Pacific School of Engineering, Surat

Affiliated with GTU

A
Internship Report
On

“Python programming base mini projects:

1) CRUD operations with Django
2) Desktop applications using PyWebView”
Under subject of
Internship Project
Subject code: 4350704

Submitted by
1. Mr. Vaidikkumar Makawana - [ 229760307048 ]
D.E. : III year, Semester : V
Diploma in Computer Engineering

Guided By:
Prof. Priya Patel
Computer Engineering Department
Pacific School of Engineering, Surat.

Academic Year
[ 2024 - 2025 ]

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INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

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 Pacific School of Engineering, Surat
Affiliated with GTU

INSTITUTE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the project entitled “Python
programming base mini projects: 1) CRUD operations with Django and 2) desktop
applications using PyWebView” has been carried out by Mr. Makawana Vaidikkumar
[229760307048] under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the Diploma of Engineering in
Computer, 5th Semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad during the academic
year 2023-24.

Internal Guide Head of the Department External Examiner

Computer Engineering Department Computer Engineering Department
Pacific School of Engineering, Surat Pacific School of Engineering, Surat

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 Pacific School of Engineering, Surat
Affiliated with GTU

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Project report submitted along with the Project entitled “Python
programming base mini projects: 1) CRUD operations with Django and 2) desktop applications
using PyWebView” submitted in partial fulfillment for the Diploma of Engineering in Computer
to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work
carried out by us at Pacific School of Engineering under the supervision of Prof. Priya Patel and
that no part of this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports.

NO Name Of Student Sign of Student

1 Makawana Vaidikkumar Shaileshkumar

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Om Tec Web for providing

me the opportunity to intern with their dynamic team. This experience
has significantly enhanced my understanding of Python technology and
its applications in real-world projects.

I extend my sincere thanks to my guide at Om Tec Web, Mr. Chirag

Jariwala, for his invaluable support and guidance throughout my
internship. His insights and encouragement were instrumental in my
learning and development during this period.

I would also like to thank my college guide, Prof. Priya Patel, for her
continuous support and mentorship. Her guidance helped me navigate
challenges and maximize my learning during this internship, making it a
truly rewarding experience.

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 ABSTRACT

During my internship, I focused on developing web applications using

Python, specifically leveraging Django and PyWebView. This experience
allowed me to deepen my understanding of web frameworks and
enhance my programming skills in a practical environment.

Working with Django, I learned to create robust back-end systems that

efficiently manage databases and user interactions. The framework’s
powerful features enabled me to implement various functionalities,
improving the overall user experience.

Additionally, I explored PyWebView, which facilitated the development

of desktop applications using web technologies. This innovative
approach allowed me to combine my web development skills with
desktop application functionality, broadening my technical expertise in
software development.

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 Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... v
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. vi
Chapter 1 : Company Introduction .......................................................... 1
1.1 About ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Mission and vision ......................................................................... 1
 Mission ...................................................................................... 1
 Vision ......................................................................................... 2
1.3 Services ......................................................................................... 2
1.4 Company culture and work environment ...................................... 3
Chapter 2 : Internship Overview ............................................................. 4
2.1 Duration and scope of the internship ............................................ 4
2.2 Role and responsibilities................................................................ 5
Chapter 3 : Python Basics Overview ........................................................ 7
3.1 Introduction to Python .................................................................. 7
3.2 Key Features of Python ................................................................. 8
3.3 Setting up the Python Environment ............................................ 11
Chapter 4 : Introduction to Django ....................................................... 16
4.1 Introduction to Django ................................................................ 16
4.2 Key Features of Django ................................................................ 18
4.3 Django Architecture and Structure .............................................. 19
Chapter 5 : Basic Working with Django Structure ................................. 22
5.1 Components of a Typical Django Application .............................. 22
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 5.2 Setting up a Django Project ..................................................... 28
Chapter 6 : Introduction to My Basic Django Project ............................ 31
6.1 Project Overview: ........................................................................ 31
6.2 Step-by-Step Application Walkthrough with Screenshots ........... 33
Chapter 7 : Introduction to PyWebview ................................................ 38
7.1 What is PyWebView? .................................................................. 38
7.2 Key Features of PyWebView ........................................................ 38
7.2 Use Cases for PyWebView ........................................................... 39
Chapter 8 : Introduction to My PyWebview Project .............................. 41
8.1 Project Overview ......................................................................... 41
8.2 Working of the Project ................................................................ 43
8.3 Step-by-Step Application Walkthrough ....................................... 46
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 56
References ............................................................................................ 57

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 Chapter 1 : Company Introduction

1.1 About
OmTec Web is a one-stop globally leading IT solution provider company.
Delivering top-notch IT solutions for small-scale to large-scale
organizations with 10+ years of excellence in the IT sector. We provide a
wide range of website development services, mobile app development
services, eCommerce development services, digital marketing services,
and many more. We deliver high-quality solutions to our clients to get an
effective online appearance. So we understand each project’s goals and
work accordingly to convert a client’s dreams into reality.

