N-466 REV.

H ENGLISH APR / 2007

SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

DESIGN

Procedure
This Standard replaces and cancels its previous revision.
The CONTEC - Authoring Subcommittee provides guidance on the
interpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. The
Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is responsible for adopting
and applying the clauses thereof.
Technical Requirement: a provision established as the most adequate and
which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision is
taken not to follow the requirement (“non-conformity” to this Standard) it shall be
CONTEC based on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approved
Comissão de Normalização and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is
Técnica characterized by the verb forms “shall,” “it is necessary...,” “is required to...,” “it is
required that...,” “is to...,” “has to...,” “only ... is permitted,” and other equivalent
expressions having an imperative nature.
Recommended Practice: a provision that may be adopted under the conditions
of this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility of
there being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to the
particular application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registered
by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized
by the verbal form “should” and equivalent expressions such as “it is
recommended that...” and “ought to...” (verbs of a nonmandatory nature). It is
indicated by the expression: [Recommended Practice].
Copies of the registered “non-conformities” to this Standard that may contribute
to the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the CONTEC - Authoring
SC - 02 Subcommittee.
Tanks and Vessels Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the CONTEC -
Authoring Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revision
of the Standard, the clause(s) to be revised, the proposed text, and
technical/economic justification for revision. The proposals are evaluated during
the work for alteration of this Standard.
“The present Standard is the exclusive property of PETRÓLEO
BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS, for internal use in the Company,
and any reproduction for external use or disclosure, without
previous and express authorization from the owner, will imply an
unlawful act pursuant to the relevant legislation through which the
applicable responsibilities shall be imputed. External circulation
shall be regulated by a specific clause of Secrecy and
Confidentiality pursuant to the terms of intellectual and industrial
property law.”

Foreword
PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared by Working Groups - WG
(consisting of specialists from PETROBRAS and its Subsidiaries), are commented by PETROBRAS
Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries, are approved by the Authoring Subcommittees - SCs
(consisting of specialists from the same specialty, representing the various PETROBRAS Units and
PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), and ratified by the Executive Nucleus (consisting of representatives of
the PETROBRAS Units and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries). A PETROBRAS Technical Standard is
subject to revision at any time by its Authoring Subcommittee and shall be reviewed every 5 years to
be revalidated, revised or cancelled. PETROBRAS Technical Standards are prepared in accordance
with PETROBRAS N-1 standard. For complete information about PETROBRAS Technical Standards
see PETROBRAS Technical Standards Catalog.

PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 17 pages, Index of Revisions and WG

 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

FOREWORD

This PETROBRAS N-466 Standard REV. H APR/2007 is a Revision of PETROBRAS N-466

standard REV. H MAR/2007.

1 OBJECTIVE

1.1 This Standard establishes the requirements for the design of shell-and-tube heat
exchangers. This Standard complements PETROBRAS N-253 standard.

1.2 For the purposes of this Standard the designation “shell-and-tube heat exchanger”
covers heat exchangers in general, as well as heaters, coolers, reboilers, and other shell-
and-tube heat exchanging equipment.

1.3 This Standard is applied to heat exchangers designed as of its date of issuance.

1.4 This Standard contains Technical Requirements and Recommended Practices.

2 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS

The documents listed below are mentioned in the text and contain valid provisions for the
present Standard.

Note: The editions indicated were in force at the time of issuance of this Standard. Since
all documents are subject to revisions, those who make agreements based on this
Standard should check whether or not it is convenient to use the most recent
editions of the mentioned documents. [Recommended Practice]

PETROBRAS N-133 - Welding;

PETROBRAS N-253 - Pressure Vessel Design;
PETROBRAS N-266 - Presentation os Pressure Vessel Design;
PETROBRAS N-1674 - Layout Design for Petroleum Refinery;
PETROBRAS N-2159 - Acessório de Trocador de Calor;
ABNT NBR 6405 - Rugosidade das Superfícies;
API STD 660 - Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for General Refinery
Services;
ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (NPS 1/2 Through
NPS 24);
ASME B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges (NPS 26 Through
NPS 60);
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section V - Nondestructive Examination;
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section VIII Division 1;
ASME Section IIA SA - 450 / SA - 450 M - Specification for General Requirements
for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes;
BSI BS 5500 - Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels;
TEMA - Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers
Association.

