MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
1

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess
the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
aapplicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any
equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic
year 2021-2022. Hence if the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in
Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the
answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.

Q. Sub Answers Markin

No. Q. g
N. Scheme

1 (A) Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10-

Total
Marks

(a) List any four input devices connected to PLC 2M

Ans: Input devices connected to PLC

 Switches and push buttons

 Sensing devices

Page 1/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
2

 Limit switches Any

 Proximity sensors
four
 Photoelectric Sensors
 Condition sensors devices :
 Vacuum switches
2M
 Temperature switches
 Level switches
 Pressure switches

(b) Define: 2M

i) Transient Response
ii) Steady state error.

Ans: i)Transient Response :- The output Variation during the time ,it takes to achieve its final Each
value is called as Transient Response. definitio
n : 1M
ii)Steady state error :- A steady-state error is defined as the difference between the desired
value and the actual value of a system when the response has reached the steady state.

(c) For a certain system c(t) is the output and r(t) is the input. If the differential equation is 2M

+8.c(t) = +r(t)

Find transfer function

Ans: Transfer function of a given differential equation:- 2M

+8.c(t) = +r(t)

Taking Laplace Transform

5sC(s) + 8 C(s) = 2s R(s) + R(s)

T.F = =

Page 2/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
3

(d) Define scanning cycle and speed of execution w.r.t. PLC 2M

Ans: 1) Scanning cycle :- In RUN mode PLC processor starts scanning of ladder program. This Each
scanning of ladder program is performed sequentially and repeatedly in four steps that are –
definitio
Input scan, program scan, output scan and communication and memory management. This
cycle is called as scanning cycle. n : 1M
OR
When PLC is put into RUN mode by the user, CPU starts scanning of ladder program
sequentially and repeatedly. Completion of one sequence of program scan is called as
scanning cycle.
2) Speed of execution:- The speed at which PLC scans memory and executes the program is
referred as a speed of execution.

e) Find poles and order of the system represented by : 2M

Ans: Poles of the system are : Poles :

s=0 1M
= (s+4)(s+3) that gives s = -4, s = -3
Order
Therefore poles are , s = 0, -3, -4
of
system
Order of the system : 3
:1M

f) Draw the block diagram of DC servo system. 2M

Ans: 2M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
4

g) Give the reason why derivative controller cannot be used alone? 2M

Ans: Derivative controller is not used alone, i.e., without proportional (P) and integral (I) control, 2M
in a closed-loop system because if the error is constant and non-zero, then the output of the
derivative controller is zero.

Q. Sub Answers Markin

No. Q. g
N. Scheme

2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12-Total

Marks

a) Compare open loop and closed loop control system (any four points). 4M

Ans: Sr. Open loop control Closed loop control

no. system system

1. It is a control system It is a type of control

that does not have a system that contains a
feedback path. feedback path.
2. It is independent of the It is dependent on the 4M (any
output generated. output generated. four
points)
3. Its reliability is less. Its reliability is high.

4. It is less costly. It is more costly.

5. It needs less It needs more

maintenance. maintenance.

6. It is highly stable. It is less stable than open-

loop control system.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
5

7. Examples : Automatic Examples : toasters,

washing machines, rocket launching systems,
immersion heaters, air conditioners,
automatic traffic signal refrigerators, radar
systems. tracking systems.
b) Define dead band and proportional band w.r.t. controller. 4M

Ans: Deadband : Each

definitio
Deadband is a range of operation around the Set Point and within which the controller's action
n : 2M
will not change. On-Off Control with Deadband establishes upper and lower boundaries that
are acceptable to the control loop's operation.

Proportional band : The proportional band is the total range of the controlled output that
can be produced within the controller's 0% and 100% limits.

c) Draw the block diagram of DC input module and describe the function of optical 4M
isolation.

