K.

KAVIYA
MSC FS&C
EXPLOSIVE
EXPLOSIVE
• An explosive is a substance or device that produces a rapid,
violent release of chemical energy, typically accompanied by
high pressure gas generation, high temperature increase and
shockwave propagation .

• TYPES OF EXPLOSION
1. Exotic
2. Chemical
 FEATURES LOW EXPLOSIVE HIGH EXPLOSIVE
Explosive that deflagrate Explosive that detonate
DEFINITION
( burns rapidly). ( create shock wave).
Deflagration subsonic Detonation supersonic
REACTION TYPE
combustion combustion.
Slowly , typically less Very fast typically over
BURN RATE
than 1000 m/s. than 1000 m/s.
Propellants , blasting , Military munitions,
COMMON USE
fireworks etc.. demolition etc...
Less sensitive can More sensitive
SENSITIVITY withstand shock and particularly high
friction. explosive.
Usually ignited by a Requires detonator for
INITIATION METHODS spark or flame. ignition expect tertiary
explosive.
Produce sound and Can produce significant
pressure without shock wave , shattering
EFFECT ON SURROUNDING
shattering effect. effects and
fragmentation.
 EXPLOSION PROCESS
1. Initiation : Heat, spark or shockwave ignites the explosive material . Chemical
reaction begins and release chemical energy.
2. Decomposition : Explosive material breakdown into simpler compounds and
exothermic release heat and gases.
3. Deflagration : Reaction spreads slowly through the material. Heat and gas build
up, increase pressure.
4. Transition to Detonation : Pressure and temperature reach critical point.
Reaction accelerate and become supersonic.
5. Detonation : Shockwave propagate through the material. Extremely high
pressure and temperature. Rapid conversion of material to gas.
6. Expansion : Gas expand rapidly and create blast wave . Shockwave release
through air or surrounding materials.
7. Release of energy: Energy released as heat , light and sound . Blast wave cause
damage and destruction.
Blast wave :
• A blast wave is a high pressure shockwave generated by the rapid release of
energy, typically caused by an explosion or sudden acceleration of gas. It
propagate through air or other media causing damage and injury.

Explosive Effects:
• Depends on the type of explosive . Severity of effects on a number of factors such
as type of explosion , amount of energy or chemical present , weather conditions
and others. It create four types of effects
1. Blast pressure
2. Thermal
3. Fragmentation
4. Ancillary
BLAST INJURIES
 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE
An improvised explosive device(IED) is a product, assembled in contravention to
the existing rules of law of nation adopting unconventional or semi-conventional
methods of formulating ammunition/explosives, with a criminal/anti-national
intention. IED is also known as homemade bomb. For example- roadside bombs,
letter bomb, bombs incorporated in briefcase/vehicle etc..
 PYROTECHNICS
• Pyrotechnics is a methodical technique involving the use of constituents skilled of
undertaking self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions for
the generation of heat, light, gas, smoke and/or sound. Pyrotechnics has the
propensity to change a fire into either a burst of striking fireworks or a dense
cloud of clogging smoke. The fireworks are a blinking, fiery, short-lived burst of
glowing, coloured aerial lights.
 SEARCHING OF SCENE OF EXPLOSION
1. Initial Safety Assessment:
Ensure the area is secure and safe for investigator.
Evaluate potential hazards such as structural instability, unexploded devices, and hazardous
materials.
2. Establishing a Perimeter:
Set up a cordon around the site to control access and preserve evidence.
Use barriers to restrict entry and ensure that only authorized personnel are allowed.
3. Documentation:
Take comprehensive photographs and videos of the scene from multiple angles.
Create a sketch of the scene to map out key elements, including debris patterns and potential
points of origin.
4.Systematic Search:
Conduct a grid search, starting from the area of the explosion and moving outward.
Look for physical evidence such as blast debris, fragments of explosives, and indicators of a
detonator.
EXAMINATION OF EXPLOSIVE RESIDUE IN THE
LABORATORY USING CHEMICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL
TECHNIQUES
• Colorimetric test
• Spot test
• Chemical titration
• TLC
• GC
• IR spectroscopy
• NMR
• MS
• GC – MS
• LC - MS
• SEM – EDS
• X – ray Fluorescence
THANK YOU 😁