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Visualizing Solid Shapes Notes (23-24)

solid shapes

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78 views5 pages

Visualizing Solid Shapes Notes (23-24)

solid shapes

Uploaded by

Aadya Gastgar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BRIGHT RIDERS SCHOOL, ABU DHABI

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS GRADE – VII

TOPIC – VISUALIZING SOLID SHAPES


Dimensions

• Dimension is a measurable length along a direction.


• Dimensions are length, breadth (or width) or height (or depth).
• A point is dimensionless.
• Based on the number of dimensions a figure has, there are one-dimensional, two-
dimensional and three-dimensional figures.
Solid Shapes

• Solid shapes have length, breadth or width and depth or height.


• They are called 3D or three-dimensional shapes.
• Example: Cuboids, Cylinders, Spheres and Pyramids.

Perspectives of a Solid Shape


Visualising solid shapes

• Solid shapes can be visualised in different ways.


• Solid shapes can be formed by placing some solid shapes side by side to form a new solid
shape.
• Example: (i) A cylinder is formed by stacking up circles vertically.
(ii) Cubes can be formed by placing cubes side by side.

Visualising solid objects by viewing the smallest unit

• A solid can be visualized by breaking it down to the smallest unit.


• For example, a cube of dimensions (3cm x 3cm x 3cm) can be made up of 27 small cubes of
dimensions (1cm x 1cm x 1cm).

Quantities Associated with a Solid


Faces, edges and vertices

• The corners of a solid shape are called its vertices.


• The line segment joining two vertices is called an edge, or when two planes of a solid meet it
forms an edge.
• The surfaces of a solid shape are called as its face.

A polyhedron is a solid that is enclosed by polygons. A polyhedron has only flat surfaces.

Eg-cube, cuboid, pyramid etc

The Euler formula: for any convex polyhedron, the number of vertices and faces together is
exactly two more than the number of edges.
Symbolically V−E+F=2.

For example, a tetrahedron has four vertices, four faces, and six edges; 4-6+4=2.

The table below shows the number of faces, edges and vertices some solid shapes have.

Nets of Solid Shapes


Building 3-D objects
A net is a flattened out skeletal outline or a blueprint of a solid which can be folded along the edges
to create solid. The same solid can have multiple nets.
Example: A net for a cube box.

Representing 3D Shapes on a Paper


Drawing solids on a flat surface

• Solid shapes can be represented on a 2D flat surface like paper.


• This is done by drawing oblique sketches, to make it appear 3D. This is called as 2D
representation of a 3D solid.
Obliques sketches

• Oblique sketches do not have the exact length of a solid shape but appears exactly like the
solid shape.
• Example: Drawing an oblique sketch of a cube:
Step 1: Draw the front and the opposite faces.
Step 2: Join the corresponding corners. (Figure 1)
Step 3: Redraw using dotted lines for hidden edges. (Figure 2)
This gives the oblique sketch of the cube.

Isometric sketches

• Isometric sketches have measurements equal to that of the solid.


• They are usually drawn on an isometric dotted paper.
• Example: Drawing an isometric sketch of a cuboid of dimensions 4 × 3 × 3:
Step 1: Draw a rectangle to show the front face of the cuboid.

Step 2: Draw four parallel line segments of length three starting from the four corners of the
rectangle.

Step 3: Connect the corresponding corners using appropriate line segments.


Step 4: The figure thus obtained is the isometric sketch of the cuboid.

• CBSE

ICSE

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