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Electrostatic Potential Project Revised

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34 views3 pages

Electrostatic Potential Project Revised

Me

Uploaded by

adeen.sheikh18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project on Electrostatic Potential and Electrical Energy

Introduction

Electrostatics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of forces, fields, and potentials arising

from static charges. This project focuses on understanding two crucial aspects of electrostatics:

Electrostatic Potential and Electrical Energy.

Objectives

1. To understand the concept of electrostatic potential.

2. To study the relation between electrostatic potential and electric field.

3. To explore how electrical energy is stored and used in systems like capacitors.

Theoretical Background

1. Electrostatic Potential

The electrostatic potential V at a point in an electric field is defined as the work done in bringing a

unit positive charge from infinity to that point without acceleration.

Formula: V = (1 / (4 * pi * epsilon_0)) * (q / r)

Where:

- q: Charge creating the field

- r: Distance from the charge

- epsilon_0: Permittivity of free space

2. Electrostatic Potential Energy

It is the energy stored in a system of charges due to their positions in the electric field.

Formula for two charges: U = (1 / (4 * pi * epsilon_0)) * (q1 * q2 / r)

3. Electric Field and Potential Relation

The electric field is the negative gradient of the potential:

E = -dV / dr
4. Capacitors and Energy Storage

Capacitors store electrical energy in the form of electrostatic potential energy. The energy stored in

a capacitor is given by:

U = (1/2) * C * V^2

Where:

- C: Capacitance

- V: Voltage across the capacitor

Applications

1. Energy storage in capacitors.

2. High-voltage equipment such as Van de Graaff generators.

3. Electric potential mapping for biomedical and industrial applications.

Methodology

Experiment 1: Mapping the electric field and potential around a charged sphere

Materials: Metal sphere, electrometer, graph paper.

Procedure: Measure the potential at various points and plot it to observe the 1/r dependency.

Experiment 2: Measuring the energy stored in a capacitor

Materials: Capacitor, voltmeter, and power source.

Procedure: Charge the capacitor and measure the energy stored using (1/2) * C * V^2.

Observations

- The potential decreases as the distance from the charge increases.

- The energy stored in capacitors depends on the voltage applied and the capacitance.

Conclusion

Electrostatic potential and electrical energy are fundamental concepts that describe how charges

interact and store energy. These principles are essential for various practical applications in
electronics and energy systems.

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