Our experts keep up-to-date with advanced technologies and industry

trends that change rapidly to offer our clients cutting-edge services. We
listen to your queries carefully, understand them, and then develop an
execution plan that helps reach a wider audience and boost your
business.

We will always be a helping hand for you to stay ahead of your

competitors in such a competitive era. Your success is our success, so we
dedicate our 100% effort to your project to make your brand shine like a
star.

1.2 Mission and vision

 Mission
At Om Tec Web, our mission is to empower businesses and individuals
through innovative technology solutions that enhance productivity and
drive growth. We are committed to delivering exceptional IT services

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tailored to meet the unique needs of each client, ensuring they can
navigate the complexities of the digital landscape with confidence. Our
team of experts combines deep industry knowledge with a passion for
technology, enabling us to provide cutting-edge solutions ranging from
web development and software engineering to cloud services and
cybersecurity. We believe that by prioritizing our clients' objectives and
fostering long-term partnerships, we can help them achieve their goals
while adapting to the ever-evolving market demands.

 Vision
Our vision at Om Tec Web is to be a leading force in the IT industry,
recognized for our unwavering commitment to quality, innovation, and
client satisfaction. We aspire to create a world where technology
seamlessly integrates into everyday life, driving efficiencies and unlocking
new opportunities for businesses of all sizes. By embracing the latest
advancements in technology and continuously refining our services, we
aim to set new standards for excellence in IT solutions. We envision a
future where our contributions lead to transformative changes, not just
for our clients, but for communities around the globe, fostering a more
connected and technologically adept society.

1.3 Services
 Digital Marketing Services
 Mobile App Development
 E-Commerce Development
 Website Design And Development Services
 Wordpress maintenance and support services
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  Wordpress speed optimization services

1.4 Company culture and work environment

 Company Culture at Om Tec Web
At Om Tec Web, the company culture is built on a foundation of
collaboration and innovation. The team is encouraged to share ideas
freely, fostering an environment where creativity can flourish. Regular
brainstorming sessions and open forums provide employees with the
opportunity to contribute to ongoing projects and suggest
improvements. This inclusive atmosphere not only enhances team
cohesion but also empowers individuals to take ownership of their work.
The leadership at Om Tec Web actively promotes a culture of continuous
learning, offering various professional development programs and
workshops. This commitment to growth helps employees stay ahead of
industry trends and encourages them to pursue their personal and
professional goals.

 Work Environment
The work environment at Om Tec Web is designed to promote both
productivity and well-being. The office is equipped with modern facilities
and ergonomic furniture, creating a comfortable space for employees to
work effectively. Natural light floods the workspace, contributing to a
vibrant and uplifting atmosphere. Breakout areas are available for
informal meetings or relaxation, where team members can recharge and
connect with one another. This balance between focused work and
casual interaction encourages creativity and enhances collaboration
among teams.

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 Chapter 2 : Internship Overview
2.1 Duration and scope of the internship
My internship at Om Tec Web spanned from June 27, 2024, to August 7,
2024, providing me with an intensive six-week experience that was both
enriching and transformative. During this period, I had the opportunity
to immerse myself in Python technology, a skill that is increasingly vital
in the modern tech landscape. The structured timeline allowed me to
delve deeply into specific frameworks, particularly Django and
PyWebview, which were pivotal in the development of two significant
projects. The internship was designed not only to enhance my technical
skills but also to cultivate my ability to work within a professional team,
addressing real-world challenges and contributing to impactful solutions.

The scope of the internship was extensive, encompassing a blend of

theoretical learning and hands-on project development. Initially, I
underwent an orientation program that provided an overview of the
company's operations, team dynamics, and project management
methodologies. Following this, I was introduced to the specific
technologies I would be working with, including an in-depth exploration
of Django's capabilities for building robust web applications. This part of
the internship was crucial, as it laid the groundwork for my subsequent
project work. I was encouraged to apply best practices in software
development, including version control, testing, and documentation,
ensuring that I was not just coding but understanding the principles
behind effective software engineering.

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As I progressed through the internship, I successfully developed two
distinct projects that showcased my growing proficiency with Python.
The first project, built using Django, involved creating a web application
that facilitated user interactions and data management, highlighting the
framework's strengths in handling complex database operations and user
authentication. The second project utilized PyWebview to create a
lightweight desktop application that bridged the gap between web and
native functionalities. This experience not only enhanced my technical
skills but also taught me valuable lessons in project management,
teamwork, and problem-solving. By the end of my internship, I felt
equipped with a solid foundation in Python technologies and a deeper
understanding of how to contribute effectively within a collaborative
work environment.