Ans: Block diagram of DC input module : Block

diagram
: 2M

Functio
n : 2M

Function of optical isolation:

 The optical isolator separates the higher ac input voltage from the logic circuits.
 It also prevents damage to the processor due to line voltage transients.
 Optical isolation also helps reduce the effects of electrical noise, common in industrial
environment which can cause erratic operation of the processor.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
6

d) Compare fixed and modular PLC ( any four points). 4M

Ans: Sr. Fixed PLC Modular PLC

no.

1. Elements are fixed on Elements are mounted on

main board of PLC rack

2. I/O count is 32 or less I/O count is more than 32 4M (any

than 32 four
points)
3. Small in size Large in size

4. Low cost High cost

5. Easy to install Installation is complex

6. Memory capacity is less Memory capacity is more

7. It cannot be repaired It can be repaired

Q. Sub Answers Markin

No. Q. g
N. Scheme

3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12-

Total
Marks

a) For the given characteristics equation of a control system. Find stability using 4M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
7

Routh’s criteria

S4+6s3+21s2+36s+20=0

Ans: 4M

b) Explain TON (timer on delay) instruction used in PLC 4M

Ans: 2 Marks
for
diagram
&2
mark
for
explanat
ion

In the above On-delay timer instruction, there are totally seven parameters,

TIMER: T4:0 – Timer File name (Timer T4:0, T4:1, T4:2…)

TIMER BASE – How the time need to count, in Seconds, Milli Second

PRESET – Limit value of Timer-Up to how much it should count

Page 7/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
8

ACCUMULATOR – Running Value of timer when it is in ON condition.

EN – Boolean value which is set to HIGH when the timer is energized.

TT – Boolean value which is set to HIGH when the timer is in the process of counting.

DN – Boolean value which is set to HIGH when the timer is finished counting.

c) Draw the block diagram of PLC and list the function of input and output module 4M

Ans: 3 Marks
for
diagram
&1
mark
for
function

The main function of a PLC IO module is to process communication that is being sent to the
PLC and accept the commands sent from a processor.

PLC Input Output modules can also be used to detect processing errors, run system reports,
and manage the flow of data.

d) Compare P, I, and D controller (any four points). 4M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
9

Ans: Any 4
points :
4M

Q. Sub Answers Markin

No. Q. g
N. Scheme

4 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12-

Total
Marks

(a) Describe the memory organization in PLC w.r.t. 4M

i) Program files
ii) Data files

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
10

Ans: Program files

As the name defines, program files store data regarding logic written, subroutines, and 2 Marks
interrupts. This is the main consuming part of memory in PLC. If the PLC code written is
more, then program file consumption will be large and if the code written is less, then
program file consumption will be less. All the logic, be it a ladder, functional block diagram,
structured text, sequential flow chart, or instruction list, comes in program files memory.

Data files

The data file is the location of memory which stores information like memory words, status 2 Marks
words, input variables, output variables, communication variables, timers, counters, and other
in-built library functions provided by the PLC manufacture.

(b) Draw the output of 4M

i) (1) P

(2)I

(3) PID controller

For the input

ii) Write the output equation y(s) for PID controller

Page 10/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
11

Ans: 4M

(c) Give graphical and mathematical representation of the standard test signal with Laplace 4M
transform.

Ans:

These standard input signals are

 an impulse,
 a step,
 a ramp and
 a parabolic input.
By using above standard test signals of control systems, analysis and design of control
systems are carried out, defining certain performance measures for the system.
Impulse Signal
In bellow an impulse signal is shown in Fig
1 Marks

Page 11/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
12

The impulse function is zero for all t not equal to 0 and it is infinity at t = 0. It rises to infinity
at t = 0– and comes back to zero at t = 0+ enclosing a finite area. If this area is A it is called as
an impulse function of strength A. If A = 1 it is called a unit impulse function. Thus an
impulse signal is denoted by f(t) = A (t).
Step Signal
In bellow a step signal is shown in Fig.
1 Marks

It is zero for t < 0 and suddenly rises to a value A at t = 0 and remains at this value for t > 0: It
is denoted by f(t) = Au (t). If A = 1, it is called a unit step function.
1 Marks
Ramp signal
In bellow a ramp signal is shown in Fig

It is zero for t < 0 and uniformly increases with a slope equal to A. It is denoted by f (t) = At.
If the slope is unity, then it is called a unit ramp signal.
1 Marks
Parabolic signal
In bellow a parabolic signal is shown in Fig

Page 12/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
13

A parabolic signal is denoted by f (t) =. If A is equal to unity, then it is known as a unit

parabolic signal.

