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Sains Strong Together

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views11 pages

Sains Strong Together

pukul 2

Uploaded by

aleeyabung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2020

Layari Channel Youtube Math by Sir K untuk Video rakaman & Tip SPM http://tiny.cc/mathbysirk

PROGRAM IMPAK SPM 2024


24 OKTOBER 2024
KHAIRIL HAFFEZ BIN SAHIDAN
ANALISIS TOPIK-TOPIK DALAM BIDANG MATEMATIK DISKRET SPM 2021 – 2023
GURU CEMERLANG MATEMATIK

BAB TAJUK 2021 2021 (2) 2022 (U) 2022 2023 (U) 2023

1. Penaakulan Logik - 4m 4m 4m 3m 3m

2. Operasi Set 8m 4m 3m 8m 15m 5m

3. Rangkaian dalam Teori Graf 3m 4m 7m 4m 9m 9m

JUMLAH MARKAH 11m 12m 14m 16m 27m 17m

Page | 1
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

OPERASI SET/ OPERATIONS ON SETS


Lorek Set

1. Gambar rajah Venn di ruang jawapan menunjukkan set L, M dan N.


Diberi bahawa set semesta,  = L  M  N . Pada rajah di ruang jawapan,
tunjukkan perbezaan lorekan antara hubungan ( M  N )  L dan
( L  M ) .

The Venn diagram in the answer space shows the sets L, M and N. Given
that the set of universes,  = L  M  N . On the diagram in the answer
space, show the shading difference between the relationship of
( M  N )  L dan ( L  M ) .
[3 markah / marks]

(i) (M  N )  L (ii) ( L  M )

M M
L N L N
L L

Page | 2
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

OPERASI SET/ OPERATIONS ON SETS


Melakar atau Melukis Set
3. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan maklumat kad-kad yang dipegang oleh
pelajar A, B dan C.
The table below shows the information of the cards held by students A, B
and C.

Pelajar Maklumat kad yang dipegang


Student Card information held
A Nombor perdana kurang daripada 10
Prime numbers which are less than 10
B Gandaan bagi 2 yang kurang daripada 9
Multiples of 2 which are less than 9
C Huruf-huruf vokal
Vowel letters

Lukis gambar rajah Venn untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara ketiga-tiga


pelajar tersebut.
Draw a Venn diagram to show the relationship between the three students.
2. Diberi bahawa set K = { nombor kuasa dua sempurna } dan
[3 markah / marks]
set L = { 9,16,25 }. Lengkapkan gambar rajah Venn di ruang jawapan untuk
menunjukkan hubungan antara set K dan set L
Given that the set K = {perfect square number} and set L = {9, 16, 25}.
Complete the Venn diagram in the answer space to show the relationship
between set K and set L

[1 markah / mark]
Page | 3
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

OPERASI SET/ OPERATIONS ON SETS


Mentakrif Hubungan Set
5. Nyatakan hubungan set yang mewakili kawasan yang berlorek dalam
gambarajah Venn di bawah
State the relationship of the set that represents the shaded region in the
Venn diagram below.

[2 markah / marks]

4. Nyatakan hubungan yang diwakili oleh rantau berlorek di antara set X, set
Y dan set Z.
State the relationship represented by the shaded region between set X, set Y
and set Z.

[2 markah / marks]

Page | 4
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

OPERASI SET/ OPERATIONS ON SETS 7. (a) Lengkapkan gambar rajah Venn berdasarkan jadual warna
Membaca & Menilai Unsur kegemaran bagi sekumpulan pelajar berikut.
Complete the Venn diagram based on the table of favourite colors
6. Gambar rajah Venn menunjukkan for the following group of students.
dapatan temubual yang dijalankan Warna Kegemaran Bilangan murid
terhadap sekumpulan pelajar mengenai Favourite color No. of students
jenis aplikasi media sosial yang terdapat Merah, Biru dan Kuning 5
di dalam telefon bimbit mereka. Diberi F Red, Blue and Yellow
ialah Facebook, T ialah Tiktok dan I ialah Biru Sahaja 6
Instagram. Blue only
The Venn diagram shows the findings of Merah Sahaja 12
an interview conducted with a group of Red only
students about the types of social media Merah dan Biru 9
applications available on their mobile Red and Blue
phones. Given F is a Facebook, T is Biru dan Kuning 15
Tiktok and I is Instagram. Blue and Yellow
Merah 30
Berdasarkan gambar rajah Venn, nyatakan,
Red
Based on the Venn diagram, state,
(i) bilangan semua pelajar yang terlibat dalam temubual tersebut, Kuning 35
the number of all students involved in the interview, Yellow
(ii) bilangan pelajar yang memiliki aplikasi Tiktok dan Instagram.
the number of students who have Tiktok and Instagram applications. (b) Cari bilangan pelajar yang meminati satu warna sahaja.
(iii) bilangan pelajar yang memiliki aplikasi Facebook atau Tiktok sahaja. Find the number of students who are interested in one color only.
the number of students who only have Facebook or Tiktok
(c) Cari bilangan pelajar yang tidak meminati kedua-dua warna merah
applications.
dan kuning.
[4 markah / marks] Find the number of students who dislike both red and yellow.
Jawapan / Answer : [5 markah / marks]
(i) Jawapan / Answer :
(b)
(ii)
(c)
(iii)

