PUMPS AND ITS TYPES

PRESENTED BY: MAHAM ASHFAQ

23013123-005
WHAT ARE PUMPS
A device that move fluid (liquids and gases ) from one place to another by applying mechanical force.
Different types of pumps used in industries depend on their:
• Flow rate
• Pressure
• Fluid properties
• Energy efficiency
• maintenance
 PUMPS

POSITIVE
DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENT
PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL AXIAL FLOW TURBINE RECIPROCATING ROTATORY

PISTON PLUNGER DIAPHRAGM GEAR SCREW VANE

Dynamic pumps:
also known as kinetic pumps, are a type of pump that move fluid by imparting kinetic energy to the fluid through mechanical means. This energy
is then converted to pressure energy, which helps to transport the fluid through the system.
Operation Principle:
They operate on the principle of converting rotational energy (from a motor) into kinetic energy, which is then converted into pressure. This is
achieved through rotating impellers.
Applications:
Dynamic pumps are widely used in various industries for applications such as water supply, wastewater treatment, chemical processing, and
more, due to their ability to handle large volumes of fluid.
Advantages:
They are generally efficient for high flow rates, and can be easily controlled for varying flow rates.
Limitations:
They may not perform well at low flow rates or when handling high-viscosity fluids. They can also be susceptible to cavitation if not properly
designed or operated within their limits

DYNAMIC

CENTRIFUGAL AXIAL FLOW TURBINE

TYPES OF DYNAMIC PUMPS
1. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device that converts rotational kinetic energy, typically from a motor, into hydrodynamic energy of a
fluid. It uses a rotating impeller to increase the velocity of the fluid, which is then directed into a volute or diffuser to convert that velocity into
pressure.
Uses
common in water supply ,irrigation ,cooling system ,moving slurry mixtures in mining operations.
Purpose:
To transport fluid in a steady ,continuous flow with moderate pressure.
Benefits:
• Simple and cost effective design
• Efficient for high flow,low viscosity fluids.
• Low maintenance requirements.
Drawbacks:
• Limited to low to moderate pressure applications
• Not suitable for high viscosity fluids
• May lose prime if air enters the system
 2.AXIAL FLOW PUMP:
Axial flow pumps move fluid in a direction parallel to the pump shaft, using propeller-like impellers to
produce high flow rates at low pressure.
Purpose:-
To provide high flow rates with minimal pressure changes.
Uses:-
Common in applications like irrigation, flood control, drainage, and circulation in cooling towers.
Benefits:-
High flow rates, ideal for applications requiring large volumes of fluid.Suitable for low-head applications
where minimal pressure is needed. Compact design with fewer moving parts.
Drawbacks:-
Limited to low-pressure applications.- Not suitable for high-viscosity fluids.- Generally less efficient for
applications requiring high pressure
3.TURBINE PUMP:
Turbine pumps use a combination of centrifugal and axial flow design, utilizing multiple stages of small impellers to
achieve high heads at relatively low flow rates.
Purpose:-
To achieve high-pressure applications with low-to-moderate flow rates, especially in clean water systems.
Uses:- Commonly used in high-pressure water systems, boiler feed, irrigation, and cooling water circulation.
Benefits:- Capable of achieving high pressures, even at lower flow rates. - Compact design allows for efficient space
usage.- Ideal for applications requiring high head with moderate flow.
Drawbacks:- Not suitable for handling solids or abrasive materials.- Higher maintenance compared to single-stage
centrifugal pumps.- Limited to clean fluids due to sensitivity to particles.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP:
Positive displacement pump is a type of pump that move fluid by trapping a fixed volume of liquid in a chamber and forcing it to discharge
line with each cycle of operation.
Operation Principle-
Mechanism: Positive displacement pumps operate by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and displacing it through the pump's discharge. This is
achieved using various mechanisms, such as gears, pistons, or diaphragms
Applications
Oil and Gas Transporting crude oil and petroleum products, Chemical Processing: Moving chemicals and solvents in manufacturing
processes.- Water Treatment Feeding chemicals for water purification.
Advantages-
Delivers a consistent flow rate, ideal for applications requiring accurate dosing.
Versatility: Can handle a wide range of fluid viscosities and properties.
Limitations-
Some types can require more maintenance due to wear on moving parts, Flow rate can decrease if the system pressure exceeds the pump's
capacity, Extremely high-viscosity fluids may cause issues with certain designs
1.RECIPROCATING PUMPS:
A reciprocating pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses a back-and-forth motion (reciprocating action) to move fluid. It
consists of a piston or plunger that moves within a cylinder, drawing in fluid during one stroke and displacing it during the other. This
mechanism allows it to handle varying fluid pressures and flow rates efficiently.

