Topic 1 and 2-INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND THE CELL-Revision questions.

Page 1 of 3
1. Define the following terms: g) Stinging nettle. (1mk)
a) Botany. (1mk) 15. Below is an illustration of a piece of apparatus strategically
b) Zoology. (1mk) positioned to trap some organisms
c) Genetics. (1mk)
d) Ecology. (1mk)
e) Entomology. (1mk)
f) Cytology. (1mk)
g) Pathology. (1mk)
h) Ornithology. (1mk)
i) Ichthylogy. (1mk)
j) Microbiology. (1mk)
k) Anatomy. (1mk)
l) Biochemistry. (1mk)
2. Explain the importance of studying biology. (4mks)
3. List four environmental problems solved by studying a) Name the apparatus. (1mk)
biology. (4mks) b) State the function of the part labeled E. (1mk)
4. Name five careers that require biology as subject. (5mks) 16. The diagrams below illustrate apparatus used for collection
5. List four skills acquired by studying biology. (4mks) of specimens. Study them and answer the questions that
6. Explain the importance of the following characteristics of follow.
living organisms:
a) Nutrition. (1mks)
b) Respiration. (1mk)
c) Gaseous exchange. (1mk)
d) Excretion. (1mk)
e) Growth and development. (1mk)
f) Reproduction. (1mk) A C
g) Irritability. (1mk)
h) Movement. (1mk)
7. A car/ aeroplane is able to move from one place to another
and give out exhaust gases but it is snot classified as a living
organism. Explain. (2mks)
8. How does nutrition differ in plants and animals? (2mks) B
9. List characteristics of living organisms that are specific to: Name and give the function of the apparatus labeled A, B
a) Plants. (4mks) and C. (6mks)
b) Animals. (4mks) 17. Giving a reason in each case, name the cell organelle
10. The photograph below illustrates living organisms. Study it abundant in:
and answer the question that follows. a) Skeletal muscle. (2mks)
b) Palisade cell. (2mks)
c) Salivary gland. (2mks)
d) White blood cells. (2mks)
18. An organ was removed from an animal and was found to
have numerous ribosomes.
a) Name the organ. (1mk)
b) Give a reason for your answer in a) above. (1mk)
19. An organ was removed from a mammal and was found to
have numerous lysosomes.
a) Identify the organ. (1mk)
b) Give a reason for your answer in a) above. (1mk)
11. State two characteristics of living organisms illustrated in
20. Give the function of the following cell organelles:
the photograph. (2mks)
a) Golgi apparatus. (3mks)
12. a) List five precautions observed when collecting
b) Ribosomes. (1mk)
specimens. (5mks)
c) Lysosomes. (1mk)
13. Name two chemicals used to immobilize specimens in the
d) Mitochondria. (1mk)
laboratory. (2mks)
e) Endoplasmic reticulum. 2mks)
14. Name a suitable apparatus used to collect the following
f) Centrioles. (2mks)
specimens for study in the laboratory;
g) Chloroplast. (1mk)
a) Grasshopper. (1mk)
h) Cell wall. (2mks)
b) Rat. (1mk)
i) Cell membrane. (1mk)
c) Millipede. (1mk)
j) Cell sap. (2mks)
d) Fish. (1mk)
k) Vacuoles. (3mks)
e) Crab. (1mk)
21. The diagram below represents a cell organelle. Study it and
f) Ants. (1mk)
answer the questions that follow.
Topic 1 and 2-INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND THE CELL-Revision questions. Page 2 of 3
c) How is the low power objective lens manipulated to
focus a specimen for observation under a light
A B
microscope? (2mks)
d) Explain why only the fine adjustment knob should be
used when using high power objective lens. (1mk)
e) Why is it recommended to keep the stage of the
microscope dry? (1mk)
26. The diagram below illustrates a cell organelle. Study it and
a) Identify the organelle shown above. (1mk) answer the questions that follow.
b) Give the function of the cell organelle identified in a) B
above. (1mk)
c) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
d) Give one function of each of the part labeled A and B. A
(2mks)
B
22. The diagram below represents a cell.
a) Identify the cell organelle. (1mk)
b) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
c) List two functions of the cell organelle identified in (a)
above. (2mks)
d) Give three properties of the organelle identified in (a)
above. (3mks)
e) Explain the structural difference between the cell organelle
shown above and the cell wall of plant cell. (1mk)
a) Name the parts labeled X and Y. (2mks) f) Explain how the cell organelle identified in (a) above is
b) Suggest why the structures labeled X would be more on adapted to its function. (3mks)
one side than the other. (1mk)
23. The figure below is a fine structure of a generalized animal 27. The diagram below represents a light microscope. Study it
cell as seen under an electron microscope. and answer the questions that follow.
F A

C
I
B
A

C J
A

E
D
A

F
D
M K
A
G A

a) i) Based on the diagram, state whether it represents an

animal cell or plant cell. (1mk) H
ii) Give two reasons for your answer in a) above.
a)
Name the parts labeled A-H. (8mks)
(2mks)
b)
Give one function of each of the parts labeled A-H.
b) Name the parts labeled B, C, D and F. (4mks)
(8mks)
24. Differentiate between the following terms as used in
28. A student viewed and drew a plant cell of a diameter 4mm
microscopy:
using a light microscope whose eyepiece lens was marked
a) Magnification and resolution. (2mks)
X1 and objective lens marked X5. How many cells were
b) Mounting and staining. (2mks)
linearly arranged along the microscope’s field of view
25. Give reasons for carrying out the following procedures
whose diameter was 8mm. (show your working) (4mks)
when preparing temporary wet mounts of plant tissues.
29. The diameter of the field of view was estimated to be 5mm
i. Making thin plant sections.(1mk)
under a certain magnification. 5 cells were observed along
ii. Adding water on the plant section. (1mk)
the diameter of the field of view. What was the diameter of
iii. Placing a cover slip over the plant section.
(2mks) one cell in microns (μm)? (2mks)
iv. Adding iodine/ staining. (1mk)
v. Using a sharp razor blade/ scalpel. (1mk)
Topic 1 and 2-INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY AND THE CELL-Revision questions. Page 3 of 3
30. A student used a microscope with x40 objective lens and x5 35. Below are diagrams of cell organelle obtained from
eye piece lens. He observed 5 Cells in the field of view different organs of an animal.
which had 2.2mm radius.
a) Calculate the area of field of view in square
micrometers (µm2). (2mks)
b) What is the average size of the cell in micrometers?
(2mks)
c) Estimate the actual size/length of the cell. (3mks)
31. A student carried out an experiment on microscope work.
The field of view was as shown in the following diagram. i) For each organelle state an organ in the urinary system
where it is likely to be found. (2mks)
ii) Give a reason for your answers in (i) above. (2mks)
36. Name the characteristic of living organisms illustrated by
each of the activities described below:
Millimeter marks. a) Dressing heavily. (1mk)
b) Bursting of the sporangium in the Rhizopus sp. (1mk)
c) Budding in yeast. (1mk)
If she counted 20 cells on the diameter of the field of view, what d) Enlargement of the pupil in dim light. (1mk)
was the approximate size of each cell in micrometers (μm). 37. a) Define the term “field of view” as used in microscopy.
Show your working. (1mk)
32. Study the photomicrograph below. Calculate the actual b) State two functions of the body tube of a light
size/diameter of the nucleus in microns (µm). (3mks0 microscope. (2mks)
c) Give a reason why it is not advisable to use water in
cleaning a microscope. (1mk)