(d) Find the transfer function of the given electrical circuit reference figure no 1 4M

Ans: 4M

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
14

(e) Draw the ladder diagram for the basic gates. 4M

Ans: Any 4
ladder

diagram
(1
marks
of each)

Q. Sub Answers Markin

No. Q. g
N. Scheme

5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12-

Total
Marks

a) A second order system is given by 6M

Page 14/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
15

Find

i) Rise time
ii) Peak overshoot
iii) Settling time

Ans: 6M

2 Marks
for each
point

Page 15/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
16

b) Draw the block diagram of power supply used in PLC and explain the function of each 6M
block

Ans: Power Supply 2M for

Power Supply is a part of PLC which is used to supply the required amount of power to CPU, Block
Input module and Output module. PLC has two types of Power supplies – Diagra
1. Internal power Supply: This powers the processor module. m,4M
2. External Power supply: This gives AC or DC power supply to I/O modules. for

The processor requires low DC power. The AC power supply of 240V needs to be converted explanat
into low DC power for the internal power requirements of I/O modules. The Block diagram of ion
power supply is as shown below.

Block diagram of power supply

The elements of power supply are.

1. Line conditioner
2. Transformer
3. Rectifier
4. Filter
5. Regulator
6. Overload and short circuit protection

Line conditioner purifies AC waveform. The transformer steps down AC voltage and
isolates the rectifier circuit from power line. Full wave rectifier converts AC into pulsating
DC voltage. The filter circuit removes AC component from the rectified output. Filter
circuit consists of inductors and capacitors. Voltage regulator maintains a constant DC
output voltage irrespective of load variations and input AC voltage fluctuation.

The last block is for overload and short circuit protection. It limits the current to safe value.

Page 16/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
17

c) For two motor system draw the ladder diagram 6M

i) Start switch starts motor 1 10 seconds later motor 2 starts.

ii) Stop switch stops motor 1 and motor 2 simultaneously

Ans: 6M

Q. Sub Answers Markin

Q. g

Page 17/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
18

No. N. Scheme

6. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12-

Total
Marks

a) List all the comparison instructions used in PLC and explain LES and LIM 6M

Ans: List 2M

LES:2M

LIM:2
M

LES (Less Than):

Symbol of LES instruction

Page 18/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
19

The LES instruction compares whether one value is less than another value. This instruction
has two inputs, Source A and Source B. If the value stored in Source A is less than the value
stored in Source B, then the rung output becomes TRUE, else the rung output is FALSE.

LIM (Limit Test):

The LIM instruction compares whether a given value lies within a specified range. The high
and low limits are stored in different memory addresses as HIGH LIMIT and LOW LIMIT.
The value to be tested is kept in another memory location, namely TEST. If the value stored
in TEST is greater than or equal to the value in LOW LIMIT, and less than or equal to the
value in HIGH LIMIT, then the rung output becomes TRUE, else the rung output is FALSE.
Figure below represents the block format of an LIM instruction.

Figure : Symbol of LIM instruction

b) Derive the transfer function of the given system using block diagram reduction 6M
technique reference figure no2

Page 19/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
20

Ans: 1M for
each
step

Page 20/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
21

Page 21/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
22

c) A second order unity feedback system is given by 6M

i) Peak time TP
ii) peak overshoot % MP
iii) settling time TS

Ans: 2M for
each
point

Page 22/
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Control System and PLC. Subject Code: 22531
Model Answer
23

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