FAGE NO.

CGAN :> GPS Hdes Geo Augmefed nla vjDATE

ndisn=
SNAS Sat Nav Augmendeticm Systhan

5 China
wide PAAupmtaatur ystt
AA S-

alau arehy Seahen-

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ECNo S 5
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MALliikLaLLinaalAat Hspnmersta tio
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had Egpi Asuind VHE Cm GfS.

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Pa fA
>
sed _pseldo - Rendn Cade Ear SaB hasa
Q It_medulertos

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umisn
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wit-te2ellec
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Tuborp in a t u e n ! E f

d h t i a antbud e i n l
p i a a apaAIK U2-12.

nd_Re.
aloe Ccm2 e HraleqS i h l a
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nigila ( a 2 uses
th ith dicu vou
anned witlh
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

SIF

MEGA VLE.-Lo Remge davi gatien SpsieM

oleestNav Estem
ant aedara A-No stehesl
Coole J36
elplnklly
VHPHE Cn
Kacta Emisaloe Po N Um modubuteo
o R 9 A 8u AM-DS emiBion

mlcn CadeA TxChanatestic o a wave

DepphesCWt:+_alao Kam aa Dapbl«r e t
CAagenfautu awan yeloti o to_
am obseeh ho d mavi Alatiw wa uue
enephy_Slaste d Jn lia 18Sak elGah.
AlmanacAPublicatlon about moemeut
n nn1o -Tele CanmmLndcaia
YolI
KadiaAlav
. icls
YoLI gmpxeudws
Y 0 1 L S Com SystUn

vel Sueilante RoslaLliain Avoisb

velv ALmautsakucduaqepechn
iilizsdien.
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

PaAa Rwy ohsalioa.

VER
ot
4-30o
3GL KK 36R 3eL 36c 36R

QDi eafh ia RYR-

RMSM(EUSM
GLONASS

USA -Rusia
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miadim Cnelia2Dedu
lha a uae SELAL in twn pat Cockpit.-
Io mdud wekLad pituka in
moniteti Raslia temd
G

LoRANLa Koe Nlavigatio

Ra aISOO(4bokm) tcurey o eMl
monedyalm 2 LORAN BALu os t
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

LAe C mithol ech Ax DATE: J

Litiad leth
C3atamediad ele
Snteredisda Aptkh £A Cflbal apch_fix)
Spmt
Fi neth 8eam. Missedaath Point Min De AE_

MiAand bcl S2haut Ho at-

Nayd

Hesizadal Sep Minima

Latesal losgitudhel
Vok Snm-
1Smi
NDL -Srm-
lomun
30

tomin).

Sih312o kols
alahed

3m7 al
-Jonin
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat
DATE
PAGE
GeOstlioray orbitG EO
Circle eall
e p i e _ h o m A l e a t t oE a a t

llouin uth'A otatiom_

-A_Les_d Haus Sb min o 4 s
hatu as H eabh
-pae luy_exact_sam
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E makes Sat te appeo
uefred dectin Uk
Need a jred eakhain
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Luoreod fe Skuktit imaglg

High aelutin

sheol7-2 km se Ao it wi ake
90min to_cixel gt So A-
a day

LMEO_ Medlum Cuth bit

Be14LEo anel GE0
LEO
ua Algv Sa
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

Third we , n i More o24

-ugtEnelepe Coaauka.-
CSTE -Euopeow Suesal d »rcatmment fund

Aireli tzpress fijst 134 CLess Repork

i g t 3 3 0 3 M 2 0 z a , sosu Retoi
Pakiotou cLas h

Recet Clasherin
inigee Uul.
Lateal Aash=-1h MALc
Alea bbepal ust aft lnk ff
a l Tded:-VT-IAA

Cowpay Pinhacle Air: (dian NSof).

Bwsl ka Gua-
Poo-03.
Tatal caaait ouy
b^vach Smenl SED
ORAN|OmEGA
Emiäicm C d e MeaningL decoclee
AWS
33E
PoN
Dable Sit
Reapasihl prlat
SEL IAL
Phase gitka
Dut Pefoqaion
fow ozLs
Phase _a wa L_pkane awa
Diee be Tekpemy d [elpabl

