Subject: Business Statistics

Unit 2 Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion

Measurement of Central Tendency

 The marks obtained by ten students in an examination are 18, 16, 20, 8, 22, 19, 17, 10, 6, 12. Find mean
of the marks. (Ans :14.8)
 Find mean of the following observations: 47, 53, 52, 59, 72, 83, 92, 94, 98, 99. (Ans :74.9)
 Find mean of the following observations: 15, 20, 23, 24, 29, 42, 55, 68, 73, 58. (Ans :40.7)
 Find mean of the following observations: 7, 2, 0, 5, -3, 1, 0, 2, 8, 2. (Ans : 2.4)
 Find mean of the following frequency distribution: (Ans : 40.4)

𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74

𝑓 8 11 15 25 20 13 8

 Find mean of the following frequency distribution: (Ans :17.9)

𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-30
𝑓 3 9 16 35 19 12 6

 Find mode of the following observations: 2, 3, 0, 1, 4, 0, 1, 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 1, 0, 1 (Ans :1)

 Find mode of the following observations: 25, 23, 29, 25, 17, 21, 25,16, 25. (Ans : 25)
 Find mode of the following observations: -6, -11, -2, -2, 3, 6, -2, 1, -2. (Ans :-2)
 Find median of the following observations: 2, 5, 11, 1, 6, 9, 13, 1, 15. (Ans :6)
 Find median of the following observations: 52, 48, 60, 50, 68, 51, 55, 62,58 (Ans :55)
 Find median of the following observations: 10.5, 20.25, 18.23, 16.25, 19.12, 20.28, 13.12, 14.08, 12.08,
13.27, 14.5 (Ans :14.5)
 Find median of the following observations: 4, 6, 5, 8, 12, 7, 10, 5, 15, 9, 10, 11. (Ans :8.5)
 Find the median of the following frequency distribution: (Ans : 70.20)
𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 10-29 30-49 50-69 70-89 90-109 110-129
𝑓 13 22 48 57 25 5

 Find the mode of the following frequency distribution: (Ans :22.10)

𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 10-25 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

𝑓 18 32 45 27 20 10
Measure of Dispersion:

 Find Range and relative range from the following distribution. 158, 162, 160, 170, 165, 157.
(Ans: 13, 0.0397)
 Find Range and relative range from the following distribution. 10, 18, 20, 25, 15, 17, 22, 29, 32, 34
(Ans: 24, 0.55)
 Find Range and relative range from the following distribution. 20.5, 28.4, 13.5, 6.4, 19.42, 17.43,
18.24, 15.43, 16.5, 14.4, 19.6, 23.42 (Ans: 22,0.6321))
 Find Range and relative range from the following distribution. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
(Ans: 8, 0.285)
 Find Range and relative range from the following frequency distribution.
(Ans: 7, 0.034)
𝑥 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
𝑓 8 21 36 50 28 20 10 5

 Find standard deviation and coefficient of standard deviation from the following observations.
225, 190, 220, 245, 270, 180, 250, 300, 175, 265 (Ans: 39.45, 0.17)
 Find standard deviation and coefficient of standard deviation from the following observations.
60, 45, 25, 40, 70, 32. (Ans: 15.51, 0.3422)
 Find standard deviation and coefficient of variation from the following observations.
70, 75, 90, 95, 72, 80, 88, 85, 75, 80 (Ans: 7.86, 0.0964)
 Find mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation for the following frequency distribution.
(Ans: 1.66, 0.543)

𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑓 20 15 17 25 22 18 12 5

 Find mean deviation and coefficient of mean deviation for the following frequency distribution.
(Ans: 1.98, 0.66)
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
𝑓 150 160 210 100 170 80 40 20 10 20 20 20
 Unit 3 Correlation and Regression

Correlation

 Find correlation coefficient using product moment method. (Ans =0.78)

𝑥 47 53 58 86 62 68 60 91 51 84
𝑦 39 65 62 90 82 75 25 98 36 78

 Find the correlation coefficient. (Ans =0.963)

𝒙 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
𝒚 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15 17

 Find the correlation coefficient. (Ans r= 0.939)

𝒙 20 30 32 35 40 46 52 55 58 62
𝒚 11 12 10 13 14 16 15 17 18 19

 Find the correlation coefficient. (Ans =0.8468)