33. a) In a laboratory exercise a student observing a drop of

pond water under a microscope saw and drew a spirogyra.
If the magnification of the eye-piece was x5 and that of the
objective lens was x100, what was the magnification of the
spirogyra? (2mks)
b) If the spirogyra has a length of 5cm at the above
magnification, calculate the actual length in micrometers.
(2mks)
34. a) What is cell specialization? (1mk)
b) Why is the palisade layer a tissue? (1mk)
c) Explain how the following cells are structurally adapted
to their functions;
i) Root hair. (1mk)
ii) Guard cell. (1mk)
iii) Palisade cell. (1mk)
iv) Nerve cell. (1mk)
v) Sperm cell. (1mk)
d) Explain the function of the following tissues:
i) Epidermal tissue. (1mk)
ii) Palisade tissue. (1mk)
iii) Vascular tissue. (2mks)
iv) Meristematic tissue. (1mk)
v) Parenchyma tissue. (1mk)
4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY- Revision questions Page 1 of 4
1. a) Distinguish between the cell and cell physiology. (2mks) After 10 minutes the students recorded their observation in a
b) Give advantages of polarization of a cell membrane. (2mks) table as shown below.
c) Explain how the visking tubing is different from the cell Inside the visking Outside the
membrane. (1mk) tubing visking tubing.
2. a) Define the following terms; At the start of the White colour Brown colour
experiment
i) Diffusion. (1mk)
At the end of the Black colour Brown colour.
ii) Osmosis. (1mk) experiment
iii) Active transport. (1mk)
b) Is diffusion energy driven process? Explain. (2mks) a) Name the physiological process being investigated.
3. The diagram below illustrates a cell organelle. Study it and answer (1mk)
the questions that follow. b) Explain the results obtained in the set up. (3mks)
B c) Explain the results expected if the experiment was
repeated using starch solution which has been boiled
A with dilute hydrochloric acid. (2mks)
6. a) Explain four factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (4mks)
B b) Explain two roles of diffusion in human beings. (2mks)
7. The diagrams below show an experimental set-up to investigate a
a) Identify the cell organelle. (1mk) certain process in a plant tissue.
b) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
c) List two functions of the cell organelle identified in (a) above.
(2mks)
d) Give three properties of the organelle identified in (a) above.
(3mks)
e) Explain the structural difference between the cell organelle
shown above and the cell wall of plant cell. (1mk)
f) Explain how the cell organelle identified in (a) above is
adapted to its function. (3mks)
4. The set up below illustrates a certain physiological process. a) Name the process investigated. (1mk)
b) Explain the results obtained after 30 minutes. (4mks)
c) Explain the results that would be obtained if a boiled plant
tissue was used. (2mks)
d) Give four roles of the process named in (a) above in plants.
(4mks)
8. A freshly obtained dandelion stem measuring 5 cm long was split
lengthwise to obtain two similar pieces. The pieces were placed in
solutions of different concentrations in Petri dishes for 20
minutes. The appearance after 20 minutes is as shown.
a) Name the physiological process. (1mk)
b) Give three examples of the process named in a) above in
plants. (3mks)
c) State two ways by which the movement of the dye in the set
up would be slowed down. (2mks)
5. A group of students set up an experiment to demonstrate a certain
process. The experiment was set up as shown in the diagram
below.

Account for the appearance of the pieces in solutions L1 and L2

(6mks)

9. The diagram below shows a set up for an experiment to

demonstrate a certain physiological process.
4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY- Revision questions Page 2 of 4
a) Identify the liquid which is hypotonic to the liquid in the
beaker. (1mk)
b) Explain the observations made in the visking tubing X
and Y. (4mks)
15. Four equal strips A, B, C and D were cut from a potato whose cell
sap concentration was 28% sugar. The strips were placed in sugar
solutions of different concentrations as follows: A- 10%, B-15%,
C- 25% and D- 35%.
a) What changes would you expect in strips A and D?
(a) Name the physiological process investigated. (1mk) (2mk)
(b) What nature of solution is represented by 20% sugar b) Account for the changes in A and D above. (4mks)
solution? (1mk) 16. An experiment was set as shown below.
(c) Explain the observation made on the set up after one
hour (2mks)
(d) Give two roles of the process investigated in animals.
(2mks) Distilled Sugar
water solution
10. Distinguish between the following terms; Sugar Distilled
water
a) Haemolysis and plasmolysis. (2mks) solution

b) Hypertonic solution and hypotonic solution, (2mks)