2
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

3 GENERAL CONDITIONS

3.1 Technical Requirements for Presentation of Proposals and Design

The technical requirements for presentation of proposals and design of heat exchangers
shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS N-266 standard.

3.2 Designer’s Responsibility

3.2.1 The designer’s responsibilities are set out in PETROBRAS N-253 standard.

3.2.2 In those cases where PETROBRAS provides Data Sheets, basic drawings showing
the arrangement and general dimensions, technical specifications or other specific
documents for the heat exchanger, the mechanical and thermal designs shall fully comply
with those documents, which shall prevail over this Standard. Any discrepancies or
alternatives suggested will only be accepted after expressly approved by PETROBRAS.

3.3 Types of Heat Exchangers

3.3.1 Except as otherwise expressly specified by PETROBRAS, all shell-and-tube heat

exchangers shall be in accordance with one of the standard types indicated in the TEMA
standard.

3.3.2 For any heat exchanger that does not precisely correspond to any of the standard
types referred to above, a description and drawings giving complete details shall be
prepared.

3.3.3 It is not permitted to use TEMA F type shells (with 2 passes on the shell) in those
cases where:

a) the temperature variation on the shell side is greater than 190 ºC;
b) the pressure drop on the shell side is greater than 49 kPa (0.5 kgf/cm2).

Note: In those cases where the F type shell is allowed to be used, the designer shall
provide and submit to PETROBRAS for approval:

a) an analysis of the thermal and physical leakage across the longitudinal baffle;
b) an analysis of the possibility of distortion on the equipment due to the resulting
thermal stresses.

3.4 Mechanical Design

The mechanical design of heat exchangers shall be prepared in compliance with

PETROBRAS N-253 standard, the ASME code, as well as class R of the TEMA standard,
where applicable, and the design may also be prepared in accordance with classes B/C of
the TEMA standard, only where expressly specified or accepted by PETROBRAS.

3
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

4 DESIGN CRITERIA

4.1 Pressure

4.1.1 The design pressure shall be determined in accordance with the TEMA standard.

4.1.2 Except as expressly accepted by PETROBRAS, no part of the heat exchanger shall be
designed for differential pressure.

4.1.2.1 When the heat exchanger is designed for differential pressure, provision shall be
made for a safety system (PSV or rupture disk) ensuring this design condition for
components subject to pressure both on the shell side and tube side at the same time.

4.1.2.2 A warning plate shall be used in heat exchangers designed for differential pressure.
The design indication for differential pressure shall also appear on the nameplate of the heat
exchanger, as per PETROBRAS N-2159 standard.

4.2 Temperature

4.2.1 The design temperature shall be determined in accordance with the TEMA standard.

4.2.2 The temperature for determining the allowable stress on bolts, stud bolts, nuts, and
gaskets shall be the same as that of the respective flange. For flanges used for connecting
the channel to the shell (or the channel to the tubesheet and shell) the temperature for
determining the allowable stress shall be the highest temperature between the shell flange
and the channel flange.

4.2.3 For heat exchangers with more than one shell in series, different design temperatures
shall be established for each shell, according to the operating temperatures of each one.
This criterion need not be observed when the temperature differences between the various
shells do not result in different materials, in different allowable stresses, or in the use of an
expansion joint.

4.3 Other Criteria

4.3.1 In the mechanical design of heat exchangers with more than one shell directly
connected to each other, the additional stresses due to the weights or those resulting from
differential expansion shall always be taken into account in the various components,
especially supports and nozzles.

4.3.2 Heat exchangers that are identical or of the same type shall contain the largest
possible number of exchangeable parts. In particular, the tube bundle and test ring shall be
exchangeable with other equipment whenever this is economically feasible.

4
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

5 MATERIALS

5.1 For all parts in contact with both fluids (e.g.: tubes, tubesheets, and floating head)
material selection shall be based on the corrosiveness of the fluids and on the toughness of
the materials (need for impact testing).