𝒙 100 101 102 102 100 99 97 98 96 95
𝒚 98 99 99 97 95 92 95 94 90 91

 Find rank correlation coefficient. (Ans = -0.89)

𝑥 52 22 20 25 30 40 40 41 46
𝑦 50 72 70 68 70 55 55 55 42

 The ranks of Ten students on two subjects are given below. Find Spearman’s rank correlation
coefficient. (Ans = -0.94)
𝑥 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
𝑦 7 6 2 8 4 3 10 9 5 1

 Find rank correlation coefficient. (Ans = -0.91)

𝑥 60 72 42 40 45 50 60 51 66
𝑦 35 30 52 54 48 50 30 35 25
Regression

 Find the equations of regression lines from the following data.

(Ans: y = 8.86 + 0.89x and x = 16.64 + 0.4160y)
𝒙 28 27 26 35 39 42 39 37 32 24 28
𝒚 40 42 38 39 40 50 38 44 45 20 22

 Obtain regression lines from the following data.

(Ans: y = 2.99-0.33x and x=3.56-0.28y)
𝑥 1 5 3 2 1 2 7 3
𝑦 6 1 0 0 1 2 1 5

 Obtain regression lines from the following data.

(Ans: y= 2.5+ 0.04x and x= 3.02+0.06y)

𝑥 2 8 10 -2 5 -4
𝑦 3 2 5 10 -2 -3

 The two regression lines are 16𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 160 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 15𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 95 = 0, and the variance of y is
144. Find 𝑥 ,𝑦 , 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑥 . (Ans: 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓 , 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎, 𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐, 𝒔𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔)

 The two regression lines are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 and 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 8 = 0, and 𝑆𝑥2 = 12, find 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑆𝑦2 and 𝑟.
(Ans: 𝒙 = 𝟏 , 𝒚 = 𝟐, 𝒓 = −𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔, 𝑺𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒)

 The two regression lines are 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 26 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6𝑥 + 𝑦 − 31 = 0, and the variance of x is 25. Find
𝑥 ,𝑦 , 𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑦 . (Ans: 𝒙 = 𝟒 , 𝒚 = 𝟕, 𝒓 = −𝟎. 𝟓, 𝒔𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓)
 Unit 4 Test of Hypothesis

t test
2
 A sample of size 16 from a normal population gave 𝑥 = 48.5 and 𝑥 − 𝑥 =240. Test the hypothesis
the population mean is 50. (Ans: 1.5)
 The mean and S.D of random sample of 20 taken from normal population are 42 and 6 respectively.
Test the hypothesis that population mean is 44.(Ans: 1.45)
 Ten individual are chosen at random from a population and their heights are found to be in inches as 63,
63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 70, 71, 71. As per the given data, test the hypothesis that the mean height of the
population is 66. (Ans: 1.89)
 An IQ test was administered to 5 persons before and after they were trained. The results are given
below: Test whether there is any change in IQ after the training programme.

Person A B C D E
IQ before training 110 120 123 132 125
IQ after training 120 118 125 136 121

( 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 2/2.445 = 0.82, 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 2.776 , 𝐻0 may be Accepted.)

 Twelve patients were given a particular medicine and the increases in their blood pressure were 2, 6, 8,
10, -4, -2, 0, 7, 1, 2, 2, 4. Test the hypothesis using pair-t test to show that the increase in blood pressure
is the result of the medicine.
( 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 =2.50, 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 2.201 , 𝐻0 may be Rejected)

 The sales data of items in six shops before and after special promotional campaign are as under. Can the
campaign be judged to be a success?

Shops A B C D E F
Before Campaign 53 28 31 48 50 42
After Campaign 58 29 30 55 56 45
(𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑙 =3.5/1.256 = 2.78 , 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏 =2.571, 𝐻0 may be Rejected)

 The populations of Nicotine in milligram in two samples of tobacco are given below. Can it be said that
the means of two samples differ significantly? (Ans: 3.49)

Samples I 24 27 26 21 25
Sample II 27 30 28 31 32 36
Chi square test
 The following table gives the number of accounting clerks committing errors among trained and
untrained clerks working in an organization. Use Chi square to test the effectiveness of training in
preventing errors.

