Literature Review I

This literature review examines the complex relationship between market spaces, sensory
experiences, and social interaction within the urban fabric. Drawing on a range of scholarly
works, including those by Marc Auge, Francois de Chatel, and Juhani Pallasmaa, it explores the
historical significance of markets as vital community hubs and contrasts them with the rise of
supermarkets as "non-places." The review also delves into the concept of transient occupancy
and its impact on urban spaces, using London's Brick Lane as a case study. By analyzing the
interplay between sensory perception, social engagement, and the built environment, this review
aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the market's role in fostering community and
shaping urban identity.Furthermore, it investigates the concept of transient occupancy and its
impact on the design and functionality of public spaces, emphasizing the need for adaptability
and inclusivity in fostering social cohesion.

3.1 Introduction:

The marketplace has been an integral part of urban development throughout history, serving as a
central point for trade, social interaction, and cultural exchange. From the bustling souks of the
Middle East to the vibrant marketplaces of Europe, these spaces have traditionally fostered a
sense of community and belonging. However, the rise of supermarkets and online shopping has
led to a decline in the social and cultural significance of traditional markets. This literature
review explores the historical and contemporary role of markets in urban spaces, focusing on the
interplay between sensory experiences and social interaction. It examines how design can be
used to revitalize market spaces and create more engaging and inclusive urban environments.

3.2 The Historical Significance of Markets:

Historically, markets have been more than just places of commerce; they have been vital centers
for community building and social interaction. Carolyn Steel, in her book "Hungry City," argues
that markets have played a crucial role in shaping the physical and social fabric of cities. They
have traditionally served as gathering places where people from diverse backgrounds come
together to exchange goods, share news, and engage in social activities. The marketplace has
been a stage for the performance of everyday life, a place where social norms are negotiated and
cultural identities are expressed.

The decline of traditional markets in many cities has led to a loss of these vital community
spaces. Supermarkets, with their standardized layouts and impersonal atmosphere, have replaced
the vibrant and chaotic energy of the marketplace. Marc Augé, in his influential work
"Non-Places," argues that supermarkets are emblematic of the "supermodern" condition,
characterized by a loss of historical and cultural connection. He describes supermarkets as
"non-places" - spaces devoid of identity and meaning, where social interaction is minimized and
human experience is homogenized.

3.3 Sensory Experiences in Market Spaces

The sensory dimensions of market spaces are crucial in shaping user experiences and influencing
social dynamics. Mesher's article emphasizes the importance of sensory engagement in creating a
sense of place and fostering social interaction within markets. She argues that the sights, sounds,
smells, and textures of market environments contribute to a rich and immersive experience that
encourages people to linger, explore, and connect.

Juhani Pallasmaa's book "The Eyes of the Skin" provides a theoretical framework for
understanding the significance of sensory experiences in architecture and design. Pallasmaa
argues that we perceive and interact with the world through our entire bodies, not just our eyes.
He emphasizes the importance of multisensory engagement in creating meaningful and engaging
spaces. In the context of markets, this suggests that the interplay of visual, auditory, olfactory,
and tactile stimuli contributes to a holistic and immersive experience that fosters social
interaction and a sense of community.The close proximity of people, the lively chatter of vendors
and customers, and the enticing aromas of food all create an atmosphere that encourages social
engagement. Markets provide opportunities for spontaneous encounters and conversations,
fostering a sense of belonging and shared identity.
3.4 Transient Occupancy and Public Space Design:

The concept of transient occupancy, or the temporary use of space, is central to understanding
the dynamics of market spaces. Mesher's article explores the transient nature of market spaces,
highlighting the constant flow of people and activities that contribute to their vibrancy and
diversity. She argues that the design of public spaces should accommodate this transient
occupancy, providing flexibility and adaptability to cater to the needs of diverse users. Markets
are inherently transient spaces, with vendors and customers coming and going throughout the
day. This constant flux of people contributes to the vibrant and ever-changing nature of the
marketplace.

The concept of transient occupancy has also been explored in other research. For instance, Iain
Borden's work on skateboarding and urban space examines how transient groups, such as
skateboarders, negotiate and appropriate public spaces. Borden argues that the design of public
spaces should be inclusive and responsive to the needs of diverse users, including those who may
not conform to traditional norms.

3.4.1 The Case of Brick Lane :

Brick Lane, located in London's East End, is a prime example of a neighborhood shaped by
transient occupancy and cultural diversity. Historically a hub for immigrant communities, Brick
Lane has been home to waves of Huguenots, Jews, and Bangladeshis, each leaving their mark on
the area's built environment and cultural landscape. The area's transient nature is reflected in its
mix of residential, commercial, and industrial uses, as well as its vibrant street life and bustling
markets.

Mesher's study of Brick Lane highlights the importance of understanding the cyclical patterns of
occupancy in urban spaces. She argues that designers should consider the temporal dimension of
urban life, taking into account the different rhythms and routines of various user groups. By
designing spaces that accommodate the needs of transient populations, architects and urban
planners can create more inclusive and vibrant urban environments.
3.5 The Role of Design in Market Spaces

The design of market spaces plays a crucial role in shaping their social and sensory dimensions.
The layout of stalls, the use of materials, and the integration of public spaces all contribute to the
overall experience of the marketplace. Good design can enhance the sensory richness of the
market, encourage social interaction, and create a sense of place and identity.

In her study of the Moorish Market Hall in Brick Lane, Mesher explores the potential for
regenerating existing market structures to create vibrant community spaces. She argues that by
carefully considering the needs of different user groups and incorporating elements that stimulate
the senses, designers can create market spaces that foster social interaction and contribute to the
cultural richness of the city.

3.6 Conclusion:

Marketplaces have been an integral part of urban development throughout history, serving as
vital centers for trade, social interaction, and cultural exchange. While the rise of supermarkets
has led to a decline in the social and cultural significance of traditional markets, there is a
growing recognition of their value in creating vibrant and inclusive urban environments. The
article has highlighted the importance of sensory engagement in shaping user experiences and
fostering social interaction within markets. It has also explored the contrasting characteristics of
traditional markets and modern supermarkets, emphasizing the need for public spaces that
prioritize community, inclusivity, and social cohesion.

The literature reviewed underscores the importance of considering the transient nature of
occupancy in the design of public spaces. Markets, as dynamic and ever-changing environments,
require flexible and adaptable designs that can accommodate the needs of diverse users. By
prioritizing sensory engagement, social interaction, and community building, designers can
create market spaces that contribute to the vibrancy and vitality of urban life.