c) Osmotic pressure and osmotic potential. (2mks) a) What will happen to the visking tubing in M and N after
d) Wall pressure and turgor pressure. (2mks) two hours? (2mk)
11. Describe how turgor pressure builds up. (3mks) b) Explain the observation made in M and N. (4mks)
12. In an investigation, a student extracted three pieces of pawpaw c) What does the visking tubing correspond to the cell?
cylinders using a cork borer. The cylinders were cut back to (1mk)
50mm length and placed in a beaker containing a solution. The 17. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different
results after 40mins were as shown in the table below. concentrations of sodium chloride on human red blood cells.
Equal amounts of blood were added to equal volumes of the salt
Feature Result solution but of different concentrations. The results are shown in
the table below.
Average length of cylinders (mm) 56mm
Sodium chloride Number of Number of
Stiffness of cylinders Stiff concentration cells at the cells at the end
beginning of of the
the experiment experiment
(a) What is the osmotic nature of the solution in which
A 0.9 % Normal No change in
the cylinders were placed? (1mk)
number
(b) Account for results in the table above. (3mks)
B 0.3% Normal Fewer in
(c) What would be a suitable control set-up for the
number
investigation? (1mk)
13. What is meant by each of the following terms?
a) Account for the results set up in
a) Crenated cell. (1mk)
b) Flaccid cell. (1mkk) i) A (2mks)
ii) B. (2mks)
c) Turgid cell. (1mk)
14. The following experiment was set up to demonstrate water b) If the experiment was repeated using 1.4% sodium chloride
solution state the expected results with reference to
relations of plant cells. Two tubes X and Y made of visking tubing i. The number of red blood cells. (1mk)
were filled with different liquids and placed in a beaker containing ii. The appearance of red blood cell if viewed under the
a certain liquid as in the figure below. microscope. (1mk)
c) Explain the observation in (b) (ii) above. (2mks)
18. Explain what will happen to the animal cell if it was placed in:
a) Distilled water. (3mks)
b) Concentrated salt solution. (2mk)
19. Explain what will happen if the plant cell was placed in:
a) Distilled water. (3mks)
After 20 minutes it was found that visking tubing X felt hard b) Concentrated salt solution. (3mks)
and the amount of liquid in it had increased. The visking 20. a) What is wilting? (2mks)
tubing Y was soft and contained less liquid as shown in the b) Explain the importance of wilting to plants. (2mks)
figure.
4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY- Revision questions Page 3 of 4
21. The diagrams below show a red blood cell that was subjected to a b) Explain the observations made after 30 minutes. (2mks)
certain treatment. 27. An experiment was set up in the experiment as show below.

At start of experiment At the end of experiment

a) Account for shape of the cell at the end of the experiment.

(3mks) The set up was left for 30 minutes.
b) Using a diagram to illustrate explain how a plant cell would a) State the expected results. (1mk)
appear if subjected to the same treatment. (3mks) b) Explain your answer in (a) above. (2mks)
28. The diagrams below show the behavior of red blood cell when
22. A student at Enkinda secondary school observed that when sodium placed in a solution.
chloride was poured onto grass, the grass dried up. Explain this
observation in relation to osmosis. (2mks)
23. The diagram below illustrates the appearance of a plant cell after it
had been placed in a certain solution.

Explain the appearance of the cell at the end of the treatment.

(3mks) a) Give the osmotic nature of solutions A and B. (2mks)
b) Name the processes labeled M and N. (2mks)
24. The table below shows the concentration of some ions in pond
29. You are provided with the following materials and reagents:
water and in the cell sap of an aquatic plant growing in the pond.
Ions Concentration in Concentration in cell  A straight portion of fresh banana fruit.
pond water  Two petri dishes.
Iodide 15 30  A scalpel/ razor blade.
Potassium 150 20  Two glass beakers containing liquid E (Distilled
a) Name the process by which the following ions could have water) and liquid F (concentrated salt solution).
been taken up by this plant  Measuring cylinder.
(i) Iodide ions (1mk)  Stop watch.
(ii) Potassium ions. (1mk)
 2 labels.
b) For each processes named in (a) (i) and (ii) above, state one
i) Label the petri dishes E and F.
condition necessary for the process to take place. (2mks)
ii) Place 30 cm3 of liquid E into petri dish E and 30 cm3 of liquid
25. a) List four roles of active transport in the human body. (4mks)
F into Petri dish F.
b) Distinguish between active transport and diffusion. (3mks) iii) Using the scalpel, prepare four thin straight flat strips from
c) Why is oxygen important in the process of active transport the raw banana peel.
in cells? (1mk) iv) Each strip should measure about 3 cm by 2mm as shown
d) Is active transport energy-driven process? Explain. (2mks) below.
26. Students set up an experiment as illustrated below.
2mm
3cm

Note: To get a straight, flat, thin strip, remove all the banana flesh,
leaving only the peel.

v) Immerse two strips in petri dish E and the other two in petri
dish F and leave the set up undisturbed for 10 minutes.
a) i) State your observations in petri dishes E and F after 10
minutes.
Petri dish E. (1mk)
Petri dish F. (1mk)
a) Name the physiological process that resulted in the observation
ii) Account for the observations made in a)(i) above.
made after 30 minutes. (1mk)
4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY- Revision questions Page 4 of 4
Petri dish E. (3mks)
Petri dish F. (3mks)
b) Describe the nature of liquids E and F in relation to the
sap in banana peel used in the experiment.
E. (1mk)
F. (1mk)
c) With reference to the observation made, compare the
nature of the outer and inner surfaces of the banana
peel. (1mk)
d) i) Name the cell structure responsible for the
observation made in this experiment. (1mk)
ii) Explain how the cell structure named in (d) (i) above
works to bring about the observation made. (2mks)
30. In investigating a certain process, students set up the apparatus as
shown below and made the observations after 30 minutes as
illustrated.

a) Name the physiological process being investigated. (1mk)

b) Account for the observation made at the end of the
experiment. (3mks)
c) State the likely identity of G. (1mk)
31. a) Sketch a graph on the axis below showing how temperature
affects the rate of diffusion. (1mk)

b) Account for the shape of the sketch made in a) above.