5.2 Tube materials shall be compatible with tubesheet materials, so as to avoid the formation
of a galvanic couple.

5.3 Bimetallic tubes may only be used when expressly authorized by PETROBRAS.

5.4 For shell fluids that are electrical conductors, the material of baffles, tie-rods, and
spacers of the tube bundle shall be compatible with the material of the tubes, so as to avoid
the formation of a galvanic couple. These parts may be made of structural quality materials,
provided they are resistant to corrosion of the shell fluid.

5.5 For services in which the flange of the nozzle on the tube side is classified as of a
pressure class equal to or higher than 600, seamless tube for heat exchange (e.g.: in
ASTM A 179 carbon steel) shall be used.

5.6 It is obligatory to use seamless tube when the tube-to-tubesheet connection is by

resistance welding, as per ASME code Section VIII - Division 1, UHX-15.

5.6.1 In this case, tubes shall be subjected to hydrostatic testing by the tube manufacturer,
as per ASME code Section II/A SA - 450 / SA - 450M.

5.6.2 The hydrostatic test pressure of the tubes shall be the highest of the following values:

a) hydrostatic test pressure specified in ASME code Section IIA, SA - 450/SA -

450M;
b) hydrostatic test pressure specified in ASME code Section VIII, Divisions 1 or 2
(according to the design).

Note: In any of the cases shown in paragraphs a) or b), the stress at the tube wall,
determined by ASME code Section IIA, SA - 450/SA - 450M, shall not exceed 80%
of the yield strength of the tube material.

5.7 Welded carbon steel tubes (ASTM specification A 214), when used for corrosive
services or for temperatures above 200 °C shall be subjected, as an additional requirement,
to the following tests:

a) test for checking the susceptibility to localized corrosion of welded tubes;

b) hydrostatic test (ASTM A-450) or eddy current test (ASTM E-309).

5
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

5.8 Non-metallic anticorrosive coating may only be placed inside the shell in exceptional
circumstances, when expressly authorized by PETROBRAS.

5.9 Tubesheets shall only be provided with anticorrosive coating (including clad-plate
construction) on the tube side, i.e., on the side where the tube ends are expanded or welded.
Anticorrosive coating on the tubesheet, on the shell side, is only allowed when expressly
authorized by PETROBRAS.

5.10 For tubesheets with anticorrosive metal coatings, only the clad plate construction (in
accordance with specifications ASTM A 263, A 264 or A 265) is allowed without prior
approval by PETROBRAS. Any other type of coating shall be subject to express approval by
PETROBRAS in each case.

5.11 No corrosion allowance shall be added to heat exchanger tubes made of any material.

5.12 Corrosion allowances may not be less than the minimum values required by the TEMA
standard.

5.13 The specified corrosion allowance shall be added to the female faces (male and female
flanges) and to grooves (tongue and groove flanges).

5.14 Internal bolts, stud bolts, and nuts (e.g. for floating head) shall be made of material
assuredly resistant to corrosion caused by the shell side fluid. If stress corrosion is possible
in carbon steel bolts, hardness control with heat treatment, if necessary, shall be specified.

5.15 Welding consumables shall be in conformity with PETROBRAS N-133 standard.

Consumables shall be qualified according to the certification system of FBTS (Fundação
Brasileira de Tecnologia de Soldagem), the Brazilian Welding Technology Foundation.

6 SHELL AND CHANNEL

6.1 Shell welds shall be ground on the inside to facilitate the removal of the tube bundle.

6.2 When there is a difference in thickness between shell plates or between the shell and
the cover, the plates shall be aligned by the inside surface.

6.3 For heat exchangers with a coated channel, the channel cover shall also be coated. The
anticorrosive coating shall extend all the way around the insertion slots of the pass partitions
and the entire seating area of the gasket.

6.4 Whenever there is anticorrosive lining in the shell or the tube bundle weighs more than
29.5 kN (3,000 kgf), it is necessary to place slide bars in the tube bundle and tracks in the
shell to allow the removal of the tube bundle without damaging the coating. These bars and
tracks shall be made of material resistant to corrosion caused by the shell fluid.