Page | 5
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

TEORI GRAF/ GRAPH THEORY


Bahagian A
2. Tentukan bilangan tepi yang perlu
1. V = {P, Q, R,S} digugurkan bagi menghasilkan suatu
pokok. Seterusnya hitung jumlah nilai
E = {(P,Q) , (P,R) , (Q,R) , (Q,S) , (Q,S) , (R,R) , (R,S)}
pemberat minimum pokok bagi graf
Lukis satu graf berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi dan kemudian nyatakan dua tersebut.
(2) alasan kenapa graf tersebut bukan sebuah graf mudah. Determine the number of edges that need
Draw a graph based on the information given and then state two (2) reasons to be eliminated in order to produce a
why the graph is not a simple graph. tree. Then, calculate the total minimum
[4 markah / marks] weight of the tree for the graph.
Jawapan / Answer:
[3 markah / marks]
Jawapan / Answer:

Page | 6
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

TEORI GRAF/ GRAPH THEORY


Bahagian A 4.

3. Rajah menunjukkan suatu graf yang mempunyai gegelung dan berbilang tepi.
Diagram shows a graph consist of a loop and multiple edges.
Nyatakan / Determine,
A B (i) set tepi, E.
set of edges, E.

(ii) bilangan darjah,


number of degrees,

D C
[3 markah / marks]

Farzana dan Hajar berada di lokasi P. Mereka ingin pergi ke semua lokasi
lain dalam rajah di atas. Farzana memberi cadangan untuk ke lokasi Q
terlebih dahulu manakala Hajar memberi cadangan untuk ke lokasi T
dahulu bagi menjimatkan masa. Pendapat siapakah yang lebih baik?
Berikan justifikasi anda.
Farzana and Hajar are at location P. They want to go to all the other
locations in the diagram above. Farzana suggested to go to location Q
first while Hajar suggested to go to location T first to save time. Whose
opinion is better? Give your justification.
[4 markah / marks]
Jawapan / Answer:

Page | 7
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

TEORI GRAF/ GRAPH THEORY (b) Rajah menunjukkan graf bagi 6 lokasi yang terdapat di Alor Setar. Jarak
Bahagian B antara lokasi itu, dalam km, ditunjukkan dalam graf.
The diagram shows the graph of 6 locations at Alor Setar. Distance
5. (a) Rajah menunjukkan suatu graf.
between the location, in km, are shown on the graph.
The diagram shows a graph.

Fasha ingin melawat ke semua lokasi di dalam graf di atas bermula dari
A dan tamat di F.
(i) Senaraikan set bucu dan tentukan jumlah darjah bagi bucu S dan
Fasha wants to visit all the locations in the graph above starting from A
Q.
and ending at F.
List the set of vertices and determine the sum of number of
(i) Lukis suatu graf terarah bagi menunjukkan laluan terpendek yang
degrees of vertices S and Q.
boleh dilaluinya.
(ii) Lukis satu subgraf berdasarkan graf di atas yang mempunyai 5
Draw a directed graph to show the shortest path she can take.
bucu sahaja.
(ii) Hitung purata laju, dalam km j-1, bagi Fasha sekiranya dia
Draw a subgraph based on the graph above that has only 5
memerlukan masa selama 24 minit untuk melalui laluan
vertices.
terpendek tersebut.
[4 markah / marks]
Calculate the average speed, in km j-1, for Fasha if it takes her 24
minutes to travel the shortest route.
[4 markah / marks]