(2mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 1 of 10
1. a) Define the following terms: d) Explain two adaptations of aquatic plants to photosynthesis.
i) Photosynthesis. (1mk) (2mks)
ii) Chemosynthesis. (1mk) e) Explain why most leaves are thin with broad surface. (1mk)
iii) Heterotrophism. (1mk)
f) Name the tissue which:
b) Explain the importance of nutrition. (1mk)
c) How does nutrition as a characteristic of living organisms differ in plants i) Transports water from the roots. (1mk)
and animals? (2mks) ii) Transports sugars to the rest of the plant. (1mk)
d) Explain why insectivorous plants such as Drosera species trap and digest 4. a) List two conditions necessary for photosynthesis. (2mks)
insects. (1mk) b) i) List two requirements/ raw materials for photosynthesis.
e) Give three structural differences between monocot and dicot leaf. (2mks)
(3mks) ii) State the sources of the raw materials named in b) i) above.
2. The diagram below represents internal structure of the leaf. Study it (2mks)
and answer the questions that follow. c) Describe:
i) Light stage of photosynthesis. (3mks)
A ii) Dark stage of photosynthesis. (2mks)
B d) Name one end product of:
C i) Light stage of photosynthesis. (1mk)
ii) Dark stage of photosynthesis. (1mk)
e) Explain the fate/ end results of products of photosynthesis.
Vascular (4mks)
bundle f) Explain why plants will not photosynthesise in the dark. (1mk)
D g) Explain why it’s an advantage for the plant to store
carbohydrates as starch rather than as sugars/ glucose. (1mk)
h) State one way in which the dark reactions of photosynthesis
depends on light reaction. (1mk)
5. a) Explain the importance of the following in photosynthesis;
E i) Light. (2mks)
a) Name the parts labeled A-E. (5mks) ii) Chlorophyll. (1mk)
b) Give three functions of the part labeled A. (3mks) iii) Carbon (IV) oxide. (1mk)
c) How is part labeled B adapted to its function? (5mks) iv) Guard cells. (1mk)
d) Explain the structural adaptation of the cells labeled E. v) Stomata. (1mk)
(2mks) b) Explain how the following processes affect the rate of
e) Explain two ways in which the cells labeled E differ from photosynthesis:
other epidermal cells. (2mks) i) Chlorophyll concentration. (2mks)
f) Explain the adaptation of the layer labeled D to its function. ii) Temperature. (2mks)
(2mks) iii) Light intensity. (1mk)
g) Explain the role of vascular bundle in nutrition. (2mks) iv) Carbon (IV) oxide concentration. (1mk)
h) Name three cells in a leaf which contain chloroplasts/ which c) The diagram below represents a leaf obtained from a
carry out photosynthesis. (3mks) certain plant.
i) Name two plant cells that lack chloroplasts. (2mks)
3. The following diagram of a leaf shows what happens in a plant leaf
during photosynthesis.

i) Account for the observation made if the leaf was tested for
starch. (2mks)
ii) Name two mineral elements that are necessary in the synthesis
of chlorophyll. (2mks)
6. a) A leaf of a potted plant kept in darkness for 48hours was smeared
a) Name the gases labelled X and Y. (2mks)
with Vaseline jelly then exposed to sunlight for 8hours. Explain why
b) Explain the adaptations of the leaf to photosynthesis. (8mks)
the test for starch in the leaf was negative. (1mk)
c) List three adaptations of leaves that maximize efficiency in
b) Name two other processes that were interfered with in the
trapping sunlight for photosynthesis. (3mks)
plant. (2mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 2 of 10
7. The chemical equation below represents a physiological process that
takes place in living organisms:

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + Q

a) Name the process. (1mk)
b) Name the substance Q. (1mk)
8. The following reaction may occur in a forward and backward
direction.
Water + Carbon (IV) Oxide Glucose + Oxygen +
Energy a) State the process that was being investigated. (1mk)
a) Name the organelle where the reaction occurs in:
b) Why was sodium hydrogen carbonate used during the
(i) Forward direction. (1mk)
(ii) Backward direction. (1mk) experiment?
b) Give one difference and one similarity for the two organelles c) Why was aquatic plant (elodea) plant used instead of
named in (a) above. (2mks) terrestrial plant? (2mks)
9. The diagram below represents a plant cell. d) i) Name the gas produced. (1mk)
ii) State the confirmatory test of the gas identified in c) i). (1mk)
e) State two factors that would affect the process investigated.
(2mks)
f) Name two other factors that can be tested using the set up
above. (2mks)
12. A group of students placed a fresh leaf in warm water. They observed
that air bubbles formed on the surface of the leaf.
Identify the cell. (1mk) a) What biological process were they investigating? (1mk)
a) Name the parts labelled X and Y. (2mks) b) Name the structures from which the air bubbles were
b) Suggest why the structures labelled X would be more on one side coming from. (1mk)
than the other. (1mk) c) Explain the distribution of the structures named in b) above
10. The diagram below represents a cell organelle. on the leaf surfaces of a land plant. (2mks)
13. Students set up the experiment as shown below.

Leaf A

Leaf B
a) Identify the organelle. (1mk)
b) State the role of the organelle. (1mk)
c) Name the part labeled X and Y. (2mk)
d) State the function of each of the part labeled X and Y. Leaf A was covered with aluminum foil while leaf B was left
(2mks) uncovered. The plant was put in the dark for 48 hours then
e) Explain three adaptations of the organelle shown above to its transferred to the light for 3 hours after which a food test was
carried out on the leaf.
function. (3mks)
a) Which process was being investigated? (1mk)
f) Name the part of the organelle where the following
b) Which factor was being investigated in the experiment? (1mk)
processes take place;
c) What food test was carried out on the leaf? (1mk)
i) Carbon (IV) oxide fixation. (1mk)
d) Why was the leaf placed in the dark for 48 hours? (1mk)
ii) Photolysis. (1mk)
e) Why was the plant transferred to the light? (1mk)
11. The diagram below represents a set up that was used to investigate
f) Why was leaf B left uncovered? (1mk)
certain process in a plant.
g) Explain the results obtained in leaf A and B when tested for
starch. (4mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 3 of 10
14. The set-up below illustrates a procedure that was carried out in the
laboratory with a leaf plucked from a green plant that had been
growing in sunlight.