2.2 Role and responsibilities

During my internship at Om Tec Web, I had the opportunity to work
under the guidance of Chirag Jariwala in the back-end development
department. My primary role involved contributing to various projects
utilizing Python technology, which allowed me to deepen my
understanding of back-end processes and enhance my coding skills. Each
day began with a brief morning meeting where Chirag provided insights
into our ongoing projects and outlined the specific goals for the day. This
daily interaction set the tone for my responsibilities, as I was encouraged
to take initiative and propose solutions while also learning from the
team’s collective expertise. My proactive engagement in these
discussions fostered a strong sense of collaboration and helped me align
my tasks with the overall project objectives.

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A significant aspect of my role was to report my progress at the end of
each day to Chirag. This practice not only kept me accountable but also
enabled constructive feedback on my work. During these end-of-day
reports, I would detail the specific tasks I had completed, challenges I
encountered, and any breakthroughs in my understanding of the
technologies we were utilizing. For instance, while working on the Django
project, I had to implement features that required careful attention to
the database schema and user authentication processes. Chirag's
feedback was instrumental in refining my approach, as he often shared
best practices and real-world scenarios that enhanced my learning
experience. This iterative process of reporting and feedback greatly
contributed to my professional development and reinforced the
importance of clear communication in a team setting.

In addition to my core responsibilities, I also engaged in collaborative

efforts with other team members to ensure the successful completion of
our projects. I participated in code reviews, which involved assessing my
peers' work and offering constructive suggestions, as well as receiving
feedback on my own code. This collaborative dynamic helped me
understand different coding styles and problem-solving approaches,
enriching my overall skill set. Working closely with Chirag and the rest of
the team allowed me to gain insights into project management and
development workflows, including task prioritization and agile
methodologies. Through these experiences, I not only honed my
technical abilities but also developed soft skills that are essential for
effective teamwork and project execution in a professional setting.
Overall, my role at Om Tec Web was multifaceted, combining technical
tasks with collaborative learning, which ultimately prepared me for a
successful career in back-end development.

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 Chapter 3 : Python Basics Overview
3.1 Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level,
interpreted programming
language that has gained
immense popularity due
to its simplicity and
versatility. Developed in
the late 1980s by Guido
van Rossum and officially
released in 1991, Python
emphasizes readability
and ease of use, making it
an ideal choice for both
beginners and
experienced developers. Its syntax is clean and straightforward, allowing
developers to express concepts in fewer lines of code compared to other
programming languages. This focus on readability not only enhances the
learning curve for new programmers but also facilitates collaboration
among teams, as code is easier to understand and maintain.

One of Python’s defining characteristics is its extensive standard library,

which provides a wide array of modules and functions to support various
programming tasks. This “batteries-included” philosophy allows
developers to perform complex operations, such as file manipulation,
data analysis, web development, and more, without needing to write
everything from scratch. Additionally, Python supports multiple

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programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and
functional programming, which gives developers the flexibility to choose
the style that best fits their project requirements. The language's
versatility is further enhanced by its strong community support, which
contributes a wealth of third-party libraries and frameworks, such as
Django for web development and NumPy for scientific computing.

Furthermore, Python’s cross-platform compatibility is another significant

advantage, allowing code to run seamlessly on various operating
systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux. This feature makes it an
ideal choice for developers who need to deploy applications across
different environments. Python is also widely used in emerging fields
such as data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, thanks
to powerful libraries like Pandas, TensorFlow, and Scikit-learn. As
organizations increasingly turn to data-driven decision-making, Python's
role in data analysis and machine learning continues to grow, solidifying
its position as one of the most sought-after programming languages in
the industry. Overall, Python's combination of readability, versatility, and
robust community support makes it an excellent choice for a wide range
of programming tasks, serving as a foundation for my projects during the
internship.

3.2 Key Features of Python

 Readability and Simplicity :
Python's syntax is designed to be clear and straightforward, making
it easy for beginners to learn and understand. This focus on
readability allows developers to write clean and maintainable code,
which is essential for collaboration.
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 Interpreted Language :
Python is an interpreted language, meaning that code is executed
line by line. This feature makes debugging easier and allows for
immediate feedback during development, enabling rapid testing
and iteration.

 Extensive Standard Library :

Python comes with a rich set of built-in modules and functions that
cover a wide range of programming tasks, from file handling to web
development. This extensive standard library reduces the need for
external libraries for common tasks, speeding up development.

 Dynamic Typing :
In Python, variable types are determined at runtime rather than in
advance. This dynamic typing allows for more flexibility in coding,
as developers can easily change the types of variables without
needing explicit declarations.

 Cross-Platform Compatibility :
Python code can run on various operating systems, such as
Windows, macOS, and Linux, without requiring modification. This
cross-platform nature facilitates development and deployment
across different environments.