Dikece leinVASE/ PAPE_

A MAnaC

pATE:
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

SMR-
Sunface Rada ia alsn Kseum_a
CSeee Meemexnk Radar
Meveant Jrelaleul
ASMI CAireld_Suar
Aicpat Saaio Morement inditalj-
Rada
uAAay 10-20 GHz

what zNC IYM

SighalahdaninmJ4atd ddl in
1 t Gan alc
gPosiien lanp aal in AlCA
aettown
Sansedaeuial

ab ia ° fijd Pbn Awitn Sakmtak th dekaila

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Ttmla ugd Pln-
- NHLAAETALR+-
kut weR TLS nd LS
tfakieliLSS
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Priuible s DoM TRSACTme R SCaniyhtas
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a1OR-12 M
odd Dei ma
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No Cuavad Apuas C bch_po1sible
LExed pt ta eLL2AGs|Caahe inteac epkrdat hy
a twat ATS Reut od Tyhe( RsAV 4 rlem RNAY
SYER
gPaNPRSqma oIssdapcha aitiel.
Snaukia nal asdMisSeol
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

VASE PAfE
yisLLAbbraceh Slpe IrdtiaiPreisam_Apbroae
Ptk di cates
3 giela slopeuldosie 3 glde&ofe-
dae. uptusofeet

UASF
R
Parr

0Atbudion ckotase obshuden cleauauie

A 4-nm_witin 3.4- hmwith in
S Rwy » i N .

Ondiatcati om AES Tmaye AtahaolU

VOLMElL9-_Me YNo_ a(cIa_Hignte
aout TA METAR
irpo1sj gndia hag tuo
Mo LMET Boaiol Cee Sh ealka+MlLeload
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

Grul Polasi3atiom t whu Bst Hi3mlad od

Veticl eolaizaio a wolL in anteha

e Helica mlena ujcy ia ua SalCn

r miaile phons e s irua folariatim:
walke-Tllie ahouns Holwca ankhna:
CHam Radio)

Anlehha: is melallic ahutus u t Rcvs e

TAansnitó eleckaomameic waves.

Speitation mkha depea_m Jallawi

) Size
2) shaae
3) Maleal

Si3e Dikole _ mkha sie io idtay%

Mano palt mknna Sise ia -
Tmidence JA_ GainÍA double
Aelsteno ln A.CC 2 z ( Fmpttca) tA

de chagaasie soave i tmgat at Yaj

wed Co
18 f» 131 MHz.

2 Shabe 5Hoi3mtall a nHuzena_eolaizeol s0

3) Matial Shald lhe quoe Condueta k Cefeber o

Scanned with
Awmiium:
CamScanner
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

Aeaial nadinq Umit makes k n

nhha Suuttable r uhele_Aanpl
Aigbala

Same 0utnha CouRCv

- m l12 137 MHz
H VHE_mtena

Pmknha ain a ia cincol produs

CD)
mkna Gain K. X

Powey ineut to andkma;

Diytdtlviky5 The atio o adiatinm intaat_

in a 9iv Aretlou kon uu auknha
_o
Andiakio ina av@eein
O ell diectim

s p alfe_ wil aine for . ech

dYee CECE)_alonih RIR Unce
me me
ned with keEII
CamScanner
 Capt. Ravinder Sherawat

LS B(pcik dia.
th CvoR DVoR.
f Cede ks
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SmplRs
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C R v : it_
e
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Seode Con Seacl tuh
Aaka end Cem Rv alaa bu at_a time
Cme
wla-Gate[RI)
Duplex all duplks
Snc Con Rx Ix
Simltestal e Telhhene
Diene tfh Telaphn d Tetpraphy
Lantdiadeute Noice C
lon dlaitme Com y
mtans Moise Cocl
Leo bowa DME=Paw e oo watká e Ltasee Aech
Rayt C8-1S nm)
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How VoRReeR kaaLfhroAegt puet pnem
 Communication methods

Air-ground communication. Two-way communication

between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of
the earth.

Air-to-ground communication. One-way communication

from aircraft to stations or locations on the surface of the
earth.

Blind transmission. A transmission from one station to

another station in circumstances where two-way communi-
cation cannot be established but where it is believed that
the called station is able to receive the transmission.

Broadcast. A transmission of information relating to air

navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or
stations.

Dupler. A method in which telecommunication between two

stations can take place in both directions simultaneously.

Ground-to-air communication. One-way communication

from stations or locations on the surface of the earth to
aircraft.

Interpilot air-to-air communication. Two-way communication

on the designated air-to-air channel to enable aircraft
engaged in flights over remote and oceanic areas out of
range of VHF ground stations to exchange necessary oper-
ational information and to facilitate the resolution of
operational problems.

Non-network communications. Radiotelephony communi-

cations conducted by a station of the aeronautical mobile
service, other than those conducted as part of a radio-
telephony network.