6
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

7 GIRTH FLANGES

Girth flanges are considered to be flanges of the channel, shell, shell cover and floating head
cover that do not belong to nozzles.

7.1 Types of Girth Flanges

Girth flanges shall be selected among the types mentioned in items 7.1.1 to 7.1.3.

7.1.1 Welding Neck Flange

The forged steel welding neck flange may be used for any rating and diameter.

7.1.2 Slip-on Flange

The forged steel slip-on flange may be used for ratings 150 and 300 and any standard
diameter, but limited to 400 °C. Slip-on flanges shall not be used when the corrosion
allowance is greater than 3 mm.

7.1.3 Ring-Type Flange

Forged steel ring-type flanges, hot-rolled, seamless, or those made of plate or rolled bar shall
be selected according to the design pressure in accordance with items 7.1.3.1 and 7.1.3.2.

7.1.3.1 For a design pressure up to and including 2 000 kPa (290 psi), regardless of the
fabrication, ring-type flanges shall comply with one of the Figures 2-4 (7), (8), (8a), (9), (9a),
(10), (10a) or (11) of ASME code, Section VIII, Division 1, provided the corrosion allowance
is less than 3 mm.

7.1.3.2 For design pressures over 2 000 kPa (290 psi), regardless of the fabrication, ring-
type flanges shall comply with one of Figures 2-4 (7) or (11) of ASME code, Section VIII,
Division 1, and welds connecting flanges to the shell shall obligatorily be 100% inspected by
ultrasonic testing.

7.2 Flange Calculations

7.2.1 Forged steel flanges having all their dimensions (including hole circle, number, and
diameter of bolts) exactly in accordance with ASME B.16.5 or ASME B16.47 standards are
accepted for working pressures and temperatures up to the limits established in this Standard,
without the need for special calculations.

7.2.2 Flanges of any other dimensions or construction systems shall obligatorily be

calculated in accordance with ASME code, Section VIII, Division 1, and calculations shall be
available at all times to PETROBRAS for examination, whenever so requested.

7
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

7.3 Fabrication

7.3.1 Welding neck flange obtained by machining a forged ring is only allowed in exceptional
cases and when accepted by PETROBRAS. In this case, a tensile test in the 3 directions
shall be performed.

7.3.2 Ring-type flanges made of bar or plate of any rating shall be obtained from rolled or
forged rings, having not more than 2 fully radiographed butt welds. These flanges shall be
heat treated as required in ASME code Section VIII, Division 1, and the surfaces of the
original plate shall be parallel to the axis of the finished flange. These flanges are only
allowed if accepted by PETROBRAS.

7.4 Types of Facing and Joints

7.4.1 The types of joints for girth flanges shall be selected according to TABLE A-1.

Note: For girth flanges the joints shall be of the standard confined joint construction type,
unless where otherwise specified.

7.4.2 In the design of the pair of flanges used to contain the tubesheet both joints are
compressed by the same stud. In this case, identical joints suitable for both conditions shall
be used.

7.5 Flange Bolts and Holes

The minimum diameter of flange bolts shall be 3/4”. All threads shall be according to ASME
Specification B1.1 class 2A, except where otherwise specified. Bolt holes are class 2B and
shall be drilled and the seating surfaces of nuts in flanges shall be machined to a minimum
finish having an average roughness of not more than 0.003 mm (0.000125 in). Flange holes
shall be symmetric in relation to design directions N-S or E-W or to the vertical direction.

8 FLOATING HEAD COVER FLANGE

The flange of the floating head cover shall be preferably in accordance with Figure 1-6 (d) of
ASME code Section VIII, Division 1.

9 TUBESHEETS

9.1 Tubesheets shall be of forged construction or made of plate, with forged construction
being adopted whenever possible. If the tubesheet is made of welded plates, the weld shall
be fully radiographed or ultrasonically inspected.

9.2 Tubesheets welded to the shell (or to the channel) shall conform to one of the following
figures in ASME code Section VIII, Division 1: UW-13.2 (i), UW-13.2 (j), UW-13.2 (k) and
UW-13.3 (all types). Tubesheets with welds as shown in figures UW-13.2 (h) and UW-13.2
(l) are not acceptable. Tubesheets in accordance with any of the types shown in Figures
UW-13.3 shall in all cases be of forged construction, regardless of the diameter and material
used.