(a) Why was it necessary to keep the plant in the dark for 24
hours? (1mk)
(b) Give the function of each of the following in the experiment:
(i) Sodium hydroxide. (1mk)
(ii) Sodium hydrogen corbonate. (1mk)
a) What was the purpose of the procedure? (1mk) (c) Explain the expected results:
b) Give reasons for carrying out steps A, B and C in this (i) When leaf M is tested for starch? (2mks)
procedure? (3mks) (ii) When leaf N is tested for starch? (2mks) (d)
Suggest a suitable control for this experiment. (1mk)
c) Name the reagent that was used at the step labeled D. (1mk)
17. A potted plant was kept in the dark for 48 hours. The two leaves X
d) State the expected result on the leaf after adding the reagent
and Y were treated as shown in the diagram below.
named iii) above. (1mk)
15. In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis, a
potted plant which had been kept in the dark overnight was treated as
shown in the diagram below and exposed to light.

The experiment set-up was kept in sunlight for 6 hours after which a starch
test was carried out on the two leaves.
a) What was the role of potassium hydroxide in the set up/ (1mk)
b) What were the results of the starch test on leaves X and Y?
(2mks)
a) Why was the potted plant kept in the dark overnight? (1mk) c) Give reasons for your answers in b) above. (2mks)
b) Which factor was being investigated in the experiment?(1mk) 18. The concentration of carbon IV oxide in a tropical forest was
c) i) Which test did the students perform to confirm photosynthesis measured during the course of 24 hour period from mid-night. The
in the leaves labeled A and B? (1mk) graph below shows the results obtained.
ii) State the results obtained in the leaves labeled A and B. (2mks)
iii) Explain the results obtained in the leaves labeled A and B.
(2mks)
d) What is the purpose of leaf B in the experiment? (1mk)
Carbon (IV) oxide
Concentration

e) Explain the expected result for starch in leaf A if sodium

hydrogen carbonate is used instead of sodium hydroxide? (2mks)

16. A healthy plant was kept in the dark for 24hours following which two
of its leaves were enclosed in glass flasks as shown below. The set up
was the exposed to sunlight for a number of hours.

12.00 noon Midnight

Midnight
Account for the results obtained at:
a) Midnight. (2mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 4 of 10
b) At 12.00 noon. (2mks) b) State the role of the syringe in the set-up above. (1mk)
19. The chart below shows the relationship between concentration of CO 2 c) (i) Name gas X
around the plant and the rate of photosynthesis. (ii) Write an equation to show how gas X was formed
in the set-up. (1mk)
d) Give a reason why the test tube is immersed in a beaker
of water. (1mk)
22. In an investigation, two potted plants G and H belonging to the same
species were exposed to increasing light intensities at different
temperatures, 30oC and 20oC respectively. The rate off photosynthesis
was measured for each plant and results recorded as shown in the table
below.

Light intensity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(in arbitrary
(a) Account for the rate of photosynthesis between D-E. (2mks) units)
Rate of 0 84 148 196 232 260 284 296
(b) Account for the rate of photosynthesis between F-G . photosynthesis
(2mks) for plant G at
20. The diagram below shows the effect of varying light intensity on the 30oC
exchange of carbon IV oxide between the leaves of a green plant and Rate of 0 72 115 148 170 186 204 216
photosynthesis
the atmosphere.
for plant H at
20oC
a) On the same axis, plot graphs of rate of photosynthesis against
light intensity for plants G and H. (8mks)
b) State the aim of the investigation. (1mk)
c) Account for the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in the
two plants. (3mks)
d) Account for the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in the
two plants between the following light intensities:
i) 1-4 units. (2mks)
ii) 4-8 units. (2mks)
e) i) Predict the rate of photosynthesis at light intensity of 16 units.
(1mk)
ii) Give a reason for your answer in e) i) above. (1mk)
a) What is the name given to the point marked x? (1mk) f) State one internal and one external factor that could be limiting
b) i) With reference to carbon IV oxide exchange, state what happens at the investigation. (2mks)
point x. (1mk) 23. The diagram below shows an experiment that was carried out to
ii) Explain how the effect observed at point x occurs. (1mk) measure how fast were plant such as Elodea photosynthesizes.

c) Explain why there is a net uptake of carbon IV oxide at light intensity

above x. (2mks)
d) What would happen to the plant if light intensity falling on it were
maintained at x throughout? (2mks)
e) What can you say about the exchange of oxygen between the plant and
the surrounding air at intensities below x? (2mks)
21. Form one students from Enkinda School arranged their apparatus as The shoot was exposed to different light intensities and the
shown below, to investigate a certain phenomenon. The set up was rate of photosynthesis estimated by counting the number of
placed in light. bubbles of gas leaving the shoot in a given time and the results
are given below;
Number of 7 14 20 24 26 27 27 27
bubbles per
minute
Light 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
intensity in
arbitrary
units
a) Plot a graph of number of bubbles per minute against light
a) State the likely aim of the set up. (1mk) intensity. (6mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 5 of 10
b) At what light intensity did the shoot produce: (I) Label the four test tubes as follows:
i) 18 bubbles per minute. (1mk) i) Test tube 1, D + Iodine.
ii) 25 bubbles per minute. (1mk) ii) Test tube 2, D + E + Iodine.
c) Give two better ways of measuring the rate of photosynthesis
iii) Test tube 3, D + Benedict’s solution.
than counting bubbles. (2mks)
d) What is the role of light intensity in photosynthesis? (1mk) iv) Test tube 4, D + E + Benedict’s solution.
e) Account for the expected results of doing this experience at
(II) Put 1 cm3 of solution D in each of the four test tubes.
the following temperature; (III) To the D + Iodine test tube, add one drop of iodine and
i) 4ºC (1mk) shake to mix.
ii) 34ºC. (1mk) (IV) To the D + E + Iodine test tube, add 1 cm3 of solution E and
iii) 60ºC. (1mk) two drops of iodine solution. Shake to mix.
f) Other than light intensity and temperature, name two factors (V) To the D + Benedict’s solution test tube, add 1 cm3 of
that affect the rate of photosynthesis. (2mks)
24. In an investigation, equal amounts of water was placed in three test benedict’s solution and shake to mix.
tubes labeled G,H and J. Pond weeds of equal length were dropped in
(VI) To the D + E + Benedict’s solution test tube, add 1 cm3 of
each test tube. The test tubes were then placed in identical conditions solution E and 1 cm3 of Benedict’s solution. Shake to mix.
of light and carbon (IV) oxide at different temperatures for five
(VII) Observe the changes in each of the four test tubes.
minutes. After five minutes, the bubbles produced in each test tube
(VIII) Put all the four test tubes in the hot water bath and observe
were counted for one minute. The results were as shown in the table carefully for 5 minutes.
below. a) Record the observation and conclusion for each of the
four test tubes in the table below.
Test tube Temperature Number of bubbles
(0c) No Test tube Observation Conclusion
1. D + Iodine.
G 20 28
2. D + E + Iodine.
H 35 42
3. D + Benedict’s solution.
J 55 10
4. D + E + Benedict’s
a) i) Name one requirement for this process that is not mentioned in
solution.
the investigation. (1mk)
ii) Name the gas produced in this investigation. (1mk) b) What was the role of each of the following in the
b) Account for the results in test tubes H and J. (2mks) experiment;
25. You are provided with a sample of food substance labeled X (Mixture i) Solution E. (1mk)
of wheat flour and glucose), solution J (Iodine solution), solution K ii) Hot water bath. (1mk)
(Benedict’s solution) and solution L (Biuret’s reagent). Carry out tests c) Give the identity of E in human beings. (1mk)
on the food sample to identify the type of food substances present. d) Explain the observation made on the reagents tested
(9mks) with benedict’s solution. (2mks)
28. a) Give two differences between monosaccharides and
Food Procedure Observation Conclusion polysaccharides. (2mks)
substance b) List two roles of each of the following:
i) Carbohydrates. (2mks)
ii) Proteins. (2mks)
iii) Lipids. (2mks)
c) State the form in which carbohydrates are:
26. You are provided with a food substance labeled solution C (mixture i) Transported in animals. (1mk)
sucrose and milk). Using the reagents provided (Benedict’s solution, ii) Transported in plants. (1mk)
Hcl, NaHCO3, copper II sulphate and Sodium hydroxide), carry out iii) Stored in animal tissues/ muscles. (1mk)
the tests to identify the food substances present in the sample. iv) Stored in plant cells. (1mk)
(12mks) 29. a) The diagram below shows chemical reactions I, and II which are
Test for Procedure Observation conclusion controlled by enzymes
Reducing GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE
sugars
Non- reducing
sugars Enzyme B Reaction II
Proteins