 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

Python supports OOP principles, such as encapsulation,
inheritance, and polymorphism. This enables developers to create
reusable and modular code, enhancing the organization and
structure of applications.

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 Rich Ecosystem of Libraries and Frameworks :
The Python community has created a vast array of third-party
libraries and frameworks that extend its capabilities. Popular
libraries like NumPy, Pandas, Django, and Flask allow for specialized
functionalities in areas such as data analysis and web development.

 Community Support :
Python has a large and active community that contributes to its
growth and development. This community offers extensive
resources, including documentation, tutorials, and forums, making
it easier for developers to find help and share knowledge.

 Integration Capabilities :
Python can easily integrate with other programming languages,
such as C, C++, and Java. This flexibility allows developers to
leverage existing codebases and libraries, enhancing the language’s
versatility.

 Support for Functional Programming :

Python supports functional programming paradigms, allowing
developers to write code using functions as first-class objects. This
capability enables powerful programming techniques, such as
higher-order functions and lambda expressions.

 Extensive Framework Support for Web Development :

Frameworks like Django and Flask make web development in
Python efficient and organized, providing built-in functionalities for
routing, templating, and database management.

 Data Science and Machine Learning Libraries :

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 Python has become the go-to language for data science and
machine learning, with powerful libraries such as TensorFlow,
Scikit-learn, and Matplotlib, facilitating data analysis and
visualization.

3.3 Setting up the Python Environment

1. Install Python
Step 1: Download Python
- Visit the official Python website: “https://www.python.org/.”
- Navigate to the "Downloads" section. The website typically suggests the
best version for your operating system.
- Click on the download link to get the latest version of Python.

Step 2: Run the Installer

- Open the downloaded installer.
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- Make sure to check the box that says “Add Python to PATH” before
clicking “Install Now.” This step is crucial for running Python from the
command line.
- Follow the installation prompts. Once the installation is complete, you
should see a setup success message.

Step 3: Verify the Installation

- Open your command prompt (Windows) or terminal (macOS/Linux).
- Type the following command and press Enter:
python --version
or
python3 --version

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 You should see the version number of Python installed. If you see an
error, check that Python was added to your PATH correctly.

2. Install Visual Studio Code (VS Code)

Step 1: Download and Install
- Visit the official Visual Studio Code website:
“https://code.visualstudio.com/”.
- Download the installer for your operating system and run it.

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- Follow the installation instructions.

3. Set up Python in Visual Studio Code

Step 1: Open VS Code
- Launch Visual Studio Code.

Step 2: Install the Python Extension

- Click on the Extensions view icon on the Sidebar (or press
`Ctrl+Shift+X`).
- Search for "Python" and install the extension provided by Microsoft.

Step 3: Select the Python Interpreter

- Open the Command Palette by pressing `Ctrl+Shift+P`.
- Type and select “Python: Select Interpreter.”

Step 4: Create a New Python File

- Open a new file by clicking on `File` > `New File` or by pressing `Ctrl+N`.
- Save the file with a `.py` extension (e.g., `main.py`).

Step 5: Run Your Python Code

- Write a simple Python program (e.g., `print ("Hello, World!")`).

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- You can run the program by opening the integrated terminal (`View` >
`Terminal` or `Ctrl+``) and typing: “python main.py”

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 Chapter 4 : Introduction to Django

4.1 Introduction to Django

Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid

development and clean, pragmatic design. Created in 2003 and released
publicly in 2005, Django is named after the jazz guitarist Django
Reinhardt, reflecting the framework's focus on efficiency and ease of use.
It was designed to help developers build web applications quickly
without sacrificing quality or scalability. One of Django's standout
features is its emphasis on the "DRY" (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle,
which promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy. By
streamlining development processes, Django allows developers to focus
on building unique functionalities rather than spending excessive time on
repetitive tasks.

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One of the core components of Django is its robust Object-Relational
Mapping (ORM) system, which simplifies database interactions. This
feature allows developers to define their data models in Python code
rather than SQL, enabling a more intuitive approach to database
management. The ORM seamlessly translates Python code into database
queries, facilitating easy data manipulation and retrieval. Additionally,
Django supports multiple database backends, including PostgreSQL,
MySQL, and SQLite, providing flexibility for various project needs. This
ability to abstract database operations makes it easier for developers to
maintain and evolve their applications without extensive rework,
promoting a more agile development process.

Furthermore, Django comes equipped with an extensive set of built-in

features that expedite the development of secure and scalable web
applications. These include an authentication system, an admin interface
for managing application data, and tools for URL routing and template
rendering. The framework also incorporates security measures to protect
against common web vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-site
scripting (XSS). This commitment to security is vital for developers aiming
to create reliable applications in an increasingly threat-prone digital
landscape. Django's vibrant community further enhances its capabilities
through a wealth of third-party packages and extensions, enabling
developers to integrate additional functionalities easily. Overall, Django
is a powerful and versatile framework that empowers developers to build
sophisticated web applications efficiently while maintaining a high
standard of quality.

