providing
this great opportunity. I would like to thank Er. Sunil Kumar to guide us
throughout the project including the following instructors, technical staff and
supervisors of various divisions.

THANKING YOU
CERTIFICATE
 CONTENTS

Chapter No Description Page No

1 Introduction

2 Schedule of Training

3 Week Wise Report

4 Survey with Farmers

5 Conclusion

Name: AAYUSHI Academic year: 2022-23

Semester: 1st Admission no: 2019AE01BIV

Date of submission: (Signature)

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION

MICRO IRRIGATION
Drip irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation

Sub-Surface System

Bubbler System

In using drip irrigation, each plant receives a limited amount of water at a period regularly and
precisely with dripper emitters. Being the most high application efficiency, innovative irrigation
technique, the water is continuously provided in drops at the same location, penetrates the soil,
and wets the root zone both laterally and vertically by gravity capillary movement. Only a little
portion of the planted area is wetted.

Advantages of Drip Irrigation:-

 Reduces the amount of water that comes into contact with plant leaves, stems, and fruit,
preventing disease.
 Enables dry rows between plants, which enhances access and inhibits weed growth.
 Saves time, money, and water because of how effectively the system works.
 Increases efficiency on rocky terrain.
 Reduces water loss below the root zone.

CHAPTER 2
 SCHEDULE OF TRAINING

SCHEDULE OF TRAINING

1/09/2022 Visit to Greenfield Irrigation office

2/09/2022
– Introduction to Equipment related to drip irrigation
09/09/2022
12/09/2022
– Visit to Farmers regarding Repair & Maintenance Of Drip Irrigation
1/10/2022
10/10/2022
– Village visit for survey
22/10/2022

1/11/2022 Certificate Distribution

CHAPTER 3
 WEEK WISE REPORT

 1/09/2022 (Visit to Greenfield Irrigation office)

Greenfield Irrigation Limited is a Public incorporated on 26 August 2017. It is classified as

Non-govt Company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Hyderabad. It deals in all
types of irrigation system, Landscape Irrigation, Drip, Sprinkler, Playhouses / Net house,
HDPE Pipes & Disc Filters. In our two month training we go through operation and
maintenance of Micro Irrigation System especially Filtration System, Chemigation and
Fertigation Equipment.

Address: OFFICE NO-04, GALI NO 1, R.K. PURAM, KUNJPURA

ROAD- KARNAL HARYANA (132001)
The office of Greenfield is 4.5km from New Bus Stand of
Karnal.
Gurugram Office: - A-247, Laxman Vihar, Phase-1 -
Gurgaon- Haryana. MOB: 8708386607
Internship Instructor Er. SUNIL KUMAR
Starting Internship 1st September 2022.

 2/09/2022 – 09/09/2022 (Introduction to Equipment related to drip irrigation)

Next day early morning my internship was started. Firstly I met to Er. Sumit Kumar who
was main supervisor of that company office. On that day I was introduced to all the member
of company.
In this week I was given basic knowledge of drip irrigation system which mainly includes
repair and maintenance.

Main Component of Drip Irrigation:-

 Pump and prime mover: The pressure required to force water through the system's
components, such as the fertilizer tank, filter unit, mainline, sub main, laterals, and
provide at the emitters at the desired pressure, is obtained by either an overhead water
tank situated at the proper elevation or a pump with the necessary capacity.
 Water source: Useful water sources include rivers, lakes, reservoirs/tanks, wells, canals,
and connections to public, private, or cooperative water supply networks. Using a pump
to increase the water's internal energy (pressure), drip irrigation delivers water from these
sources under pressure.
 Mainline, sub mains, manifolds (feeding pipes), and laterals make up the pipe
network.

Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3

 Emitters, drippers, or laterals integrated with emitters and drippers, as well as line
sources with drippers.
 Control devices (Picture 3): Valves, flow meters, pressure and flow regulators,
automation equipment, backflow preventers, vacuum and air release valves, etc.
 Filtration devices (Picture 2): Removal of suspended materials in the water. Media,
screen and disc filters.
 Chemical injectors: For application of plant nutrients and water treatment agents along
with the irrigation water. Pressurized tank, venture injector(Picture 1), injection pump
 12/09/2022 – 01/10/2022 (Visit to Farmers regarding Repair & Maintenance Of Drip
Irrigation)

Farmers Name Chander Singh

Education Details Metric
Total Land 5 Acre (Under Drip Irrigation)
Crop Guava in 4 Acre + Mixed Fruit (Chiku, Kinnu) in 1 Acre
Water Source Water Tank of 50*50*10ft (Volume:- 708 m3). Filled from cannal
water (21 days frequency)
Drip installation year April 2019
System Used drip Ring system (17 R *12 P )
irrigation
Filter Intsalled Netafim Media Filter (Model No KL20)
Capacity:- 25m3/hr
Size of Sand: 12-16 Mesh
Nominal Size: 50mm
Nominal Pressure: 2 kg/cm2
Clean Pressure Drop: 0.38 kg/cm2
Maintenance Period: 1 week, before start of drip irrigation.
Netafim Screen Filter (Model No SJ )
Capacity:- 25-27m3/hr
Size of Aperture: 120 Mesh
Nominal Size: 50 mm
Nominal Pressure: 2 kg/cm2
Clean Pressure Drop: 0.5 kg/cm2
Maintenance Period: Before and after usage of drip irrigation.
Life span of Screen = 10 years
Price at which crop is Rs 100/ kg (in off season)
selled Rs 10/kg ( in season)
The reason for such price fluctuation is climate change
Type of Fertigation done They used to do spray of there own made mixture (10 lt. gomuter,
10lt. cowdug, 2.5kg besan, 2.5kg jiggery. Mix all these in a 250lt.
 tank then after 1 week spray in field over crop)
Cost of Installation Rs 40000 (Approx) + Rs2000 (Labour Charges)
Subsidy Given in 3EMIs (Received one EMI in a year)

Photograph of Visit

Sr. No 2
Farmers Name BALWANT JANGRA
Education Details Senior Secondary
Total Land 10 Acre ( only 1 Acre Under Drip Irrigation + 1 Acre under Mini
Sprinkler)
Crop Vegetable (Carrot) in 1 Acre + Orchard crop in 2 Acre + Rice in 7 Acre
Water Source Water Tank of 85*55*15ft. Filled from cannal water (7-8 days
frequency)
Drip installation year April 2017
System Used Inline Drip + Mini Sprinkler (8*8m)
Filter Intsalled JAIN IRRIGATION Media/Sand Filter (Model No JAIN CLEAN
MASTER)
Capacity:- 25m3/hr
Silica Sand (0.7mm)
Amount of silica in tank – 80kg (for 25m3/hr), 120kg ( for 45m3/hr)
Price of silica- Rs20/kg
Inlet and outlet size – 2inch
Gross Weight- 74kg
Maintenance Period: 4-5 days, before start of drip irrigation.
Price – 21000 approx.
Jain Irrigation Screen Filter (Model No 20ANGULAR )
Inlet and outlet Dia – 2inch
Capacity:- 25 m3/hr
Size of Screen: 125 Mesh
Max working Pressure: 6 kg/cm2
Maintenance Period: Every Before and after usage of drip
irrigation.
Weight: 4kg
Life span of Screen = 10 years
Price – 2000 approx.
Type of Fertigation Use of DAP
done
Cost of Installation Rs 360000 (Approx) + Rs1500 (Labour Charges)
Subsidy 70% of total price is issued

Farm Visit picture

Problems Faced By Farmer:-

1. Improper working of installed filters.

2. Acid Treatments

Remidies

1. Improper working of filter is found due to delay in proper maintenance of filters. The below
steps were followed to maintain the filers

Step 1
At first open
bypass valve.
 Then close the
Step 2
inlet valve.

Then open the

Step 3
flush valve.

Step 4 Then close the

outlet valve.