27. You are provided with a 250ml beaker, 4 test tubes solution D
(starch), solution E (Amylase), iodine and benedict’s solution. SUCROSE + WATER
Half fill the beaker with hot water provided to create a hot water bath. i) Name reaction II. (1mk)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 6 of 10
ii) Name the enzyme labeled B. (1mk) 31. The figure shows the effect of temperature on an enzyme catalyzed
b) A solution of sugar cane was boiled with hydrochloric acid and reaction.
sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to the solution, which was
then boiled with Benedict’s solution. An orange precipitate was
formed.
i) Why was the solution boiled with hydrochloric acid and then
sodium hydrogen carbonate added in it? (2mks)
ii) To which class of carbohydrates does sugar cane belong? (1mk)
30. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature
on the rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. The results are as
shown below.
Temperature (oC) Rate of reaction in mg of
products per unit time. D
5 0.2
10 0.5
15 0.8
20 1.1
25 1.5 a) Explain what happens between;
30 2.1 i) A and B. (2mks)
35 3.0 ii) C and D. (2mks)
b) What is X? (1mk)
40 3.7
32. The graph below shows the effect of substrate concentration of the
45 3.4
rate of enzyme reaction.
50 2.8
55 2.1
60 1.1

a) Plot a graph of rate of reaction against temperature. (6mks)

b) When was the rate of reaction 2.6 mg of products per unit time?
(2mks)
c) Account for the shape of the graph between:
i) 5 oC and 40 oC. (2mks)
ii) 45 oC and 60 oC. (3mks)
d) Other than temperature, name two ways in which the rate of
enzyme reaction between 5 oC and 40 oC could be increased. a) Account for the shape of the graph between;
(2mks)
i) A and B. (2mks)
e) i) Name one digestive enzyme in the human body which works
best in acidic condition. (1mk) ii) B and C. (2mks)
ii) How is the acidic condition for the enzyme in e) i) above b) How can the rate of reaction be increased after point B? (1mk)
attained? (2mks) c) State two other factors that affect the rate of enzyme reaction.
f) The acidic condition in e) ii) above is later neutralized. (2mks)
i) Where does the neutralization take place? (1mk) 33. a) State two factors that denature enzymes. (2mks)
ii) Name the substance responsible for the neutralization. b) Give three properties of enzymes. (3mks)
(1mk) c) Explain four factors that affect enzyme activity. (4mks)
d) i) State the function for co-factors in cell metabolism. (1mk)
ii) Give one example of a metallic co – factor. (1mk)
e) State three ways by which the rate of enzyme controlled
reactions can be increased. (3mks)
f) State the collective name of the enzymes that work on:
i) Carbohydrates. (1mk)
ii) Proteins. (1mk)
iii) Lipids. (1mk)
g) ) Name the food substrate for the following enzymes:
i) Pepsin. (1mk)
ii) Amylase. (1mk)
iii) Lipase. (1mk)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 7 of 10
h) A biological washing detergent contains enzymes which 37. The table below shows three enzymes A, B and C and their respective
remove stains like mucus and oils from clothes which are soaked optimum pH.
in water with the detergent. Enzyme Optimum pH
i) Name two groups of enzymes that are present in A 6.8
detergent. (2mks) B 2.0
ii) Explain why stains would be removed faster with C 8.0
the detergent in water at 35oC rather than at
15oC. (1mk) a) Name the most likely region of the alimentary canal of a mammal
where enzyme B would be found.(1mk)
34. Below is a process that takes place along the mammalian digestive
b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) above. (1mk)
system: 38. a) Differentiate between homodont and heterodont. (2mks)
b) A certain animal has no incisors, no canines, 6 premolars and 6
A molars in its upper jaw. In the lower jaw there are 6 incisors, 2
canines, 6 Premolars and six molars. Write its dental formula.
(2mks)
Lipids Fatty acids + glycerol c) Write the dental formula of human beings. (1mk)
d) i) Identify the mode of feeding of the animal whose dental
formula is given below. (1mk)
(a) Name the processes Brepresented by A and B. (2mks) 0 0 3 2
b) Name the enzyme that catalyzes the process labeled a. (1mk) I , C , PM , M
2 0 3 2
c) Name the part of alimentary canal where the process labeled A ii) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) (i) above. (2mks)
takes place. (1mk) iii) Give the total number of teeth for the animal whose dental
d) What happens to excess fatty acids and glycerol in the body? formula is illustrated above. (1mk)
(1mk) e) Which sets of teeth would be used in chewing sugarcane for
e) In an investigation, the pancreatic duct of a mammal was maximum extraction of sap? (2mks)
blocked. It was found that the blood sugar regulation remained 39. The diagrams below illustrate mammalian teeth. Study them and
normal while food digestion was impaired. Explain these
answer the questions that follow.
observations. (2mks) K
35. The diagram below illustrates a mode of nutrition in amoeba. Study it J
and answer the questions that follow. L