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4.2 Key Features of Django
 Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) :
- Simplifies database interactions with Python objects.
- Supports multiple database backends (PostgreSQL, MySQL, and
SQLite).
- Enables advanced querying with intuitive syntax.

 Robust Authentication System :

- Includes user registration, login, and password management.
- Provides built-in protection against CSRF and session hijacking.
- Allows customization of user models and permissions.

 Admin Interface :
- Automatically generates a user-friendly admin panel.
- Facilitates easy management of application data.
- Requires minimal configuration for model management.

 URL Routing :
- Offers a straightforward way to map URLs to views.
- Supports clean and readable URL design.
- Allows for dynamic URL patterns.

 Templating Engine :
- Provides a powerful system for rendering HTML.
- Supports template inheritance for reusable components.
- Allows for dynamic content insertion and logic.

 Form Handling :
- Simplifies form creation, validation, and processing.

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 - Provides built-in protection against common vulnerabilities.
- Supports custom form fields and widgets.

 Middleware Support :
- Enables processing of requests and responses globally.
- Facilitates features like session management and authentication.
- Allows for easy integration of third-party functionality.

 Security Features :
- Protects against SQL injection and XSS attacks.
- Implements password hashing and secure cookie management.
- Provides tools for secure session handling.

 Scalability :
- Designed to handle high-traffic applications efficiently.
- Supports caching mechanisms for improved performance.
- Facilitates the development of modular applications.

 Extensive Documentation and Community Support :

- Comprehensive official documentation for developers.
- Active community contributing plugins and third-party packages.
- Numerous tutorials and resources available online.

4.3 Django Architecture and Structure

Django follows a Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern,
which is a variation of the traditional Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architecture. This structure promotes a clean separation of concerns and
makes it easier to develop, maintain, and scale web applications. Below
is a detailed description of Django’s architecture and its components:
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 Model
Definition: The Model is the part of the architecture that handles
the data and business logic of the application. It defines the
structure of the database, including the data types and
relationships between different entities.

 View
Definition: The View acts as a bridge between the Model and the
Template. It contains the logic that retrieves data from the Model
and passes it to the Template for presentation.

Example: A view function may retrieve all student records from the
database and pass this data to a Template that displays it in a
structured format.

 Template
Definition: The Template is responsible for the presentation layer of
the application. It defines how data should be displayed to the user,
using HTML combined with Django’s templating language.

Example: A Template for displaying student information may

include HTML markup along with Django template tags to
dynamically insert student data.

 URL Dispatcher
Definition: The URL Dispatcher maps incoming web requests to the
appropriate View based on the URL pattern defined in the
application.

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 Example: A URL pattern might map `/students/` to a view that lists
all students, while `/students/<id>/` could retrieve a specific
student’s details.

 Admin Interface
Definition: Django automatically generates a powerful admin
interface for managing application data based on the defined
Models.

Example: In a student management system, the admin can manage

student and course data through the admin panel without writing
additional code.

 Middleware
Definition: Middleware is a layer of hooks into Django’s
request/response processing. It allows you to modify the request
or response globally.

Example: A middleware component might be used to check user

authentication and redirect unauthorized users to the login page.

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 Chapter 5 : Basic Working with Django
Structure

5.1 Components of a Typical Django Application

A typical Django application consists of several key components that
work together to deliver dynamic web functionality. Understanding these
components is essential for developing effective and maintainable
applications. Below is a detailed description of the core components of a
Django application, blending paragraph format with bullet points for
clarity.
 Models
Models serve as the foundation of any Django application, defining
the data structure and business logic. Each model corresponds to a
table in the database, and Django's Object-Relational Mapping
(ORM) translates Python classes into database tables. This allows
developers to interact with the database using Python code rather
than raw SQL, simplifying data manipulation.

Key Features:
- Data Definition: Models define fields and behaviors of the data
you want to store.
- Data Validation: Built-in validation ensures that the data adheres
to specified formats and constraints.

Relationships: Models can define relationships between different

entities, such as one-to-many or many-to-many associations.

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 Example:

 Views
Views are responsible for processing user requests and returning
responses. They contain the application logic, fetching data from
the models and passing it to templates for rendering. In Django,
views can be defined as functions or class-based views, providing
flexibility in handling requests.

Key Features:
- Request Handling: Views receive HTTP requests and determine
what data to display.
- Business Logic: They can implement complex logic to handle user
interactions and data manipulation.
- Response Generation: Views prepare and return responses, often
by rendering templates with dynamic content.

