Introduction Gilbreth 1901 Scheduling techniques • 1980 Quality and productivity

for employees, machines Jobs in applications Japan: robotics, W.E.

• Global competition has caused
Henry L. Gantt manufacturing Deming & J.Juran CAD-CAM
fundamental changes in the
• 1915 Economic lot sizes for
competitive of mfg. industries.
inventory control F. W. Harris
• Firms must develop strategic
• 1927 Human relations; the Operation Management (OM)
objectives which, upon achievement,
Hawthorne studies Elton Mayo
result in a competitive advantage in • The administration of business
• 1931 Statistical Inference applied to
the marketplace. practices aimed at achieving the
product quality: quality control W.A.
• Mfg Industries, Increased highest level of efficiency within an
Shewart charts
productivity and better overall organization
• 1935 Statistical Sampling applied
efficiency of the production line are
to quality control: Inspection H.F. Keywords: Resources, Systems,
the most important goals.
Dodge & H.G. Roming sampling Transformation and Value Addition
• Innovation is a necessary process for
plans Activities.
the continuous changes to contribute
• 1940 Operations research
to the economic growth in the Operation - transformation of a range of
applications in WW II P.M. Blacker
manufacturing industry, especially to inputs into the required output (services)
& others
compete in the global market.
• 1946 Digital Computer John Management - combines and transforms
• as a mode for continued growth and
Mauchlly and J.P. Eckert various resources used in the operations
change. are many other vehicles for
• 1947 Linear Programming GB. subsystem of the organization into value
growth in the manufacturing
Dantzig, Williams & others added services in a controlled manner
industry.
Mathematical programming, on-
Historical Development linear and stochastic processes A. Resources - human, material and capital
Charnes, W.W. Cooper & others inputs to the production process.
• 1776 Specialization of labor in • 1951 Commercial digital
manufacturing Adam Smith Human - planning and controlling activities.
computer: large-scale computations
• 1799 Interchangeable parts, cost available Sperry Univac. Material Resources - are the physical
accounting Eli Whitney • 1960 Organizational behavior: facilities and materials (plant equipment,
• 1832 Division of labor by skill, continued study of people at work L. inventories and supplies)
assignment of by Skill, basics of Cummings, L. Porter
Charles Babbage time study Capital - stock, bonds, and taxes and
• 1970 Integrating operations into contributions is a vital asset. Store of value,
• 1900 Scientific management time overall strategy and policy
study and work study Developed, which is used to regulate the flow of other
Computer applications to scheduling, resources.
Frederick W. Taylor dividing and control, Material W. Skinner J.
planning and doing of work and Orlicky & G Wright Requirement
Motion of study of jobs Frank & Planning (MRP)
System Production Operation Management Inputs: Materials, Machines, Information,
Capital
arrangement of components designed to • The set of interrelated management
achieve objectives according to the plan. activities which are involved in Outputs: Products, Services
manufacturing certain products, is
System Design is a predetermined Transformation Process: Product Design,
called as production management.
arrangement of components. Process Planning, Production Control,
• If the same concept is extended to
Maintenance
Systems Control consist of all actions services management, then the
necessary to ensure that activities conform corresponding set of management Control: Inventory, Quality, Cost
to preconceived plans or goals. activities is called operations
management. (Kumar and Saresh Feedback - measurements taken at various
System Control – Elements 2019) points in the transformation process
Measurement by an accurate sensory Concept of Production Control - the comparison of feedback
device. against previously established standards to
Production function - transformation of a determine if corrective action is needed.
Feedback of information in a timely range of inputs into the required outputs
manner. (products) Classification of Production System
Comparison with standards such as time Production - step-by-step conversion of one 1. Job-shop Production is
and costs standards. form of material into another form characterized by:
• High variety of products and low
Corrective actions by someone with the Production as 'a process by which goods and volume
authority and ability to correct. services are created. (Edwood Bults) • Use of general-purpose machines
Customer Service and facilities
Examples of Production
• Highly skilled operators who can
providing support and assistance to manufacturing custom-made products like take up each job as a challenge
customers before, during, and after they boilers with a specific capacity because of uniqueness.
purchase a product or service. • Large inventory of materials tools,
constructing flats some structural fabrication
a key objective of operations management parts
works for selected customers etc. and
• Detailed Planning is essential for
Resource Utilization manufacturing standardized products like sequencing the requirements of each
key metric in project management that car. bus, television, etc. product, capacities for each.
measures how effectively an organization's Production System - is that part of an
resources such as human resources, 2. Batch Production - form of
organization, which produces products of an manufacturing in which the job pass
equipment, and time are being used to organization.
achieve its objectives. through the functional departments
 in lots or batches and each lot may Operation System - An operation was Rapid product development – rapid
have a different routing. defined in terms of the mission it serves for international communication of news,
the organization, technology it employs and entertainment and lifestyles chopping away
APICS American Production and Inventory
the human and managerial processes it the life span of the products
Society.
involves.
Mass customization - products are
3. Mass Production - Manufacture of
Manufacturing Operations is a conversion customized based on cultural differences,
discrete parts or assembling using a
process that includes manufacturing yields a innovation options places pressures on firms
continuous process. This production
tangible output: a product, whereas, a to respond
system is justified by very large
conversion process that includes service
volume of production. Empowered employees - required more
yields an intangible output: a deed, a
competence at the workplace
performance, an effort.
4. Continuous Production -
Environmentally sensitive production –
production facilities are arranged as Responsibilities of Operations Managers:
concerned about environmentally friendly
per the sequence of production
Evaluating, designing, and implementing products and services
operations from the first operations
business processes.
to the finished product. Ethics - continuing challenge to enhance
Managing logistical processes and supply ethical behavior
chains.
Ethical issues arise in many aspects of
Production Management - deals with
Overseeing production, distribution, and operations management:
decision-making related to production
quality assurance.
processes so that the resulting goods or Financial statements The community
services are produced according to Making strategic decisions and engaging
Specifications, in the amount and by the Worker safety Hiring and firing workers
with senior staff on business strategy.
schedule demanded and out of minimum Product safety Closing facilities
costs. Supporting HR with recruitment initiatives.
Quality Workers’ rights
Objectives of Production Management Building relationships with stakeholders and
suppliers. The environment
Right Quality: The quality of product is
established based upon the customers need. New Trends in Operation Mgt.

Right Quantity: the manufacturing Global Focus - decline in communication

organization should produce the products in and transportation costs, resources become
right number. global – capital, materials, talent, labor

Right Time: Timeliness of delivery is one Just-in-time Performance - inventories

of the important parameters to judge the (from raw materials, goods in process and
effectiveness of the production department. finished goods)