A
Pseudopodium B
a) Name the type of nutrition illustrated. (1mk)
b) Explain the type of nutrition named in a) above. (2mks) a) With a reason, identify the teeth named A and B above.
c) Name four other heterotrophic modes of nutrition. (4mks) (4mks)
36. In an experiment to investigate on aspect of digestion, two test tubes b) Explain one adaptation of each tooth to its function.
A and B were set-up as shown in the diagram below. The test tubes (4mks)
were left in the bath for 30minutes. The content of each test tube was c) Name the parts labeled J, K and L in tooth B. (3mks)
then tested for starch using iodine solution d) Give one function of the parts labeled J, K and L.
(3mks)
e) Name the substance that is responsible for hardening of
teeth. (1mk)
f) Name two dental diseases. (2mks)
40. The diagram below represents the lower jaw of a mammal

a) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mk)

b) What results were expected in test-tube A and B? (2mks)
c) Account of the results you have given in (b) above in test
tube A and B. (2mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 8 of 10
a) Name the mode of nutrition of the mammal whose jaw is shown g) State the symptoms of the following diseases in human
(1mk) beings:
b) State one structural and one functional difference between the i) Pellagra. (1mk)
teeth labelled J and L. (2mks) ii) Scurvy. (3mks)
c) i) Name the toothless gap labeled K. (1mk) iii) Beriberi. (3mks)
h) Explain four factors that determine energy requirements in
ii) State the function of the gap named in c) i) above. (1mk)
d) Explain the adaptation of carnassial teeth. (2mks) human beings. (4mks)
e) State two adaptations of herbivores which enable them to digest 43. The diagram below shows how food boles move along the human
cellulose. (2mks) oesophagus and the intestine
41. a) Define the term digestion. (1mk)
b) Name three salivary glands in human beings. (3mks)
c) List five roles of saliva in man. (5mks)
d) The action of ptyalin stops in the stomach. Explain. (1mk)
e) In an investigation, the pancreatic duct of a mammal was
blocked. It was found that the blood sugar regulation remained
normal while food digestion was impaired. Explain these
observations. (2mks)
f) Explain how the stomach adapted to:
i) Churning. (2mks)
ii) Protein digestion. (2mks)
g) State two functions of large intestines in humans. (2mks)
h) State two functions of bile juice in the digestion of food.
(2mks) a) Identify the process illustrated in the diagram. (1mk)
i) Name the features that increase the surface area of small b) Briefly explain how the movement of food boles from position 1
intestines. (2mks) to position 2 is achieved. (2mks)
j) State the role of emulsification in the digestion of fats in the c) i) Name one component of a person’s diet that assists in the
alimentary canal. (1mk) movement of food described in (b) above. (1mk)
k) What is the function of the following in the alimentary canal? ii) Explain the effect of lack of the component named in c(i) above. (2mks)
i) Muscles. (2mks) 44. The diagram below represents part of the human digestive system.
ii) Hydrochloric acid. (1mk)
iii) Mucus. (1mk)
l) Describe how the mammalian small intestine is adapted to its P
function. (20mks) N
m) Describe what happens to a meal rich in protein along the
alimentary canal from ingestion to egestion. (20mks)
n) Describe digestion of carbohydrate in human body. (20mks)
o) Describe the digestion of lipids/ fats/ oils in human body.
T R
(10mks)
42. a) State four uses of digested food in the bodies of animals. (4mks)
b) State four uses of water in the bodies of animals. (4mks)
c) Give two groups of food which are reabsorbed along the
mammalian digestive system without undergoing digestion.
(2mks)
d) Name the disease caused by deficiency of: a) Name the parts labeled K, L, M, N, P, R, T (7mks)
i) Iodine. (1mk)
b) i) Name the substance stored in the organ labeled K. (1mk)
ii) Vitamin C. (1mk)
iii) Vitamin D. (1mk) ii) State the function of the substance named in b) i) above. (1mk)
iv) Iron. (1mk) c) State two functions of the organ labeled N. (2mks)
d) Name a fat soluble vitamin manufactured by the human d) i) Name two enzymes produced in the organ labeled N. (2mks)
body. (1mk) ii) State the role of each of the enzyme named in d)i) above.
e) State the role of the following vitamins in human body: (2mks)
e) State the part off the alimentary canal shown above where the
i) Vitamin C. (3mks)
ii) Vitamin K. (1mk) following processes take place;
iii) Vitamin A. (1mk) i) Churning. (1mk)
f) State the role of the following minerals: ii) Emulsification. (1mk)
i) Potassium. (1mk) f) i) State two roles of the part labeled T. (2mks)
ii) Calcium. (1mk) ii) Explain two adaptations of the part labeled T. (4mks)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 9 of 10
iii) Explain the role of three enzymes secreted in the part labeled
T. (3mks)
g) i) Name two enzymes secreted by organ labeled M. (2mks)
ii) State one role of each of the enzymes named in g)i) above.
(2mks)
45. The diagram below illustrates a process that takes place in the
alimentary canal. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Lipids Small fat droplets
a) Identify the process shown above. (1mk) a) Name the structures labeled A and B. (2mks)
b) Name the part of alimentary canal where the process b) State the function of part labeled B. (1mk)
identified above takes place. (1mk) c) Explain how the structure labeled A is structurally adapted
c) Name the substance which brings about the process named to its functions. (4mks)
in a) above. (1mk)
d) What is the significance of the process identified above? 48. An experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of
two dry powder animals feeds X and Y over a period of six months.
(1mk)
Twenty 5 month’s old castrated goats were use. The goats were
e) Is the process identified above physical or chemical divided into two equal groups A and B. The animals in group A were
digestion? (1mk) fed on feed X throughout the experiment while those of group B were
46. Below is a photograph of a dissected mammal. Examine the fed on feed Y. The feeds were supplemented with dry hay and water.
photograph. The average body weight of each group of goats and the weight of the
dry powder feeds were determined and recorded each month. The
faeces produced by each group was dried and weighed and the average
dry faecal output per month was also recorded. The results are as
shown below
GROUP A GROUP B
Month Avera Avera Average Avera Averag Averag
s since ge ge monthly ge e e
comm total weight dry total weight monthl
encem weigh of faecal weigh of total y dry
ent of t of total output t of feed faecal
the goats ( feed (kg) goats (kg) output
experi kg) (kg) (kg) ( kg)
ment
0 20.4 26.7 10.5 20.5 35.4 16.5
1 22.5 27.5 10.7 19.5 34.3 17.7
2 24.5 25.8 10.3 19.0 35.2 17.2
3 26.3 18.5 8.8 18.5 36.1 17.5
4 28.0 16.6 7.2 17.1 36.0 16.9
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C D and G. (5mks) 5 29.4 16.3 6.0 16.3 35.8 16.8
(b) State the function of the structures labelled E and F. (1mk) 6 29.5 16.1 5.6 15.6 35.5 16.6
(c) In the photograph label the structure where vitamin K is a) What is the relationship between the amount of feed and the
produced. (1mk) faecal output? (1mk)
(d) (i) Name the sex of the mammal in the photograph. (1mk) b) Work out the average increase in weight for the animals in group
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (d) (i) above. (1mk)
A during:
(e) (i) The actual length of the dissecting scissors in the photographs
is 15 cm. Calculate the magnification of the photograph. (2mks) i) The first four months. (2mks)
(ii) Calculate the actual length of the mammal from the tip of the ii) The last two months. (2mks)
nose to point X on the tail. (2mks) c) Account for the average increase weight in goats in group A
47. The diagram below represents a longitudinal section through the ileum during the:
wall. d) i) First four months. (2mks)
ii) The last two months. (2mks)
e) i) Which of the two feeds is more nutritious? (1mk)
ii) Give a reason for your answer. (1mk)
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS- Revision Questions Page 10 of 10
49. You are provided with a visking tubing, solution L (mixture of starch 53. The diagram below illustrates the human digestive system.
and glucose) Iodine solution, Benedict’s solution and a piece of thread.
Tie one end of the visking tubing tightly using the thread provided.
With the help of a syringe, put 10 ml of the solution labeled L into
the visking tubing. Tie the other end of the visking tubing tightly.
Ensure that there is no leakage at both ends of the visking tubing.
Wash the outside of the visking tubing with water. Place the visking
tubing upright in a 100 ml beaker. Add distilled water into the
beaker to reach the level of the liquid in the visking tubing. Allow the
set up to stand for 30 minutes or more.
(a) Using 2ml in a test-tube in each case test for the food substance in the
liquid outside the visking tubing using. (6mks)

