IT Infrastructure

Shubham Goswami
 Defining IT Infrastructure
• Hardware, software and Network
• Set of firm-wide services including:
– Computing platforms
– Telecommunication services
– Data Management
– Enterprise application
– Operating systems / Application software
– Physical facilities management services
– Setting standards, training & education, and other
services
Common
Utilisation
Models

Capacity
Installation
Models
Cloud Computing

Shubham Goswami
 Drivers are ..->
For Companies For Providers

• IT infrastructure Cost Ex. Amazon, Microsoft, IBM,

Google etc.
• purchase, maintenance
& updation • Underutilised
resources
• Resource utilisation
• Data requirements
• Resource Sharing/
• Flexibility/ on demand renting
• Scalability
• Ease in Collaboration • Revenue source
• Remote Access/Reach
• Advance Technology • Green IT
 Cloud Computing
• Computing environment in which
software and storage are provided
as an Internet service and
accessed with a Web browser

• Servers, database management,

data storage, networking,
software applications, and special
capabilities such as blockchain
and artificial intelligence (AI) —
over the internet
Cloud Fundamentals

Shubham Goswami
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/evolution-of-cloud-computing/
 4. Grid Computing (~1990s)

• Computers located in different geographical locations

share resources (Storage/processing) in the grid
connected by Internet.
• Grid consisted of heterogeneous nodes.
• Grids are a form of “super virtual computer” that solve
a particular application.

High bandwidth.
 Virtualisation
• It refers to the process of creating a virtual layer over
the hardware. Run multiple instances simultaneously
on the hardware.
• Base of Cloud Computing. Virtualization abstracts
services and physical resources.
• Multiple independent operating systems run on a
physical computer
• Virtualization techniques to make abstraction of the
physical hardware
• Create large aggregated pools of logical resources consisting of
CPUs, memory, applications, networking
• Offer customers in the form of agile, scalable, consolidated
virtual machines (VMs)
 Risks of Virtualisation
• High Initial Investment (Cost of Different OS Licence fees,
Consume large disk space, RAM and CPU)
• Insufficient server capacity
• Mismatched servers
• Slow network communications
• Virtualization is a perfect solution for small to medium-
scale application users.
• Slow to start  doesn’t suit for high-performance
applications.
• Uneven workload distribution  Load balancing
• Risk of Data – hosting data on 3rd party system
• Learning New Infrastructure (need trained staff)
GCP
 SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)
• Service locator - It
is a service provider
that acts as a
registry. It is
responsible for
examining service
provider interfaces
and service
locations.
• Service broker - It is
a service provider
that pass service
requests to one or
more additional
service providers.
Eg. Uber App use service of Login Page, Google Map, Payment Gateway

---Complex to implement, difficulty in interaction between services/messaging between

services. Limited scalability when services share multiple resources and have several
interdependencies between services. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA9RjHI463g
 Scaling
Horizontal and Vertical Scaling
Horizontal Scaling
• Adding new instances of the server to the
existing servers to distribute the workload.
• Require load balancing, distributed file
systems, and clustering.
• Also called Scale-out, application that enhance
reach

•Fault Tolerance
•Low Latency

High Cost
Difficult to maintain
Vertical Scaling
• Adding resources like processing power,
storage, and memory to the existing hardware
or software, enhancing the system’s capacity.
• Also called Scale-up, ideal for application with
limited geographical presence.

• It is easy to implement and

maintain
• Reduced software costs

Single Point of Failure

• Autoscaling:
Automatic increase or decrease the compute, memory or
networking resources they have allocated, as traffic
spikes and use patterns demand.

• Autohealing:

It promptly detects failed instances and recreates them

automatically, so clients can be served again. With
autohealing, you no longer need to manually bring an
app back to service after a failure.
• Zone
– is a deployment area
– May not correspond to single physical location/building
– a single failure domain within a region.
– For fault-tolerant applications deploy applications across
multiple zones in a region.

