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 THE RISE OF
NATIONALISM IN
EUROPE
The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations, a
print prepared
by Frédéric Sorrieu, (In the year - 1848).
 The image of the French Bastille being
stormed by the revolutionary crowd has
been placed next to a similar fortress meant
to represent the bastion of despotic rule in
the German province of Kassel.

Accompanying the illustration is the slogan:

‘The people must seize their freedom!’
Rebmann lived in the city of Mainz and was
a member of a German Jacobin group.

The cover of a German almanac designed by the journalist Andreas Rebmann in 1798
The Planting of the Tree of Liberty in Zweibrücken, Germany
The courier of Rhineland loses all that
he has on his way home from Leipzig.

Napoleon here is represented as a

postman on his way back to France after
he lost the battle of Leipzig in 1813.

Each letter dropping out of his bag bears

the names of the territories he lost.
 The Club of Thinkers, anonymous caricature
dating to 1820.

The plaque on the left bears the inscription:

‘The most important question of today’s meeting:
How long will thinking be allowed to us?’

The board on the right lists the rules of the Club

which include the following:
‘1. Silence is the first commandment of this learned
society.
2. To avoid the eventuality whereby a member of this
club may succumb to the temptation of
speech, muzzles will be distributed to members upon
entering.’
 Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of
.
Young Europe
in Berne 1833.

Print by Giacomo Mantegazza

 The Massacre at Chios, Eugene Delacroix,
1824.
The French painter Delacroix was one of the
most important French Romantic painters.
This huge painting (4.19m x 3.54m) depicts
an incident in which 20,000 Greeks were
said to have been killed by Turks on the
island of Chios.
By dramatising the incident, focusing on the
suffering of women and children, and using
vivid colours, Delacroix sought to appeal to
the emotions of the spectators, and create
sympathy for the Greeks.
 Peasants’ uprising, 1848.

The Frankfurt parliament in the

Church of St Paul.
The proclamation of the German empire in
the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, Anton von
Werner.

At the centre stands the Kaiser and the chief

commander of the Prussian army, General von
Roon, near them is Bismarck.

This monumental work (2.7m x 2.7m) was

completed and presented by the artist to
Bismarck on the latter’s 70th birthday in 1885.
Caricature of Otto von Bismarck in Garibaldi helping King Victor Emmanuel II
The German Reichstag (parliament), of Sardinia-Piedmont to pull on
The boot named ‘Italy’.
from Figaro, Vienna, 5 March 1870.
English caricature of 1859.
 Postage stamps of 1850
with the figure of Marianne representing the Republic of France.

Germania, Philip Veit, 1848.

The artist prepared this painting of Germania on a cotton
banner, as it was meant to hang from the ceiling of the
Church of St Paul where the Frankfurt
parliament was convened in March 1848.
 Germania guarding the Rhine.

In 1860, the artist Lorenz Clasen was commissioned to

paint this image. The inscription on Germania’s sword reads:
‘The German sword protects the German Rhine.’

The fallen Germania, by Julius Hübner, 1850.

A map celebrating the British Empire

A map celebrating the British Empire

 THE RISE OF
NATIONALISM IN
INDIA
Indian workers in South Africa march
through Volksrust, 6 November 1913.

General Dyer’s ‘crawling orders’ being

Mahatma Gandhi was leading the
administered by British soldiers,
workers from Newcastle to Transvaal.
Amritsar, Punjab, 1919.
 The boycott of foreign
cloth, July 1922.

Chauri Chaura, 1922.

At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful
demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent
clash with the police. Hearing of the incident,
Mahatma Gandhi called a halt to the NCM
 Meeting of Congress leaders at Allahabad, 1931.
Apart from Mahatma Gandhi, you can see Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel (extreme left), Jawaharlal Nehru (extreme right) and Subhas
Chandra Bose (fifth from right).
 The Dandi march.
During the salt march
Mahatma Gandhi was
accompanied by 78 volunteers.

Police cracked down on

satyagrahis, 1930
 Women join
nationalist processions.

During the national

movement, many women,
for the first time in their
lives, moved out of their
homes on to a public arena.
Amongst the marchers you
can see many old women,
and mothers with children
in their arms.
 Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal
Nehru and Maulana Azad at
Sevagram Ashram, Wardha, 1935.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an early 20th print. Notice how

Tilak is surrounded by symbols of unity.
The sacred institutions of different faiths (temple,
church, masjid) frame the central figure
 Bharat Mata, Abanindranath Tagore, 1905.
Notice that the mother figure here is shown as
dispensing learning, food and clothing. The mala in
one hand emphasises her ascetic quality.

This figure of Bharat Mata is a contrast to the one

painted by Abanindranath Tagore.
Here she is shown with a trishul, standing beside a lion
and an elephant – both symbols of power and authority.
 Jawaharlal Nehru, a popular print.
Nehru is here shown holding the image of
Bharat Mata and the map of India close to his
heart.
THE MAKING OF THE
GLOBAL WORLD
 Image of a ship on a memorial stone,
Goa Museum, tenth century.

Silk route trade as depicted in a

Chinese cave painting, eighth century,
Cave 217, Mogao Grottoes, Gansu, China.
Merchants from Venice and the Orient
exchanging goods, from Marco Polo,
Book of Marvels, fifteenth century.

The Irish Potato Famine, Illustrated

London News, 1849
Hungry children digging for potatoes in a
field that has already been harvested,
hoping to discover some leftovers.
POWER
SHARING
 The cartoon at the left refers to the
problems of running the Germany’s grand
coalition government that includes the two major
parties of the country, namely the Christian
Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party.

In 2005, some new laws were made in

Russia giving more powers to its president.
During the same time, the US president
visited Russia.
FEDERALISM
 The States Plead for
More Powers

Perils of Running a
Coalition Government