Example:

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 Templates
Templates are used for rendering the presentation layer of the
application. They define how data is displayed to users, utilizing
Django's templating language to embed dynamic content.
Templates can extend one another, promoting reuse and
consistency across the application.

Key Features:
- Dynamic Content: Templates can display data passed from views,
enabling dynamic web pages.
- Template Inheritance: Allows for a base template that other
templates can extend, reducing redundancy.
- Conditional Logic: Supports template tags and filters for
implementing conditional rendering and formatting.

Example:

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 URL Dispatcher
The URL dispatcher maps incoming HTTP requests to the
appropriate views based on the URL patterns defined in the
application. It plays a crucial role in determining how users navigate
through the application.

 Key Features:
- URL Patterns: Defined in a dedicated `urls.py` file, specifying how
URLs are matched to views.
- Dynamic URLs: Supports capturing URL parameters, allowing for
dynamic content based on the URL.
- Hierarchy and Organization: Enables a structured way to organize
URLs for better maintainability.

Example:

 Admin Interface
Django comes with a built-in admin interface that provides an easy
way to manage application data. This powerful tool is automatically
generated based on the defined models and allows administrators
to perform CRUD operations without writing additional code.

Key Features:
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 - User-Friendly Interface: Offers an intuitive web interface for
managing data.
- Customization: Allows for customization of the admin panel to
tailor it to specific needs.
- Access Control: Supports user authentication and permissions to
secure sensitive data.

 Static Files
Static files, such as CSS, JavaScript, and images, are essential for
enhancing the visual appeal and interactivity of web applications.
Django provides a robust mechanism for managing static files,
ensuring they are served correctly alongside dynamic content.

Key Features:
- Static File Management: Django collects static files from various
applications and serves them efficiently.
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 - Version Control: Supports versioning and caching strategies to
optimize performance.

 Middleware
Middleware components are hooks into Django’s request/response
processing. They allow for global modifications to requests and
responses, enabling functionality such as session management,
authentication, and security features.

Key Features:
- Request and Response Processing: Middleware can process
requests before they reach the view and responses before they are
sent to the client.
- Security Enhancements: Middleware can implement security
measures like CSRF protection and user authentication.

Understanding the components of a typical Django application is crucial

for effective web development. Each element—models, views,
templates, URL dispatcher, admin interface, static files, and
middleware—plays a significant role in the overall architecture,
contributing to the application's functionality and maintainability. By
leveraging these components, developers can build powerful, scalable
web applications that meet a wide range of user needs.
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5.2 Setting up a Django Project
1. Create a New Django Project
Once Django is installed, you can create a new project using the
`django-admin` command. This command sets up the basic
directory structure and configuration files needed for your project.

Command to Create a New Project:

2. Project Directory Structure

Upon creating your project, you will see a new directory with the
following structure:

 manage.py: A command-line utility for managing your Django

project.
 settings.py: Contains project settings, including database
configuration, installed apps, and middleware.
 urls.py: Defines the URL patterns for your application.

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  wsgi.py: An entry point for WSGI-compatible web servers to
serve your project.

3. Run the Development Server

After setting up your project, you can run the development server
to see your application in action. Navigate to the project directory
in your terminal and use the following command:
“python manage.py runserver”

By default, the server runs on `http://127.0.0.1:8000/`. Open this

URL in a web browser to view the default Django welcome page.

4. Create a New Application

Django projects can contain multiple applications. To create a new
application within your project, use the following command:
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 “python manage.py startapp app_name”

5. Register the Application

Once you have created a new application, you need to register it in
the `settings.py` file of your project. Open `settings.py` and add the
application name to the `INSTALLED_APPS` list.

6. Set Up Database Configuration

Django uses SQLite by default, but you can configure other
databases such as PostgreSQL or MySQL in the `settings.py` file.
Modify the `DATABASES` section to fit your database configuration.

7. Create and Apply Migrations

After defining your models, you will need to create and apply
migrations to set up your database schema. Run the following
commands:

With your project set up, you can begin developing your Django
application by creating models, views, and templates according to your
project requirements.

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 Chapter 6 : Introduction to My Basic Django
Project
6.1 Project Overview:
The Django CRUD project serves as a web application designed to
manage and display student and faculty data in an organized manner. The
primary objective of this project is to facilitate the creation, retrieval,
updating, and deletion (CRUD) of records related to students and faculty
members, providing a user-friendly interface for efficient data
management.
Key Features:
 User-Friendly Interface: The application offers an intuitive web
interface for users to navigate easily through student and faculty
records.

 Data Management: Users can perform essential CRUD operations:

- Create: Add new student or faculty records.
- Read: View existing records in a structured format.
- Update: Modify details of existing records as necessary.
- Delete: Remove records that are no longer needed.

 Organized Data Display: The project showcases student and faculty

data in a clear, organized manner, making it easy to access and
interpret.