When water coming out of flush valve is clean enough then reverse the above steps
Step 5
for the efficient drip operation.

Step 6 Change the silica sand with new silica once a year or when particles of silica reduce
to small size or depth of silca reduces.

Silica sand Vertical Sand Filter

 Maintenance of Screen Filters :
Flushing at scheduled daily interval is necessary to maintain
your screen filter. It is recommended to flush your screen filter,
if pressure drops more than 0.5 Kg/cm2 (5 m at water). The
pressure difference can be observed by checking inlet and outlet
pressure by using a single 3-way control valve.
For flushing, simply open the drain valve and let the force of
the water push the dirt out of the drain valve. It is also
necessary to clean the screen at regular interval. Open the
screen filter lid, remove the screen & clean it in flowing water
by rubbing with cloth or soft nylon brush.

2. Steps to initiate the acid treatment process :

i. Acid is injected into drip system at the rate suggested in the water analysis report.
ii. Open the Venturi’s inlet and outlet without altering its calibration settings. Create the
necessary pressure differential (0.5 kg/cm 2) between the intake and output of the fertilizer
tank using the throttle valve. Avoid dumping acid or chlorine on the fertilizer tank.
iii. The acid treatment is performed till a pH of 4 is observed at the last lateral and dripper.
Then the system is shut off for 24 hours. Next day the system is flushed by opening the
flush valve and lateral/drip tape ends before continuing normal operation.

As a general rule, perform acid treatment once in 15 days or in a month/year as scheduled.

 Chlorine Treatment: - To prevent the growth of microorganisms like bacteria and algae,
bleaching powder containing chlorine is used. A solution made of water and bleaching
powder is pumped into the system for around 30 minutes. Then the system is turned off for a
full day. The lateral ends and flush valves are opened after 24 hours to flush off the impure
water. Another option is to add bleaching powder straight into the source at a rate of 2
mg/litre.
 CHAPTER 4

SURVEY WITH FARMERS

Name of Village to be covered in Survey Naiwal, Chhapra Khera, Sangohi, Darar.

A questioner was prepared for the survey. From each village total 5 farmers were selected who
adopted the drip irrigation system. So, total 20 farmer were questioned regarding drip irrigation

Format of Questioner: Sr. No:- ……..

Name of the respondent: Village:
Address & Contact Details:- Put tick mark ( )
Yes No
It requires initially high investment for installation of this system, but more useful on
1
long term.
2 Do you know the daily water requirements for the crops?
3 Is the water distribution is uniform?
Do you know how to adjust pressure through pressure gauges?
4 Or
Face any kind of clogging while operating drip irrigation system?
Do you know the fertilizer requirement is less, if applied through drip irrigation
5
system?
Do you know that the water soluble / liquid fertilizer can be applied through drip
6
irrigation system?
HCl / H2SO4 and bleaching powder are commonly used for acid and chlorine treatment,
7
respectively
8 Do you feel that technical knowledge is required for operating drip irrigation
9 Easily availability of drip irrigation components
10 Satisfied with guarantee provided by company
11 Any other………………………………………………………………………………

After survey, it is concluded that mentioned below point are generally main constraints
faced by farmers in drip irrigation.
1. Addition tank required to get proper pressure
 2. Training requirement & Lack of technical knowledge
3. Frequent clogging of drippers and micro tubes.
4. Non-availability of spare parts at proper time with responsible rates
5. Delay in sanction of loan/subsidy

Suggestions to overcome the constraints faced by the farmers regarding adoption of drip
irrigation system

1. Training should be given to improve knowledge and abilities so that the system can be used
effectively.
2. Frequent maintenance advice and free service from corporate representatives
3. The system's spares must to be affordable and accessible locally.
4. The system's technical knowledge should be made available through a variety of mediums.
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

After completing of my internship, I am getting to learn of following things:-

1. Different type of components of drip irrigation system.

2. How to repair and maintenance of different kind of filters.
3. What are the problems that are generally faced by farmers during use of drip irrigation
system?