8
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

9.3 When used, the attachment cube for the fixed tubesheet shall have dimensions as
indicated in FIGURE A-1.

9.4 As a general rule, tubes shall be expanded into the holes of the tubesheets. Tube ends
shall extend 3 mm beyond the surface of the tubesheet, except in the case of vertical heat
exchangers where the tube ends shall face the surface of the top tubesheet. There shall be
at least 2 expansion slots, on the base metal in each hole of the tubesheet,
approximately 3 mm wide and 0.4 mm deep. In the case of a cladded tubesheet, it shall have
1 more expansion slot made in the clad.

9.5 For tube-to-tubesheet connection by expansion, the metallic coating shall be at

least 9 mm thick so as to fully contain the third expansion slot of the tubes. The minimum
distance between the edge of the slot and the outer face of the coating shall be 3 mm.

9.6 Broaching shall not be used in the following cases:

a) service rating equal to or higher than 600;

b) service with lethal fluid, on only one of the sides (shell side or tube side), with
an operating pressure higher than the operating pressure of the other fluid;
c) service with inadmissible leakage (e.g.: H2 and H2S), on only one of the sides
(shell side or tube side), with an operating pressure higher than the operating
pressure of the other fluid (service).

9.7 The tube-to-tubesheet connection shall be by total resistance welding as per ASME
Code Section VIII, Division 1, item UW-20 (a) (1), in the cases mentioned in item 9.6. In
these cases, another type of tube-to-tubesheet connection shall only be permitted when
explicitly authorized by PETROBRAS. Whenever resistance welding is used, the tube shall
be slightly expanded into the hole (thickness reduction of approximately 5 %).

9.8 For tubesheets with anticorrosive metallic coatings, the anticorrosive coating shall
extend all the way around the insertion slots of pass partitions and the entire seating area of
the gasket.

9.9 If the tube-to-clad connection is obtained by a resistance weld, the minimum thickness of
the clad shall be 3 mm.

9.10 The minimum distance between the edge of the tube holes and the groove for the
peripheral gasket shall be 1.5 mm in the case of tubes expanded into the tubesheet, and 3 mm
for tubes welded to the tubesheet.

10 TUBE BUNDLE

10.1 The maximum acceptable weight for the tube bundle is 147.1 kN (15 000 kgf). Weights
exceeding this value shall be approved by PETROBRAS, in which case the manufacturer
shall supply the exchanger with a specific device to allow removal and assembly of the tube
bundle. For stacked heat exchangers and maintenance facilities see PETROBRAS N-1674
standard.

9
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

10.2 The thickness of tube bundle baffles shall not be less than twice the corrosion
allowance adopted for the shell. Wherever necessary, transverse baffles shall be slotted to
allow complete drainage of the shell.

10.3 Tubesheets with “U” Tube Bundle

10.3.1 The minimum value shall be observed for the mean radius of curvature of the tubes
corresponding to 1.5 times the nominal outside diameter.

10.3.2 “U” tubes shall be preferably of the integral type. Circumferential splices, when
previously approved by PETROBRAS, will be allowed, observing a minimum distance of
500 mm in relation to the beginning of the curvature, or a greater distance, considering the
device used for tube bending so as not to impose stress on the welded region.

10.3.3 Based on the tube material, the manufacturer shall assess the need for residual
stress relief heat treatment or for restoring the mechanical and/or microstructural properties
after the pipe bending operation.

10.4 Equipment with type A or B front-end head shall be fitted with a special test ring
(companion flange) to permit pressurization of the shell, for testing, with the tubesheet in
place and the head removed. Alternatively, the outside diameter of the tubesheet may be the
same as that of the shell flanges.

10.5 The tube bundle of vertical heat exchangers shall be removable from the top.

11 FLOATING HEAD COVER

11.1 The floating head cover shall have one of the configurations shown in the figure of the
TEMA RCB 5.141 standard, types A, B, and D.