TEST Procedure Observations Conclusion

Iodine a) Label with Y on the diagram where enzyme amylase is produced.
solution (2mks)
b) Besides the digestive role, explain one other function of the part
Benedict’s
labelled H. (2mks)
solution
54. The table below shows the rate of product formation for two
(b) Using 2ml in a test-tube in each case, test for the food substance in the
enzymes, H and J over a range of pH values.
contents of the visking tubing using (6mks) pH 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
TEST Procedure Observations Conclusion Rate of 34.5 40.5 33.5 15.0 - - - - - -
Iodine product
solution formation for
enzyme H
Benedict’s (mg/hr)
solution Rate of - - - 15.0 20.0 30.0 40.5 23.5 11.0 6.0
(c) Account for your results in (a) and (b) above. product
(3mks) formation for
enzyme J
50. You are provided with the following materials and reagents. (mg/hr)
3 test tubes on a rack a) On the same axis, plot graphs of the rate of product formation
Dilute egg albumen against pH. (8mks)
Dilute hydrochloric acid with a dropper b) Account for the rate of product formation for enzyme H
Sodium hydroxide solution with a dropper between:
Solution P (protease) i) pH 1.0 and 3.0 (3mks)
2 droppers ii) pH 3.0 and 7.0 (3mks)
Three 10ml measuring cylinders c) From the graph, determine:
Stop watch i) the pH value at which the rate of product formation of the two
Water bath maintained at 50oC to 60oC enzymes was the same. (1mk)
3 labels ii) the value of the rate of the product formation for enzymes H
i) Label the test tubes A, B and C. and J at the pH value stated in c) i) above. (1mk)
ii) Put 2cm3 of egg albumen into each of the test tubes A, B and C. iii) the optimum pH value for enzyme J. (1mk)
iii) Add 1 ml of solution P (Protease) in each of the test tubes. d) State one variable that may lead to the change in the optimum
iv) Into test tube A, add two drops of sodium hydroxide. rate of product-formation of the two enzymes. (1mk)
v) Into test tube B, add two drops of hydrochloric acid. e) Suggest with a reason, the likely part of the human alimentary
vi) Into test tube C, add 2 drops of water. canal where enzyme H would be found. (2mks)
vii) Place all the three test tubes in the water bath for 10 minutes. 55. The diagrams below illustrate the photographs of mammals. State the
a) i) State the observations made in test tubes A and B. (2mks) diet of the mammals from which the photographs N and P were
ii) Account for the observations made in; obtained, giving a reason in each case. (4mks)
Test tube A. (3mks)
Test tube B. (3mks)
b) Explain why the investigation was carried out at a specific
temperature range. (1mk)
c) State the purpose of test tube C. (1mk)
d) i) With a reason, identify solution P. (2mks)
ii) Name the likely part of the alimentary canal where the
process in this experiment occurs. (1mk)
iii) Give a reason for your answer in (d) (ii) above. (1mk)
51. Distinguish between chemical and mechanical digestion. (1mk)
52. Name the type of tooth in carnivores mainly used for piercing and
killing the preys. (1mk)