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  Database Integration: Utilizes Django’s ORM for seamless
interaction with the database, ensuring data integrity and
consistency.

 Responsive Design: The application is designed to be responsive,

making it accessible on various devices, including desktops and
mobile phones.
Technical Stack:
 Framework: Django
 Database: SQLite (or another relational database)
 Frontend: HTML, CSS, and optional JavaScript for enhanced
interactivity

Learning Outcomes:

This project not only solidifies understanding of Django and web

development principles but also enhances skills in database
management, user interface design, and software engineering
practices. It serves as a practical demonstration of how web
applications can streamline data handling in educational
environments.

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6.2 Step-by-Step Application Walkthrough with Screenshots

 Login page

The application features a unified login page that allows both students
and faculty to access their accounts seamlessly. Users can log in using
their unique ID or registered email address, along with their password.
This design simplifies the authentication process and enhances user
experience by providing multiple options for logging in. After entering
their credentials, users can securely access the main dashboard, where
they can view relevant data and perform various actions based on their
role within the organization.

 Student Login
Upon successful login, users are directed to the home page, which serves
as their personal dashboard. This page displays essential information,
including the user's username, first name, last name, profile photo, email
address, and phone number. It provides a clear overview of the user's
profile, promoting a personalized experience.

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Additionally, users have the convenience of updating their first name,
last name, and profile photo directly from this page, as well as changing
their password. This feature enhances user engagement and allows for
easy management of personal information, ensuring that users can
keep their profiles up to date with minimal effort.

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Student details page

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 Admin login

After the admin logs in, they gain access to a comprehensive view of
student details. This interface allows the admin to perform CRUD
(Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations on student data
seamlessly. The organized layout facilitates easy management of
student records, ensuring that updates and modifications can be made
efficiently. This functionality not only streamlines administrative tasks
but also enhances overall data integrity within the application.

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The admin can also view staff details and class details.

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 Chapter 7 : Introduction to PyWebview
7.1 What is PyWebView?
PyWebView is a lightweight cross-platform library that allows developers
to create desktop applications with web technologies. It serves as a
bridge between Python applications and web-based user interfaces,
enabling the integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript in a native window.
This makes it possible to build modern user interfaces while leveraging
the extensive capabilities of Python for back-end processing.

7.2 Key Features of PyWebView

 Cross-Platform Support:
- PyWebView works on multiple operating systems, including Windows,
macOS, and Linux. This flexibility allows developers to write code once
and deploy it across various platforms without significant changes.

 Lightweight and Fast:

- The library is designed to be minimal and efficient, ensuring that
applications load quickly and run smoothly. It uses the native rendering
engine of the operating system, which enhances performance and
provides a seamless user experience.

 Integration with Python:

- PyWebView allows for direct communication between the front-end
(HTML/CSS/JavaScript) and the back-end (Python). This integration
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enables the execution of Python functions from JavaScript, making it easy
to handle data processing and other backend tasks without leaving the
web environment.

 Simple API:
- The library offers a straightforward API that simplifies the process of
creating and managing windows. Developers can easily open, close, and
control web views with minimal code, making it accessible even for those
with limited experience in desktop application development.

 Customizable User Interfaces:

- With PyWebView, developers can create highly customizable user
interfaces. They can use HTML and CSS to design layouts, apply styles,
and implement interactive elements, giving them full control over the
appearance of the application.

7.2 Use Cases for PyWebView

PyWebView is particularly useful for various types of applications,
including:
 Data Visualization Tools: It allows developers to create
interactive dashboards that display data in visually appealing
formats.
 Administrative Interfaces: Web-based admin panels can be built
to manage databases or other backend processes efficiently.

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  Rapid Prototyping: Developers can quickly create and test
application ideas without the overhead of building a full native
interface.

PyWebView is a powerful tool for developers looking to combine the

flexibility of web technologies with the robustness of Python. Its ease of
use, cross-platform capabilities, and seamless integration with Python
make it an excellent choice for building desktop applications that require
modern user interfaces. Whether for data visualization, administrative
tasks, or rapid prototyping, PyWebView provides the tools necessary to
create engaging and efficient desktop applications.

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 Chapter 8 : Introduction to My PyWebview
Project
8.1 Project Overview
The Python project utilizing PyWebview is a web-based application
designed to facilitate product management and streamline interactions
between users, retailers, and administrators. This application provides a
platform for users to view product details, sign up for accounts, and place
orders. Additionally, it allows administrators to monitor all activities and
enables retailers to easily restock products through CSV file uploads.

Key Features:
 User Registration and Login: Users can create accounts and log in to
access personalized features, enhancing their shopping experience.

 Product Details Display: The application showcases comprehensive

product details, including descriptions, prices, and availability,
allowing users to make informed purchasing decisions.

 Order Management: Users can place orders for products,

facilitating a smooth and efficient purchasing process.