11.1.1 Since joints shall be of the “confined” type, there shall obligatorily be a projection
(indicated as optional in the figure of the TEMA RCB 5.141 standard) and its length shall be
5 mm.

11.1.2 A more accurate calculation method may be used for the flange of the floating
assembly, in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Paragraph 1-6 (h), provided the
rigidity of the flange is maintained.

11.2 To increase the rigidity of the assembly, split rings shall be coupled by means of ring
segments (attachment plates) at least 25 mm thick and attached by at least 4 bolts, in
accordance with FIGURE A-2.

11.3 Bolts of the floating head cover shall be easily accessible with the shell cover removed.

10
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

12 EXPANSION JOINT

12.1 General

12.1.1 The expansion joint shall only be used when specified or authorized by
PETROBRAS, its adoption being forbidden in the following cases:

a) lethal service;
b) heat exchanger operating on 1 side (shell or tubes) with hydrocarbons in the
gas phase at a pressure higher than that of the fluid on the other side;
c) external expansion joint (shell side) in the case of hydrocarbons in the liquid
phase at a temperature higher than the flash point.

12.1.2 The supplier shall take into account not only the specified external movements to be
absorbed by the expansion joint, but also those resulting from the geometry of the joint itself.
Possible interferences between the internal sleeve of the joint and the body due to rotating
movements shall be checked by the supplier.

12.1.3 All joints shall be designed for at least 5 000 coinciding design pressure and
temperature cycles.

12.1.4 The expansion joint shall have an internal sleeve welded to the end upstream from
the flow so as to minimize deposits and erosion on the bellows.

12.1.5 The expansion joint may be pre-stressed at the time of assembly so as to minimize
stresses on the joint when the heat exchanger starts operating. Design displacements shall
be based on the temperature of the hottest fluid. Pre-stressing shall be carried out at the
supplier’s works before transportation.

12.1.6 All welds in the body of the joint shall be butt-welded joints. The inspection shall be
100 % radiographic (X-rays or gamma rays) and 100 % magnetic particle or liquid penetrant,
including welds joining the bellows to the body.

12.1.7 All welds of the bellows shall be 100 % inspected by liquid penetrant and 100 %
radiographed, before the pipe conformation to form the bellows, and 100 % inspected by
liquid penetrant after conformation.

12.1.8 During the hydrostatic test, special care shall be taken for holding the expansion joint
in place so as to avoid excessive overload on the joint, which is not specified in the design.

12.2 External Expansion Joint

12.2.1 In cases accepted for use of an external expansion joint, a removable external
protection box shall be provided for holding the fluid in the case of leakage, with a warning
signal in the control room. Provision shall also be made for drainage space. This external
bulkhead shall not be thermally insulated, and shall also be used in the transportation of the
joint, so as to protect the bellows.

11
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

12.2.2 Provision is to be made for a system of additional support for the equipment, or the
joint shall be positioned so that it is not subject to additional loads other than those due to
pressure, deadweight and displacements due to expansion to be absorbed.

12.3 Internal Expansion Joint

12.3.1 When an expansion joint is required for heat exchangers with a single pass in the
tubes, it shall be located internally between the floating head cover and the shell cover (see
FIGURE A-3).

12.3.2 The internal expansion joint shall be designed for the total internal and external
pressure values, applied independently.

13 NOZZLES

Nozzles shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS N-253 standard and the TEMA standard.

14 OTHER DETAILS

14.1 Jack screws shall be placed at all connections with girth flanges.

14.2 Lifting lugs shall be placed on the channel, channel cover, shell cover, and floating
head, in accordance with PETROBRAS N-2159 standard. Wherever thermal insulation is
used, the lugs shall be long enough to avoid interference with the insulation. Lugs shall be
placed in such a position that the respective parts can be hoisted plumb vertical.

14.3 Provision shall also be made for threaded holes on the tubesheets of tube bundles, to
allow insertion of eyebolts for removal of the bundle. On tubesheets with anticorrosive
coating, these holes shall be located on the periphery outside the coating.

14.4 Except in special cases subject to prior approval by PETROBRAS, connections with
stud bolts are not allowed in the shell, channel or tubesheets.