Radiotelephony network. A group of radiotelephony aeronaut-

ical stations which operate on and guard frequencies from
the same family and which support each other in a defined
manner to ensure maximum dependability of air-ground
communications and dissemination of air-ground traffic.

Readback. A procedure whereby the receiving station repeats

a received message or an appropriate part thereof back to
the transmitting station so as to obtain confirmation of
correct reception.

Simplex. A method in which telecommunication between two

stations takes place in one direction at a time.
SIMULATOR OFDVOR NAVIGATION SYSTEM
6. MUX digitally controlled analog multiplex which ensures electronic signal switching for
power amplifiers. Transmission frequency generator is connected to the common input and
individual outputs are connected to the inputs of power amplifiers.
7. Power amplifier-provides the necessary power on inputs to speaker excitation.
8. Speaker - transtorms the electric energy from power amplifiers into sound waves.

9. Power supply - provides the necessary voltages with sufficient margin for each individual
circuit. 3.3V voltage is required for all digital circuits, 12V sub-circuit supplies power
amplifiers and amplitude modulator, 5V voltage with large current capacity is used to power
the engine.
10. Motor control control with reversing rotation by switches and relays
11. Motor-two-directional motor providing arm lifting.

Power suppPy +5V Motor control Molor

12V

+12V +5V +3V3 power ampliers

-12V
LCD
moduleic

speakers
10
Conurol MCU MUX 9
npubs

Figure 5 Block diagram of control electronic

 6. ELECTRONIC PART DESCRIPTION

Electronics parts are responsible for generation all spectrum of signals and overall control of
simulator. These parts must provide:
Generate all frequencies
o Modulating frequency for AM
o Carrie frequency for AM
o AM this two frequencies which represented reference signal
o Variable signal
o Synchronized "rotation" with modulating frequency of AM signal
Power amplification of all transmitted signal for speakers
User input interface buttons and rotary encoders
Display interface
Motor control for changing radius
Power supply for all electronic parts

Simulátor D-VOR odulecne

Frekvencia

PModulacna 1. Hz
Vs1elacia
HZ
FreFiMia1e:1.4 Prepinanie

Status

Uroven Motor

Mode
ulatna
Vysielacas odulko ana

OOOO
Figure 4 Front preview on control interface

The basic block circuit shows the structure of electronic parts.

1. Microcontroller-Receives input signals from control elements and generates frequencies

based on requirements. Integrated DAC transducers are used to generate signals. Data for
transducer are generated on the principle of direct digital synthesis - table and a control word.
At the same time, the microcontroller controls the multiplex switching synchronously with the
modulation frequency.
2. Control elements allows the user to change the parameters. It is advised to use rotation
encoders and buttons to ensure simple control.
3. LCD display allows displaying of set parameters.
4. AM modulator ensures amplitude modulation for the speaker in the centre of the device,
which simulates non-directional antenna.
5. Generator I - circuit ensuring creation of requested transmission frequency working on the
principle of direct digital synthesis.
 Martin Krchnák,Ján Labun,Pavol Kurdel
directional antennas instead of two pairs of directional antennas, thereby eliminating distortion caused
by multiple signals spreading. Signal from D-VOR system can be received on board by the same
device as from VOR system in spite of differences in signal processing and emitting.
D-VOR beacon uses the same frequencies as VOR system, therefore works in range of 108-
112 MHz, additional signal frequency is 9960Hz, frequency deviation of frequency modulation is
480Hz and non-directional antennas switch at 30Hz. Therefore, to maintain compatibility betweenD-
vOR and VOR, the frequency range of D-VOR is the same as of VOR.[I]|2]

In contrast with VOR, D-vOR uses at least 32 non-directional antennas set on circle and one
antenna in the middle. The non-directional antenna in the middle emits sinusoidal. amplitude
modulated reference signal of 30Hz. Antennas on circle emit frequency modulated signal with
secondary carrier frequency of 9960Hz and frequency of 30Hz. Signal for side antennas is generated
in generators of upper and lower sideband, what provides modulation of carrier frequency of 108
112MHz and with the help of secondary 9960izcarrier frequency a phase shit of 0 and 90°
place where signal is received. It
Frequency modulation of 30Hz is created t antenna rotation i
would be impossible to use one antenna. mechanically rotating at 3OHz. so the antenma rotation is
replaced by electronically switching the antennas on circle. Spectrum of DVOR signal is illustrated on
Figure 1. Switching control signal is formed in the switching signal generator. The direction of
antennas switching rotation is counterclockwise, while in VOR. the radiation pattern rotation is
clockwise. The change in a rotation ensures the compatibility between D-VOR and VOR. After
demodulation of both signals, same phase relations are created in place where signal is received. The
phase shift of demodulated signals corresponds with radial. [1]|2]

reference signal 30Hz. AM.