 Admin Dashboard: Administrators have access to a dashboard

where they can view all user activity, manage product listings, and
monitor orders, ensuring effective oversight of the application.

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  Retailer Functionality: Retailers can upload product information
through CSV files to efficiently restock inventory, simplifying
inventory management.

 User-Friendly Interface: The application features an intuitive

design, making it accessible for users with varying levels of
technical expertise.

Technical Stack:
 Framework: PyWebview for creating the GUI
 Backend: Python for server-side logic
 Data Storage: SQLite (or another database) for managing user and
product data
 File Handling: CSV for bulk product uploads

Learning Outcomes:
This project enhances proficiency in Python programming and web
application development, particularly in utilizing GUI frameworks like
PyWebview. It also provides practical experience in database
management, user interface design, and handling user interactions in a
multi-role environment. Ultimately, this project demonstrates how to
create a functional application that meets the needs of various
stakeholders in a retail context.

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8.2 Working of the Project
In this project “JS API Bridge” of PyWebview is used for data transfer and
other necessary task for project.

JS API Bridge in PyWebview:

The JS API Bridge in PyWebview facilitates seamless communication
between the Python backend and the JavaScript frontend. This bridge
allows for the integration of JavaScript functions directly into the Python
environment, enabling developers to create dynamic and interactive
applications.

How the JS API Bridge Works:

1. Setup: When initializing a PyWebview window, you can expose Python
functions to JavaScript by registering them with the `window` object.

2. JavaScript Calls: JavaScript running in the webview can call these

exposed Python functions as if they were native JavaScript functions. This
is done using the `pywebview.api` object.

3. Data Exchange: Parameters can be passed from JavaScript to Python

and vice versa. This allows for a two-way interaction where data can be
sent to the backend for processing and results can be returned to the
frontend for user interface updates.

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4. Event Handling: The Bridge can handle events triggered from the
webview, enabling real-time updates and interaction based on user
actions.

Example Flow:

1. User Interaction: A user performs an action in the webview (e.g., clicks

a button).
2. JavaScript Function Call: This action triggers a JavaScript function that
calls an exposed Python function via the API Bridge.
3. Python Processing: The Python function processes the request (e.g.,
retrieves product data, updates inventory).
4. Return Data: The result is sent back to the JavaScript environment.
5. UI Update: The JavaScript code updates the UI based on the returned
data.

The JS API Bridge in PyWebview is a powerful tool that enhances the

interactivity of applications by allowing for direct communication
between the frontend and backend. This feature is essential for
developing rich, user-friendly applications that require real-time data
processing and updates.

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8.3 Step-by-Step Application Walkthrough
 Login Page

 Sign Up page

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  User login

The product page allows users to easily browse all available products.
Each item features clear images, descriptions, and pricing, making it
simple to find what they need. Intuitive navigation and filtering options
enhance the shopping experience, enabling users to make informed
purchasing decisions effortlessly.

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Orders Page

In this orders page, users can see details of their ordered products,
including names, quantities, prices, and order statuses. The user-
friendly layout allows for easy access to order history, enhancing the
overall shopping experience.
Cart page

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Product details page

Add to Cart

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  Admin Login
In the admin login section, administrators can manage orders, users,
products, and inventory data efficiently. This centralized interface
streamlines administrative tasks, ensuring smooth operations within
the platform.

Users Page

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Admins can perform CRUD operations on user data, allowing them to
create, read, update, and delete user records as needed.

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Product Page

Admins can perform CRUD operations on product data, enabling them

to create, read, update, and delete product listings easily.

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Inventory page
On the inventory page, admins can upload CSV files to update product
quantities in bulk, streamlining inventory management and ensuring
accurate stock levels.

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Order page
On the order page, admins can change order statuses and delete order
records from the database, ensuring efficient order management and
up-to-date tracking.

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 Conclusion
My internship at Om Tec Web was a transformative experience that
significantly enhanced my technical skills and provided valuable insights
into the professional environment. Working on real-world projects,
especially in Python and Django, helped me bridge the gap between
theory and practice. I became proficient in Django, gaining hands-on
experience with back-end functionalities and integrating front-end
technologies using PyWebView. Developing a student management
system reinforced my learning and improved my problem-solving
abilities. Regular communication with my supervisor and collaboration
with fellow interns fostered teamwork and accountability. Balancing
multiple tasks enhanced my time management and adaptability in a fast-
paced setting. This internship clarified my career path in web
development, inspiring me to contribute to open-source projects and
collaborate with other developers, ultimately shaping my career
aspirations.

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 References

 Internet
 You Tube : https://www.youtube.com/
 W3schools : https://www.w3schools.com/
 Django documentation:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/
 PyWebView documentation :
https://pywebview.flowrl.com/guide/
 Knowledge of the company's industry experts.

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