Page | 8
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

PENAAKULAN LOGIK / LOGICAL REASONING


Umum
(a) Nyatakan dua implikasi bagi pernyataan berikut: (d) Lengkapkan hujah yang berikut / Complete the following argument
State two implications for the following statement: Premis 1 : Semua Poligon mempunyai jumlah sudut peluaran 360°.
Premise 1 : All Polygons have a total exterior angle of 360°.
A = Ø jika dan hanya jika n(A) = 0
Premis / Premise 2 : ………………………………………………
A = Ø if and only if n(A) = 0
Kesimpulan : Pentagon mempunyai jumlah sudut peluaran 360°
Implikasi / Implication 1: ……………………………………………… Conclusion: Pentagons have a total exterior angle of 360°.
Implikasi / Implication 2: ………………………………………………

(e) Jika 2(4) > 7 maka (-2)(-4) > 7


(b) Lengkapkan hujah yang berikut / Complete the following argument If 2(4) > 7, then (-2)(-4) > 7
Premis 1 : Jika G  H = G maka G  H
Premise 1 : If G  H = G then G  H Tulis akas dan songsangan bagi pernyataan di atas dan tentukan nilai
kebenaran setiap satunya.
Premis / Premise 2 : ……………………………………………… Write the converse and the inverse of the above statement and determine
the truth values of each of them.
Kesimpulan / Conclusion: G  H

(c) Lengkapkan hujah yang berikut / Complete the following argument


Premis 1 : Jika m dan n ialah nombor genap, maka m × n ialah satu
nombor genap.
Premise 1 : If m and n are even numbers, then m × n is an even number.
Premis 2 : m × n bukan satu nombor genap.
Premise 2 : m × n is not an even number.

Kesimpulan / Conclusion: ………………………………………………

Page | 9
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

PENAAKULAN LOGIK / LOGICAL REASONING


Bahagian A
Jawapan / Answers:
1. (a) Tulis kontrapositif bagi pernyataan yang berikut dan seterusnya
tentukan kebenarannya.
Write a contrapositive of the following statement and hence determine
its truth value.
Jika luas segi empat sama RSTU ialah 81 cm2, maka panjang sisi segi
empat sama RSTU ialah 9 cm.
If the area of the square RSTU is 81 cm2, then the side of the square
RSTU is 9 cm.
[2 markah / marks]

(b) Bentuk satu kesimpulan induktif bagi urutan nombor di bawah.


Form a conclusion by induction for the number sequence below.
1 1
= 1−1
3 3(1 )

1 1
=
6 3(2 2−1 )

1 1
=
27 3(33−1 )

[2 markah / marks]

Page | 10
Bengkel Maths Cikgu Khairil/SPM 2024

PENAAKULAN LOGIK / LOGICAL REASONING


Bahagian B

1. (a) Bentukkan satu penafian bagi penyataan yang diberikan di bawah dan (d) Buat satu kesimpulan induktif untuk urutan nombor 5, 12, 21, 32,….yang
tentukan nilai kebenaran bagi penafian tersebut. mengikut pola berikut:
Form a negation for the statement given below and determine the truth
value for that negation. Make a general conclusion by induction for the sequence of numbers
5 ialah nombor perdana 5, 12, 21, 32,….which follows the following pattern:
5 is a prime number
5 = 1(22) + 1
[2 markah / marks]
12 = 2(22) + 4
(b) Tentukan sama ada hujah berikut adalah sah atau tidak sah serta
munasabah atau tidak munasabah. Berikan justifikasi anda. 21 = 3(22) + 9
Determine whether the following arguments are valid or invalid as well 32 = 4(22) + 16
as sound or not sound. Give your justification. … = ………..
Premis / : Jika hasil tambah tiga nombor ialah 15, maka min
[2 markah / marks]
Premise 1 ialah 5.
If the sum of the three numbers is 15, then its mean Jawapan / Answers:
is 5.
Premis / : Hasil tambah tiga nombor itu bukan 15.
Premise 2 The sum of the three numbers is not 15.
Kesimpulan / : Min bukan 5.
Conclusion Mean is not 5
[4 markah / marks]
(c) Huraikan kenapa hujah induktif di bawah dikategorikan sebagai kuat
tetapi tidak meyakinkan.
Explain why the inductive argument below is categorized as strong but
not cogent.
Premis / : 12 ialah gandaan 4
Premise 1 12 is a multiple of 4
Premis / : 28 ialah gandaan 4
Premise 2 28 is a multiple of 4
Premis / : 34 ialah gandaan 4
Premise 3 34 is a multiple of 4
Kesimpulan / : Semua gandaan 4 ialah nombor genap
Conclusion All the multiples of 4 are even numbers
[2 markah / marks]
Page | 11

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