ower sideband 30Hz F.M. upper sidetband 30Hz FE.M.

fc-30Hz fc+30Hz
fc-9960Hz fc+9960Hz
*48 +480H2
identification identification

l vOice

Figure 1 Ilustration of DVOR signal spectrum

Voice

3. EFFECT OF DOPPLER SHIFT AT DVOR

Doppler effect marks frequency changes of acoustic or electromagnetic waves according to object's
movement towards or away from the observer. Moving towards the observer increases the frequency
moving away from the observer decreases it. (2] If a distance of an aircraft is large, angular velocity of
antennas when observed from the aircraft is:

V = V* sin (1)
Where V. resembles angular velocity towards the aireraft, V resembles angular velocity of a
moving antenna and do angle resembles angle relative to the x axis. For Doppler frequency shift for the
sources moving at slower speed than the speed of light, we use [2]

Af== C
= sinp (2)

ISSN 1339-9853 (online), acta-avionica.tuke.sk ISSN 1335-9479 (print) © 2015 LF TUKE

 SECTION9
A EUREMENIS 18" NOVEMBER 2016
ERIE DAN
44.15.2 Address

4.4.15.2.1 The address shall

comprise
nmen unction
c) addressee indicator(s);

O gnnent uncO
two-letter group
The priority Indicalor
4.4.15.2.1.1 the shall consist of the appropriate
assigned by originator in accordance with the touowing
Priority indicator Message category

SS
DD
distress messages
rgoncy messages
FF flight saley messages

fight regulatoy messiages

GG
aoronauical information services messages
aeronaulical administrative me5Sg0s
As appropnato sorvico messages

4.4.15.2.1.2 Tho ordor of priority shall be the same as specfiod in 4.4.12

44.152.1.3 An addressee indicator, which shall bo immodialoly procedod by a

addresses, shall comprise:

the four-lener location indicator of the place of desination;

b)the three-letter designator identilying the organization tunction

(aeronautical authority. service or aircraft opetating agency) addressed

C n BOdionaeter, whcn sha represet a Oepartment, ivsion o

used to complete the address when explicit identification is not required.

45213 here a mess8ge i5 to be addressed tD an organizaion that h85

44.15.2.1.3 the location indicator ol the place of destination shall be folowed by the
CAONeeeter designaior yy (or the CAO Tthree-leffer designator YAY in the case
nae e tetohe osSaga. the ephh position letter
 Above Glidepath Below Glidepath On Glidepath

36
If both light bars are white, f you see red over red, you If the far bar is red and the
are below the glidepath. is
you are too high.
near bar white, you are on
the glidepath. The memory
aid red over white, you're al
is helpful
in recalling
right,
the correctsequence of lights.
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SERIES D PART II 18
areECTON9
NOVEMBER 0

.2 ATS Direct Speech circuits

contalned in
to ATS
A P Sertioo4 Series
"
direct
E Part speech
ll-Äir communications
Traffic Sorvices.
are

anne na meleorological
operational teiecomnieaion
porationai toco
wotoorological operational channel procaduros and meteorological operational
conpaioie wIln Beronauical txed
D n newo proceures Si De
moatble" is to be interpreted
as a mode of
operabon ensunng
r
information exchanged over tho motooralogical oporatona channoisaso can D
nenvoK wihout harmitul
ove e deroinsDnicer iata terecommunicatIon
offoct on the operalion of tho aoronautcal fixed tolecommuncalion netwoIN DO V I

Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network (AFTN)

4.4.1 General

4.4.1.1 Categorios of messages. Subject to the provisions of 3.3, the folowing

of mossago shall be handled by the aeronautical fixod tolocommunicabon
categories
a) distress messages;

D)rgency messages
c)light salety messages;
d) meteorological messages;

e) flight regularity messages;

) aeronautical inlormation services (AIS) messbges

aeronautical administrative messages;

h) serce messugus

441 1Dlstross mossagas toriority indicatorS5) This message catogary

sral compr5e hose messages sent by moble stationsmessag0s t t
repon relative to tho
a n Dy grave and imminont danger and all other
mmediato assistance required by the mobie station in distress

Ad2Urgency messages (priorityof indicator DD). This category shal

ship, aircralt or othar vehicles, of
comoriso
some m055ges concerning the safoty
person on board or within sight.
a or