14.5 All external bolts shall have a surplus threaded length. When tensioners are used for
tightening studs, the surplus threaded length shall be at least equal to the thickness of the
nut to allow the tensioning device to be coupled.

15 SUPPORTS

Supports shall be in accordance with PETROBRAS N-2159 standard.

12
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

16 NAMEPLATE

All heat exchangers shall be fitted with a nameplate in accordance with PETROBRAS
N-2159 standard.

17 LEAK TEST

Before the hydrostatic test, a leak test with gaseous fluid shall be performed at a pressure
not exceeding the design pressure. The testing methodology and acceptance criteria shall be
agreed upon between PETROBRAS and the equipment supplier using ASME code
Section V as a basis.

_____________

/ANNEX A

13
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH APR / 2007

ANNEX A - FIGURES AND TABLE

TABLE A-1 - TYPE OF GASKETS FOR GIRTH FLANGES

Type of Gasket Material Scheme

Aluminum
Copper or Brass
Double Jacketed Graphite Carbon Steel
1)
Filled Gasket Monel®
4-6 % Chromium
Stainless Steel
Aluminum
Copper or Brass
Solid Metal
Carbon Steel
(Flat or Grooved)
Monel® or 4-6% Chromium
Stainless Steel

Notes: 1) TABLE A-1 is in agreement with ASME code Section VIII, Division 1.
2) Except as otherwise specified, gaskets for all girth flanges of heat exchangers
shall be selected as follows:

a) for ratings from 150 up to and including 300, with a design temperature
between 0 °C and 250 °C: double jacketed carbon steel, flexible graphite
filled gasket for flanges with male/female type facing;
b) for ratings from 150 up to and including 300, with a design temperature
below 15 °C or above 250 °C, or ratings 400 and 600 for any design
temperature: double jacketed austenitic stainless steel or flexible graphite
filled gasket for flanges with male/female facing”;
c) for ratings 600 operating gas or vapor or ratings 900 or higher for any design
temperature: solid metal gasket for flanges with tongue and groove facing or
tongue and groove with nubbin; in this case the gasket material shall not
form a galvanic couple with the flange and its hardness shall be 30 Brinell
less than the hardness of the flange facing, the following maximum hardness
values being indicated according to the gasket material:
- gasket material: carbon steel - maximum hardness: 90 HB;
- gasket material: stainless steel 1 @ 5 % Cr - maximum hardness:130 HB;
- gasket material: stainless steel 304 or 316 - maximum hardness: 130 HB;
- gasket material: stainless steel 304L or 316L - maximum hardness: 110 HB;
d) in any type of specified gasket the nature of the fluid in contact with it shall
be taken into account when the material is specified.
3) The gasket factor (m) and the seating stress of gaskets may be found in
Appendix 2 of ASME code Section VIII Division I.

1)
MONEL® (metal monel): This material is property of “International Nickel Corp.”. This information is provided to
facilitate use of this Standard by users and shall not be construed as a recommendation of the aforementioned
product by PETROBRAS. An equivalent product may be used provided it leads to the same results.

14
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH MAR / 2007

REVISION INDEX

REV. A, B, C, D, E, F, and G
There is no revision index

REV. H
Affected Parts Description of Modification
All Revised

_____________

IR 1/1
 N-466 REV. H ENGLISH MAR / 2007

WORKING GROUP - GT-02-04

Members
Phone
Name Department Switch
Number
Ademaro Marchiori CENPES/EB/EEQ 812-6249 BR47
Diomedes Cesario da Silva CENPES/EB/EEQ 812-6214 BR23
Ediberto Bastos Tinoco CENPES/EB/EEQ 812-6316 EDY4
Jose Luiz Cauduro Lowenberg AB-RE/ES/TEE 814-5965 ARW1
Pedro Moacyr Chagas Brandão CENPES/EB/EEQ 812-6242 BR19
Ricardo Zorron Cavalcanti ENGENHARIA/IEABAST/EAB/SE 816-5827 SG6M
Technical Secretary
Sergio Augusto de Melo ENGENHARIA/SL/NORTEC 819-3098 ELZR

_____________