Number of clerks Number of clerks

Total
committing errors Not committing errors
Trained 70 530 600
Untrained 155 745 900
Total 225 1275 1500
(𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝒍 = 8.7, 𝒙𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒃 =3.84, 𝑯𝟎 may be Rejected)

 In an anti-malaria campaign in certain area quinine was administered to 812 persons out of a total
population of 3248. The number of fever cases reported is shown below. Discuss the usefulness of
quinine in checking malaria. Use Chi square test.

Treatment fever No fever

Quinine 20 792
No quinine 220 2216
(𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝒍 = 38.39, 𝒙𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒃 =3.84, 𝑯𝟎 may be Rejected)

 Two hundred randomly selected adults were asked whether TV shows as a while are primarily
entertaining or educational (only one answer could be chosen). The respondents were categorized by
gender. Their responses are given in the following table. Is this evidence convincing that there is a
relationship between gender and opinion in the population interest? Use Chi Square test.

Opinion
Gender Entertaining Educational Total
Female 100 50 150
Male 20 30 50
Total 120 80 200
(𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝒍 = 11.11, 𝒙𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒃 =3.84, 𝑯𝟎 may be Rejected)
ANOVA Test

 Using one way ANOVA, test the hypothesis that the mean production is same for all three machines.

M-I M-II M-III Solution: Sources SS df MS 𝑭

25 31 24 Between 250 2 125
𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 7.49
30 39 30
Within 200 12 16.67 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 3.88,
Total 450 14 32.14 𝐻0 may be Rejected
36 38 28
38 42 25
31 35 28

 Set up One way ANOVA, for the following per hectare yield for three varieties of wheat each grown on
four plots.
Variety of Wheat Solution: Sources SS df MS 𝑭
A1 A2 A3 Between 8 2 4 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 1.50
Within 24 9 2.67 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 4.26,
6 5 5
2.90
𝐻0 may be Accepted
Total 32 11
7 5 4
3 3 3
8 7 4

 The yields of three types of particular food-grains are as shown below. Test the significance of the
difference in the yields of three types of food grains , using One way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Types of food grains Solution: Sources SS df MS 𝑭

A B C Between 12.5 2 6.25 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 =2.62
3 2 6 Within 21.5 9 2.39 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 4.26 ,
Total 34 11 𝐻0 may be accepted
3 4 5
4 4 3
1 6 7

 Four salesmen were posted in different areas by a company. The number of units of commodity x sold
by them are as follow: Perform One Way ANOVA to test the hypothesis that there is no significant
difference in the performance of four salesmen.

A B C D Solution: Sources SS df MS 𝑭
20 25 24 23 Between 15 3 5 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 1.67
19 23 20 20 Within 24 8 3 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 4.07,
21 21 22 20
Total 39 11 3.55 𝐻0 may be
accepted
  A company appoints 4 salesmen A, B, C, D and observes their sales in 3 season: summer, winter,
monsoon. The figures (in lakhs) are given in the following table.Set up two way ANOVA table for the
data.

Salesman
A B C D
Summer 36 36 21 35
Winter 28 29 31 32
Monsoon 26 28 29 29
Solution:

Sources SS df MS 𝑭
Between Rows 32 2 16 For Rows
𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 =1.42, 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 19.33 ,
Between columns 42 3 14 𝐻0 may be accepted
Errors 136 6 22.67 For columns
Total 210 11 19.09 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 =1.62, 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 8.94,
𝐻0 may be accepted

 Three varieties of potatoes are being compared for yield. The experiments was carried out by assigning
each variety at random to four of 12 equal size plots one being chosen in each to tour location. The
following yields results. Test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the yielding capabilities of
three varieties and four locations.

Variety of Potato
A B C
(i) 18 13 12
(ii) 20 23 21
Locations
(iii) 14 12 9
(iv) 11 17 10
Solution:
Sources SS df MS 𝑭
Between Rows 171.32 3 57.11 For Rows
Between 24.5 2 12.25 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 =8.12, 𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 4.76
columns 𝐻0 may be Rejected
Errors 42.18 6 7.03 .For columns
Total 238 11 21.64 𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑙 =1.74,
𝐹𝑡𝑎𝑏 = 5.14,
𝐻0 may be accepted