• Region
– Group of zones
– Independent geographic areas

For example, the us-central1 region in the central United States has zones us-
central1-a , us-central1-b , us-central1-c , and us-central1-f .
Data Center
https://www.netari.com/post/2014/02/04/what-to-look-for-in-a-data-center-understanding-tier-levels-industry-standards
MeghRaj- Indian Cloud
• In 2014 by NIC (National Informatics Centre)
• Accelerate delivery of e-services (G2C)

5 National DC:
Delhi
Pune
Bhubaneshwar
Chandigarh
Hyderabad On: 12 June, 2024
 Edge Computing & Cloud

• Edge devices perform local processing and analytics, while utilizing the
cloud for more intensive tasks, storage, and centralized management.
• Suitable where real-time processing, low latency, and offline capabilities
are essential, but also require the benefits of centralized storage, data
aggregation, and sophisticated analytics provided by the cloud.
Content Delivery Network-CDN service
• Network of interconnected servers that speeds up
webpage loading for data-heavy applications.
• Allows quick transfer of assets needed for loading
Internet content, including HTML pages, JavaScript files,
stylesheets, images, and videos using Cache and edge
computing.
• CDNs manage traffic from major sites like Facebook,
Netflix, and Amazon.
• Provider: Microsoft Azure CDN, CloudFlare, Google CDN,
Amazon CloudFront etc.
Google CDN: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=841kyd_mfH0
 Serverless Computing
• Develop, deploy, and run applications without
worrying about provisioning servers.
• Scalable, and event-driven architecture.
• Support FaaS (Function as Service)
• Cost effective and improve efficiency
• Close to PaaS,
• Provider: Amazon Lamba, Microsoft Function,
Google Cloud Function
• DevOps is the combination of cultural philosophies,
practices, and tools that increases an organization’s ability
to deliver applications and services at high velocity.
• Development and operations teams are no longer
“siloed.”
• Extends beyond application development to encompass
application operations and IT infrastructure.
• Based on Continuous delivery (CD) & Continuous
Integration (CI), Mirco-services principles.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xrgk023l4lI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Me3ea4nUt0U
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Computing Architecture :
The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts i.e.
1. Frontend: it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface ) to interact with the
cloud.
2. Backend : include Application, service, runtime cloud, storage,
Infrastructure
 Microservices
• A microservices architecture is a type of
application architecture where the application
is developed as a collection of services.
• Enabling rapid, frequent and reliable software
delivery.
• To serve a single user request, a
microservices-based application can call on
many internal microservices to compose its
response.
UBER
 Vertical Cloud
• Not Vertical scaling / ‘scaling up’.
• A vertical cloud is a set of cloud computing services
optimized for use in a particular industry, or for a
specific business model.
• For vertical market structure : like healthcare,
financial services, Education, Manufacturing,
Government, etc.
• Example. AWS GovCloud, Oracle Cloud
Manufacturing, Google cloud, IBM Cloud for
Financial Services
• Vertical Cloud – A vertical cloud is a cloud computing solutions
that is built or optimized for a specific business vertical such as
manufacturing, financial services, or healthcare.
• Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) – hypervisor
• Data Lake: A type of data repository that captures both
structured and unstructured data from a variety of sources.
• Multi-Tenancy – Multi-Tenancy is a mode of operation for
software in which multiple instances of one or many
applications run in a shared environment.
• Cloud Native: Applications developed specifically for cloud
platforms.
• Load Balancing: The process of distributing computing
workloads across multiple resources, such as servers.
• Virtual desktop: desktop operating system hosted within a
virtual machine.
• Workload – A cloud workload is a specific application, service,
capability or a specific amount of work that can be run on a
cloud resource. Virtual machines, databases, containers,
Hadoop nodes and applications are all considered cloud
workloads.
• Lift and shift - also known as “rehosting,” is the process of
migrating an exact copy of an application or workload, together
with its data store and operating system (OS), from IT one
environment to another—usually from on-premises to public or
private cloud.