RECIPROCATING

PISTON PLUNGER DIAPHRAGM

1. PISTON PUMP:
A piston pump is a type of reciprocating pump that uses one or more pistons to move fluids by creating pressure through back-and-forth
motion within a cylinder. of liquid or gas.
Types:
Single-acting Piston Pump one side of the piston moves fluid.
Double-acting Piston Pump- both sides of the piston move fluid.
Uses:
Suitable for applications requiring high pressure, such as hydraulic systems, pressure washing, and industrial cleaning
.Drawbacks:
Complex design, which can lead to higher maintenance, Piston seals are prone to wear over time, especially with abrasive or acidic fluids.
Purpose: Provides high-pressure pumping of low- to medium-viscosity fluids.
Benefits:
Capable of very high pressures, up to thousands of psi , Delivers a steady flow with minimal pulsation,.Can handle a variety of fluids, including
slightly viscous ones and slurries.
2.PLUNGER PUMP:
A plunger pump is a type of positive displacement pump that uses a reciprocating plunger (or piston) to move fluids through a
cylindrical chamber. Each stroke of the plunger creates a suction that draws fluid into the chamber, then pushes it out under
high pressure during the return stroke.
Uses:
Ideal for applications where extreme pressure is needed, like oil and gas pipelines, high-pressure cleaning, and water jet
cutting.
Drawbacks:Prone to leakage due to high pressures .Regular maintenance needed due to high wear on plungers and seals.
Purpose: Provides ultra-high pressure pumping of clean, non-abrasive fluids.
Benefits:·Can achieve very high pressures. More efficient than piston pumps for high-pressure applications.

3.DIAPHRAGM PUMP:
It creates a pressure difference that draws fluid into the chamber and than pushes it out ,without the fluid come in contact with
moving parts.
Types:Air-Operated Diaphragm Pump ,Hydraulic Diaphragm .
Uses: Common in wastewater treatment, chemical processing, o-food and beverage, and paint.
Drawbacks:Limited to low to moderate pressures,Slower flow rates compared to piston or plunger pumps.
Purpose: Pumps fluids that are chemically aggressive, abrasive, or contain solid particles without contamination risk.
Benefits:Able to handle corrosive, abrasive, or hazardous fluids.Self-priming .
2.Rotatory pumps:
They moves fluid by trapping it between rotating components and then pushing it through through the pump.

ROTATORY

GEAR SCREW VANE

1.GEAR PUMP:
Use interlocking gears to create flow as they rotate.
Types: External Gear Pump uses two meshing gears, Internal Gear Pump uses an inner and outer gear.
Uses:Widely used in hydraulic systems, chemical processing, lubrication, and oil transfer.
Drawbacks:Limited to low-to-moderate pressure applications.
Purpose: Transferring high-viscosity fluids (e.g., oils, syrups) at a consistent rate.
Benefits:Simple design and compact. Reliable and low maintenance.Provides a steady, smooth flow with minimal pulsation.
2.SCREW PUMP:
Consist of screws rotating within a casing to move fluid linearly.
Types: Single-screw, twin-screw, and triple-screw pumps.
Uses: in applications where continuous, high-pressure flow is needed, like oil transfer, lubrication, and water treatment.
Drawbacks:Complex design, making them expensive to manufacture, Vulnerable to high-viscosity changes in fluids at low
temperatures.
Purpose: High-pressure transfer of lubricating and non-abrasive fluids, particularly in oil refineries and marine applications.
Benefits:·Excellent for high-pressure applications with consistent flow,Operates quietly,Highly efficient, especially with
viscous fluids.

3.VANE PUMP:
Use vanes that slide in and out of the rotor to trap and move fluid.
Uses: Commonly used in hydraulic systems, fuel systems, and light manufacturing applications.
Drawbacks:Not suitable for handling abrasive materials.
Purpose: Ideal for applications requiring variable flow at moderate pressure, such as in automotive fuel systems.
Benefits:Quiet and smooth operation. Self-priming capabilities.Capable of handling a variety of viscosities.
 COMPARISAN
BTW PDPS AND DYNAMIC PUMPS
THANK YOU